MOSQUITOES OF MANITOBA: II. THE EFFECT OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON HATCHING OF EGGS OF AEDES VEXANS AND AEDES ABSERRATUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Brust ◽  
R. A. Costello
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Aedes Vexans ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Saturated Atmosphere

AbstractOptimum storage conditions for eggs of Aedes vexans (Meigen) were found to be a temperature of 2 °C and a saturated atmosphere. These conditions are also suitable for storing eggs of Aedes abserratus (Felt and Young) but this species can be stored at lower temperatures. When eggs of both species are stored at 2 °C and placed in a hatching medium at 2 °C, hatching begins in A. abserratus but not in A. vexans. A comparable hatch in the latter occurs at 10°–15 °C. Desiccation and death of A. vexans embryos occur rapidly at a low relative humidity (20%) and a high temperature (21 °C) but slowly at low relative humidity and a low temperature (4 °C). Eggs that lose a substantial amount of water will still hatch and the larvae develop normally, but hatching time is delayed. The hatching time may be twice as long as in eggs kept in a saturated atmosphere at similar temperatures, indicating that embryos must regain some of the lost water before hatching can occur.

scholarly journals Maintaining Impatiens Seed Quality

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 867F-867
Author(s):  
David Cross ◽  
Roger Styer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook.f.) flower seeds are believed to be sensitive to storage temperature and humidity conditions. A study was conducted to evaluate seed quality changes occurring during a 1-year period of storage under various temperature and humidity combinations. Four seed lots of `Super Elfin Red' and `Super Elfin White' impatiens were studied. Constant humidity treatments were obtained using saturated salt solutions; 15% relative humidity (RH) with LiCI, 25% RH with KAc, 33% RH with MgCl2, and 43% RH with K2CO3. Constant temperature treatments were 5, 15, and 22C. At 3-month intervals, replicate samples were sown in plug flats in the greenhouse. Seed quality was evaluated as the percentage of usable seedlings 21 days from sowing. Rapid deterioration of seed quality was seen under high temperature and high humidity storage conditions. Seeds became less sensitive to humidity at 5C. Conditions of 20% to 25% RH and 5C are recommended for impatiens seed storage.

scholarly journals Nutritional Changes and Early Warning of Moldy Rice under Different Relative Humidity and Storage Temperature

Foods ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Jing Du ◽  
Yingxue Lin ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Yanyan Tian ◽  
Jixiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Protein Secondary Structure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Total Starch

Processed unhusked rice is prone to mildew during storage. In this study, the storage conditions were simulated at temperatures of 20, 30, and 35 °C and a relative humidity of 40%, 60% and 80%, respectively. The water, fatty acid, and total starch content and the peak viscosity, mold colony number, protein secondary structure, and spatial structure of rice were monitored in order to propose the critical point of mildew during storage. In the process of rice from lively to moldy, the water content, fatty acid contents and the peak viscosity were increased. The total starch content decreased and then showed a slow increasing trend, while the microstructure of the powder particles changed from smooth and complete to loosen and hollow. With the increase in storage time, the vibration of the amide Ⅰ band of the rice samples decreased slightly, indicating that the total contents of β-fold, β-turn, α-helix, and random curl of the rice protein also changed. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) analysis showed that rice mildew index was closely related to temperature and humidity during storage. In our investigation, the best and most suitable temperature and relative humidity for rice storge is 20 °C and 40%, respectively. These results suggested that temperature and environmental humidity are vital factors affecting the physicochemical properties and nutrient changes, which provides a theoretical basis for the early warning of rice mildew during storage.

