Influence of Row Spacing on Weed Competition by Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Rogers ◽  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
W. C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Row Spacing

When planted with narrow (53 cm) row spacing, cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) ‘McNair 210’ produced maximum yields with as little as 6 weeks of weed-free maintenance. With wider row spacing (79 and 106 cm), however, 10 and 14 weeks of weed-free maintenance were required for maximum yield. When weeds were allowed to grow in cotton for more than 2 to 4 weeks after planting, yield reductions occurred. This tolerance period did not differ with row widths of 53, 79, or 106 cm.

scholarly journals Spatial arrangement of maize plants aiming to maximize grain yield in the hybrid BRS-3046

2020 ◽  
pp. 1662-1669
Author(s):  
Marcus Willame Lopes Carvalho ◽  
Edson Alves Bastos ◽  
Milton José Cardoso ◽  
Aderson Soares de Andrade Junior ◽  
Carlos Antônio Ferreira de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing

The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate the effect of different spatial arrangements on morpho-physiological characteristics and (ii) determine the optimal spatial arrangement to maximize grain yield of the maize hybrid BRS-3046 grown in the Mid-North region of Brazil. We tested two row spacings (0.5 and 1 m) and five plant densities (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 plants m-2), which corresponded to 10 different plant spatial arrangements. Different morphophysiological variables, gas exchange rates and grain yield were measured. The increased planting density led to a linear increase in LAI, regardless of row spacing, while the net CO2 assimilation rate increased until the density of 4 and 6 plants m-2, under a row spacing of 0.5 and 1.0 m, respectively. On the other hand, we found a linear reduction in the stomatal conductance with increasing planting density. The intercellular CO2 concentration and the transpiration rate were higher in the widest row spacing. The instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation, in turn, showed a slight increase up to the density of six plants m-2, then falling, regardless of row spacing. Increasing plant density resulted in a linear increase in plant height and ear insertion height, regardless of row spacing. However, it had an opposite effect on stem diameter. Grain yield, in turn, increased up to 7.3 plants m-2 at a row spacing of 0.5 m and 8 plants m-2 at a row spacing of 1.0 m. This spatial arrangement was considered as ideal for achieving maximum yield

CROP-WEED COMPETITION STUDIES IN FABA BEAN (Vicia faba L.) UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Tawaha ◽  
M. A. Turk
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Crop Weed Competition

Field experiments were conducted during the two growing seasons of 1999 and 2000 at the research farm of the Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) to study the effect of the time of weed removal on the yield and yield components of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Removing weeds from 25 to 75 days after crop sowing led to significantly larger yields than on plots which were not weeded. Maximum yield was obtained in both years when weeds were removed thrice at 25, 50 and 75 days after crop sowing.

Growth and Interaction of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) by Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Keeley ◽  
Robert J. Thullen
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Cotton Lint

Several weed-free and bermudagrass competition periods were established and maintained in cotton to evaluate their influence on cotton yields and reproduction of bermudagrass. Cotton sprayed with fluazifop for bermudagrass control 4 or 8 weeks after emergence yielded 93 and 90% as much as weed-free cotton. This compared to losses of 16 and 26% when bermudagrass was permitted to compete with cotton for 12 and 25 weeks, respectively. Cotton handweeded for 8 to 12 weeks yielded the same as weed-free cotton and 9% more than cotton weed free for only 4 weeks. Bermudagrass seed production was prevented and rhizome production was negligible when weed competition did not exceed 8 weeks and weed-free periods exceeded 4 weeks. Bermudagrass produced significant amounts of seeds (45 to 88% of weedy checks) and rhizomes (9 to 31% of weedy checks) in plots weed free for 4 weeks and in plots where control was delayed for 12 weeks. Cotton grades were reduced because the cotton lint was contaminated with grass in plots weed free for only 4 weeks, and in plots where bermudagrass competed for 25 weeks.

The influence of row spacing and plant population on the effect of weed competition in soybeans

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (83) ◽  
pp. 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
WL Felton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Population ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Cent Decrease

An experiment was done to determine the reduction in yield attributable to weed competition when soybeans were grown in 25,50,75 and 100 cm rows and within-row densities of 10, 20 and 40 plants m-1. There was no effect of weeds on yield when soybeans were grown in 25 cm rows but a 20 per cent decrease with 50 cm rows, 26 per cent with 75 cm rows and 37 per cent with 100 cm rows. Within-row density had no effect but there was a trend towards an interaction between within-row density and the presence or absence of weeds. Narrow rows and higher within-row densities increased the height of the bottom pod, lodging and the number of pods m-2 but decreased stem diameter, number of pods per plant and the yield per plant. Narrow rows decreased yield per pod and seeds per pod. There was a trend, which was not significant (P < 0.05), towards reduced yield per pod and seeds per pod with higher within-row densities. Weed competition reduced stem diameter, pods per plant, pods m-2 and yield per plant. Weeds had no effect on the height of the bottom pod, yield per pod and seeds per pod. Soybean grain weight was not changed by row spacing, row density or weed competition.

