Weed Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) with Imazaquin

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Sims ◽  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
John A. Mcguire ◽  
Michael G. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Standard System ◽  
Separate Study ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Quinolinecarboxylic Acid

Field evaluations were made on the effects of imazaquin {2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid} on Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum(SW) DC. # DEDTO] and sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. # CASOB) control in peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.). Crop yield was reduced at 392 and 504 g ae/ha and with preemergence applications. Florida beggarweed control was not achieved with this herbicide. Maximum sicklepod control (approximately 80%) was achieved with 392 and 504 g/ha applied postemergence. In a separate study, several herbicide systems utilizing imazaquin were compared to a standard weed control program. All these systems provided weed control and yields that were comparable to the standard weed control system; thus the inclusion of imazaquin offered no advantage over the standard system.

scholarly journals Weed Control and Response of Peanuts (Arachis Hypogaea) To Chlorimuron1

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Sims ◽  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
John A. McGuire ◽  
T. Vint Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Separate Study ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Over The Top

Abstract Experiments were conducted in 1984 and 1985 on a Dothan loamy sand (Plinthic Paleudults) at Headland, Alabama, to evaluate the effects of the ethyl ester formulation of chlorimuron [2-[[[[4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]carbonyl] amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acid] on Florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum (SW) DC.) and sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) control, and yield and grade of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of five chlorimuron rates (17.5, 35.0, 52.5, 70.0 for 87.5 g ai/ha) and four application times, preplant incorporated (PPI), preemergence (PRE), ground cracking (EPOT) or post-emergence over the top (POT). Crop injury, as indicated by visual ratings at 8 weeks after planting (WAP) and yield, was excessive with 52.5 g/ha and higher applied PRE or EPOT and with 35.0 g/ha and higher applied POT. Florida beggarweed control at 8 WAP was good with all rates; however, full season control was unacceptable. Control of sicklepod remained good through the entire season. In a separate study, several herbicide systems utilizing chlorimuron in combination with other herbicides were compared to a standard weed control system. While most herbicide systems which included chlorimuron provided yields comparable to the untreated check, none offered any advantage in terms of weed control and yield over the standard.

Low-Cost Weed Control Systems for Close-Row Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cardina ◽  
Aubrey C. Mixon ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
High Yields

Weed control, yield, quality, and net return in reduced-cost and standard weed control systems were studied in “Sunbelt runner’ peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.) planted in a twin-row pattern in 1982 to 85 at Tifton, GA, and 1982 to 84 at Headland, AL. Reduced herbicide rates and/or less expensive herbicides were used to decrease weed control costs. In years and locations where weed populations were low there were no differences in weed control, crop yield, or quality. The lowest cost treatment, which included three applications of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), caused reduced weed control at both locations in 1982 and reduced yield in 1982 and 1984. None of the systems consistently resulted in the highest weed control, crop yield, or quality. A system including reduced rates of preplant-incorporated herbicides followed by two applications of paraquat performed as well as the standard system but cost about 40% less. Due to low cost and generally high yields this system resulted in consistently high net returns. Results indicate that the potential exists for reducing herbicide inputs without sacrificing yield or quality.

Economics of Weed Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) with Herbicides and Cultivations

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Robert H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Pitted Morningglory

The effectiveness and profitability of weed control with herbicides and cultivation were determined in peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL. ‘Florunner′) infested with Texas panicum (Panicum texanumBuckl. # PANTE), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. # CASOB), and pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL. # IPOLA). Highest peanut yield (4260 kg/ha) and net returns were achieved in 2 of 3 yr with benefin [N-butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] applied preplant incorporated followed by alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl) acetamide] and dinoseb [2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitrophenol] plus naptalam {2-[(1-naphthalenylamino)carbonyl] benzoic acid} applied at ground cracking, with two timely cultivations. Systems utilizing herbicides alone did not provide highest net returns, peanut yield, or weed control.

scholarly journals Performance and Economic Benefit of Herbicides Used for Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanut

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wehtje ◽  
B. J. Brecke ◽  
N. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons (1995 and 1996) and at two locations (Jay, FL, and Headland, AL) to identify the most effective herbicide program for Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW) D.C.] control in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The most common herbicides used for Florida beggarweed control—including preemergence (PRE), early-postemergence (EPOST), mid-postemergence (MPOST) and late-postemergence (LPOST) applied treatments—were evaluated in a factorial treatment arrangement. All treatments had merit and could be assembled into programs that resulted in maximum weed control, crop yield, and net returns. However, at least two of the four treatment timings were required to reach this level. Four systems were consistently associated with the maximum statistical grouping for both yield and net returns, as well as acceptable Florida beggarweed control (> 81%). These systems were (a) paraquat + bentazon applied EPOST, followed by pyridate + 2,4-DB MPOST; (b) same as (a) only preceded by norflurazon applied PRE; (c) imazapic applied EPOST followed by pyridate + 2,4-DB MPOST; and (d) norflurazon applied PRE, followed by imazapic EPOST.