California Almond Shelf Life: Changes in Moisture Content and Textural Quality During Storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Wu ◽  
Xiangyang Lin ◽  
Shengnan Lin ◽  
Paul Chen ◽  
Guangwei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. The effects of packaging and storage conditions on the moisture content and instrumental and sensory textural properties of raw and salty light roasted (SLR) California almonds were studied under different storage conditions. The controlled combinations included low, medium, and high temperatures and low and high relative humidity (RH). Almond samples were packaged in cartons or polyethylene (PE) bags with and without vacuum. Both absorption and desorption of moisture by almonds were observed during storage and were dependent on the packaging and storage conditions. In general, gradual changes were observed for samples with PE and vacuum PE packaging in most of the storage conditions, while the samples packed in cartons showed more dramatic changes because these unprotected samples were more vulnerable to seasonal changes in humidity. The SLR almonds showed consistent moisture gains, while the raw almonds tended to lose moisture content in most of the storage conditions. This may be attributed to the low initial moisture content of the SLR samples. All raw samples packed in cartons became softer over time. The softening tended to be enhanced by high storage humidity and temperature. The raw almonds packaged in PE bags were firmer than those packed in cartons but also became softer over time. The firmness of the SLR samples was generally lower than that of raw samples, probably because roasting reduced the density and mechanical strength of the kernels. The firmness of PE packaged SLR samples increased in uncontrolled storage conditions and in higher storage temperature and humidity conditions but decreased slightly in lower temperature and humidity conditions. Vacuum packaging did not affect the firmness much. Using PE packaging and maintaining the RH below 50% and the temperature below 25°C are effective in stabilizing both raw and processed almonds. Keywords: Almond, Firmness, Nonpareil, Packaging, Relative humidity, Sensory, Storage, Temperature, Texture.

EFFECTS OF PHOSPHATE SPRAYS ON McINTOSH APPLE FRUIT AND LEAF COMPOSITION, FLESH FIRMNESS AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO LOW-TEMPERATURE DISORDERS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. WEBSTER ◽  
P. D. LIDSTER
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Leaf Composition ◽  
Temperature Storage

Phosphate compounds (NH4H2PO4, KH2PO4 and CaH4(PO4)2 in 1982; NH4H2PO4 in 1983) applied to McIntosh apple trees as six foliar sprays at weekly intervals starting 4 wk after bloom, increased leaf and fruit P, decreased loss of firmness under some storage conditions and decreased incidence of low-temperature storage disorders. Phosphate sprays improved firmness retention of apples stored in either 5% CO2 plus 3% O2 or 0.7% CO2 plus 1% O2 in 1982 and maintained fruit firmness during a simulated shelf life at 20 °C for apples stored at 0 °C. Firmness retention at 20 °C of the 1983 crop was improved by monobasic ammonium phosphate regardless of storage temperature. Apple samples from unsprayed control trees had mean phosphorus concentrations of 85.4 and 94.4 ppm fresh weight in 1982 and 1983, respectively (whole fruit less seeds and stems).Key words: Apple, fruit phosphorus, low temperature breakdown, core flush

FACTORS AND PROCESSES IN THE GERMINATION OF DATURA FEROX L.

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1189-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Soriano ◽  
R. A. Sánchez ◽  
B. A. de Eilberg
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Product ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Inhibitor Level

The germination of Datura ferox seeds is blocked immediately after ripeness by an inhibitor. The decoating of the seeds and certain storage conditions promote germination by favoring the diffusion of the inhibitor or its destruction.Seeds in which the germination blockage due to the inhibitor had been overcome behave as photoblastically positive, responding to the R–FR mechanism. During afterripening, the capacity of the skotomechanism increases as the inhibitor level decreases. The skotomechanism blockage does not disappear with low temperature or with alternating temperatures. On the other hand, high temperature reimposes this blockage.Gibberellic acid replaces the effect of red light, whereas thiourea is not effective.It is postulated, on the basis of the results obtained with this species, and the results of other authors, that the quantity of an oxidation product present, resulting from metabolic processes during storage or the action of red light, controls both germination and the possibility of germination being produced in conditions of light or darkness.

scholarly journals Effect of High and low temperature and different relative humidity on biology of old Serew worm Chrvsomya bezziana (Villeneuve) Diptera: calliphoridae

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Suitable Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature

The effect of some environment faetor (different temperature and relative humidity) on the biology of the old world- screw worm, were studied under laboratory condition, the result showed that non of the eggs hatched at 15°c and under dried eondition which relative humidity between 20-40%, also result showed that the mature larvae needs one days to become pupa since it leaves the larval died at the temperature ranged between 25-40°C at different humidity rates. While it needs 3 days under lower temperature and different humidity to become pu^, on the other hand the results showed that either low temperature and dried condition or high temperature at different humidity rates cause non of pupa became adult. While low temperature (15-20) °c at suitable humidity rate will elongate pupal, further more it is also noticed that the suitable temperature ??'? pupa? development ranged between 25- 35°C under different relative humidity rate and it ranged between 5-8 days.