Efficiency of Chemical and Mechanical Methods for Controlling Weeds in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Bridges ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
John A. McGuire ◽  
Neil R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Research was conducted from 1978 through 1980 at Headland, AL, to evaluate the use of herbicides, mechanical cultivation, and hand-hoeing as components of a total weed control system for peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.). Herbicides or two cultivations alone failed to provide acceptable weed control, peanut yields, or net returns for the 3-yr period. However, adding two cultivations to the herbicide treatments produced acceptable weed control, peanut yields, and net returns for the 3-yr period. Average peanut yield for herbicide(s) plus two cultivations was 3200 kg/ha with an average net return of $260/ha. Two cultivations plus two hoeings without herbicide(s) produced good results with an average 3-yr yield of 3380 kg/ha and a net return of $280/ha. Herbicide(s) plus two cultivation treatments that had net returns equal to two cultivations plus two hoeing treatments were: dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) at 5.0 kg ai/ha applied at ground-cracking ($300/ha); dinoseb + alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] at 1.7 + 3.4 kg ai/ha applied at ground-cracking ($310/ha); and alachlor at 4.5 kg/ha applied preemergence ($320/ha). Treatments containing herbicide(s) plus two cultivations plus two hoeings did not substantially improve weed control, peanut yields, or net returns over herbicide(s) plus two cultivations.

DPX-PE350 for Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
John S. Richburg
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Cassia Occidentalis ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1992 in Georgia to determine the efficacy of DPX-PE350 when applied either preplant incorporated (PPI), preemergence (PRE), and early postemergence (EPOST) at rates of 40, 80, or 120 g ae ha-1 for weed control in peanut. Species evaluated included coffee senna [Cassia occidentalis (L.)], Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.], prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), smallflower morningglory [Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb.], sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.), and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.). Sicklepod was controlled better with either PPI or PRE applications than with EPOST. Coffee senna control was more consistent with DPX-PE350 applied EPOST. DPX-PE350 controlled prickly sida and smallflower morningglory regardless of application method and rate. DPX-PE350 did not control Florida beggarweed when soil applied. PPI applications were more injurious to peanut than PRE or EPOST applications. Peanut yields tended to decrease as DPX-PE350 rates increased.

Competition of Florida Beggarweed and Sicklepod with Peanuts I. Effects of Periods of Weed-free Maintenance or Weed Competition

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Hauser ◽  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
W. J. Ethredge
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia

Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL. ‘Tifspan’ or ‘Florunner’) yields were not reduced when the crop was maintained free of Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum(Sw.) DC.] or sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL.) for 4 weeks after crop emergence and when vigorous crop growth was maintained for the remainder of the season. Sometimes weed-free maintenance for only 2 weeks resulted in near-normal yields, which indicated that the canopy of peanut leaves effectively suppressed the weeds. Conversely, these weeds had to compete with peanuts for more than 10 weeks before crop yield was reduced. Weeds that overtopped the peanuts at harvest emerged during the first 6 weeks after planting.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Foliar-Applied Imazaquin in Soybeans (Glycine max), Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), and Associated Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Tracy A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Respective Species ◽  
Quinolinecarboxylic Acid

Absorption of foliar-applied14C-imazaquin {2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid} 72 h after treatment was higher than 90% for soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Braxton’], peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL. ‘Florunner’), common cocklebur (Xanthium strumariumL. # XANST), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. # CASOB), and Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum(SW.) # DEDTO]. Both symplasmic and apoplasmic translocation of the herbicide were evident. Imazaquin half-life was 4.4 days in soybean, 5.3 days in peanut, 9.6 days in Florida beggarweed, 12.7 days in sicklepod, and 39.8 days in cocklebur. Tolerance of these species to foliar-applied imazaquin as determined in greenhouse studies with 21-day-old seedlings was as follows: soybean = peanut > Florida beggarweed > sicklepod > cocklebur. Tolerance was directly correlated to imazaquin halflife within the tissue of the respective species.

Commissioning brownstock washing controls for an evaporator limited mill

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
RICARDO SANTOS ◽  
PETER HART
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Separation Point ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Oxygen Delignification ◽  
Percentage Points

An automated shower water control system has been implemented to reduce the volume and variability of weak black liquor being sent from the pulp mill to the evaporators. The washing controls attempt to balance the need for consistent and low soda carryover to the bleach plant with consistently high weak black liquor solids being sent to the evaporators. The washer controls were implemented on two bleachable grade hardwood lines (one with oxygen delignification, one without oxygen delignification) and one pine line. Implementation of the control program resulted in an increase in black liquor solids of 0.6 percentage points for the hardwood lines. Significant foam reduction was realized on the pine line since the pine black liquor solids were able to be consistently maintained just below the soap separation point. Low black liquor solids excursions to the evaporators were eliminated. Bleach plant carryover was stabilized and no negative impact on chemical consumption was noticed when controlling weak black liquor solids to recovery.

Evaluation of Imazethapyr for Weed Control in Leafy Vegetable Crops

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Dusky ◽  
William M. Stall
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Common Purslane

Imazethapyr was evaluated PRE and POST in five lettuce types and chicory under Florida field conditions. The relative sensitivity of leafy crop vigor (most sensitive to most tolerant) to imazethapyr PRE, based on 20% inhibition determined using regression analysis, was as follows: Boston > bibb > crisphead > romaine > leaf > escarole > endive. Leafy crop injury increased as the rate of imazethapyr applied POST increased, with all leafy crops responding in a similar manner. Surfactant addition increased imazethapyr phytotoxicity. Imazethapyr PRE treatments at 0.067 kg ai/ha provided greater than 80% control of livid amaranth, common purslane, flatsedge, and common lambsquarters. Imazethapyr POST at 0.067 kg/ha, with surfactant provided control greater than 85% of all weed species. Greater than 85% spiny amaranth control was provided by imazethapyr POST at 0.017 kg/ha. Use of surfactant with imazethapyr did not improve spiny amaranth control over imazethapyr with no surfactant. POST treatments did not decrease leafy crop yield compared with the hand-weeded check. Imazethapyr applied PRE reduced crop yield compared to the POST treatments and the hand-weeded control.

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