Bending Creep of High-Temperature Dried Spruce Timber

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bengtsson ◽  
R. Kliger
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Creep Test ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Free Shrinkage ◽  
Creep Deformations

Summary In this paper, bending creep test results from high-temperature (HT) dried Norway Spruce timber are presented. The results are compared with creep tests of conventional low-temperature (LT) dried timber. The HT drying was performed at 115°C and the LT drying was performed at 70°C. The creep tests were performed in a varying climate with 20°C and 30–90% relative humidity. A total number of 24 specimens, 45 × 70 × 1100 mm, were loaded in bending during approximately 240 days. Both the HT-dried and the LT-dried material were cut from the same four trees to have as equal raw material as possible for the two drying methods. The results show smaller bending creep deformations of HT-dried timber (approximately 30%) as compared to the LT-dried timber. The variation in magnitude of creep for HT-dried timber was equal to or smaller than for LT-dried timber. Additionally, the variation in deformation between the moisture cycles was smaller for HT-dried timber. These observations indicate a less pronounced mechano-sorptive effect for HT-dried timber. The free shrinkage in the grain direction was significantly smaller for the HT-dried material than for the LT-dried material.

scholarly journals The Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Degradation Behavior of Biomass Pellets

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Gilvari ◽  
Luis Cutz ◽  
Urša Tiringer ◽  
Arjan Mol ◽  
Wiebren de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
End User ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Current Utilization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Biomass pellets provide a pivotal opportunity in promising energy transition scenarios as a renewable source of energy. A large share of the current utilization of pellets is facilitated by intensive global trade operations. Considering the long distance between the production site and the end-user locations, pellets may face fluctuating storage conditions, resulting in their physical and chemical degradation. We tested the effect of different storage conditions, from freezing temperatures (−19 °C) to high temperature (40 °C) and humidity conditions (85% relative humidity), on the physicochemical properties of untreated and torrefied biomass pellets. Moreover, the effect of sudden changes in the storage conditions on pellet properties was studied by moving the pellets from the freezing to the high temperature and relative humidity conditions and vice versa. The results show that, although storage at one controlled temperature and RH may degrade the pellets, a change in the temperature and relative humidity results in higher degradation in terms of higher moisture uptake and lower mechanical strength.

scholarly journals Impact of Relative Humidity and Collection Media on Mycobacteriophage D29 Aerosol

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1466-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyang Liu ◽  
Zhanbo Wen ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Wenhui Yang ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Nutrient Broth ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Lytic Phage

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of aerosol generation, methods of sampling, storage conditions, and relative humidity on the culturability of the mycobacteriophage D29. The lytic phage D29 can killMycobacterium tuberculosis, and the phage aerosol can be treated as a potential tool for tuberculosis treatment. The culturability of D29 was tested using a test chamber designed for the bioaerosols research against three spray liquids (deionized water, phosphate-buffered saline [PBS], and normal saline), four collection media (suspension medium [SM], nutrient broth, PBS, and deionized water), two sampling systems (the all-glass impinger AGI-30 and the Biosampler) and across a range of humidities (20 to 90%). The effect of storage conditions on the culturability of collected sample was also evaluated for the AGI-30 impinger. The results proved that viable phage D29 particles generated by deionized water were approximately 30- and 300-fold higher than PBS and normal saline, respectively. As collection media, SM buffer and nutrient broth were observed to yield a higher number of plaques compared to PBS and deionized water. No difference was observed in collection efficiency between AGI-30 and Biosampler with two detection methods (culture-based technique and real-time PCR). The culturability of collected D29 in SM buffer or nutrient broth can be maintained up to 12 h irrespective of storage temperature. Relative humidity was found to strongly influence airborne D29 culturability which is 2- to 20-fold higher in low humidity (25%) than medium (55%) or high (85%) humidity. This research will help identify the optimal means for the application of D29 aerosol in animal inhalation experiments.

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