Effects of Weeding and Row Spacing on Sugar Cane at the Kenya Coast

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
A. S. Abubaker ◽  
A. M. Gurnah
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Row Spacing

SUMMARYUsing the sugar cane cultivar Co 421, competition from weeds for the whole growing season was compared at three row spacings with competition for periods ranging from 15–120 days at the start of the season or later, and weed-free conditions all through the season. The critical period for weed competition was the first three months, since weeding during the remaining 11 months did not improve yields, which were similar at row spacings of 1, 1·25 or 1·5 m. There were no interactions between the weeding and spacing treatments.

scholarly journals Performance of cotton genotype TCH 1819 to high density planting system under winter irrigated condition at the Western agroclimatic zone of Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (SI) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
R. Sowmiya ◽  
N. Sakthivel
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Cotton Genotype

Plant population is an important attribute in crop management practice. Increasing the plant density by decreasing the crop row spacing was an alternative strategy to optimize crop profit. Hence, the field trial was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during the winter season of 2017 – 18 to study the effect of row spacing on the growth and yield of cotton genotype TCH 1819. The experimental design was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with seven spacing treatments viz., T1: 60 x 15 cm (1,11,111 plants ha-1), T2: 60 x 20 cm (83,333 plants ha-1), T3: 75 x 15 cm (88,888 plants ha-1), T4: 75 x 20 cm (66,666 plants ha-1), T5: 75 x 30 cm (44,444 plants ha-1), T6: 90 x 15 cm (74074 plants ha-1), T7: 90 x 20cm (55,555 plants ha-1) and was replicated thrice.  Plant densities showed a significant (p=0.05) difference for all the characters studied.  The higher plant density of 1,11,111 plants (60 x 15 cm) observed significantly (p=0.05) maximum plant height (103.14 cm), Leaf Area Index (LAI) (4.35), Dry Matter Production (DMP) (8125 kg/ha), Crop Growth Rate (CGR) (6.58 g/m2/day), root length (41.46 cm), root dry weight (14.94 g/plant), and chlorophyll index (48.24).  The number of sympodial branches per plant (17) and bolls per plant (22 bolls) was found significant in the wider spacing of 75 x 30 cm.  The narrow spacing of 60 x 15 cm noted the highest seed cotton yield (2565 kg/ha), net return (R65706.62), and B: C (2.32) ratio, followed by the spacing of 75 x 15 cm due to more plant density per unit area (m2).  So, maximum yield in cotton can be achieved by decreasing the row spacing and increasing the plant population per unit area.

Rates of Herbicides in Irrigated Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-181
Author(s):  
H. F. Arle ◽  
K. C. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Fiber Fineness ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Boll Weight ◽  
Annual Weeds

Rates of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) applied preplanting were combined with rates of diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] applied postemergence in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Deltapine 16’). In another experiment, two levels of these herbicides were applied in three populations of cotton. All herbicide combinations improved weed control, compared to that of cultivated checks. Applications of 0.28, 0.42, and 0.56 kg/ha of trifluralin combined with 0.56 kg/ha of diuron controlled annual weeds and produced the highest cotton yields. Herbicide treatments had more influence than crop spacing on weed control and crop yield. Weed competition on cultivated checks affected boll weight, seed per boll, and fiber fineness.

Competition of Prickly Sida with Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Buchanan ◽  
R.H. Crowley ◽  
R.D. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cotton Plant ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida

Seed cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) yields were not reduced when competing with prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) for 7 weeks or less after cotton emergence and maintained weed-free for the remainder of the season. Cotton yields were not affected when pure prickly sida stands were controlled for 5 to 6 weeks after cotton emergence and then allowed to grow uncontrolled for the remainder of the season. In the more severe weed competition treatments, cotton plant height and main stem diameter were reduced; however, yield of seed cotton was the most sensitive indicator of prickly sida competition. Maturity of cotton, as measured by percent of total yield obtained at first picking, indicated a delay in maturity in 1 of 3 yr in treatments where competing prickly sida was present for 8 weeks or more. In density studies, where prickly sida emerged with cotton and was allowed to compete for the full growing season, 45 prickly sida plants/15 m of row caused reductions in yield of seed cotton in two of five experiments. In another series of three experiments as few as 32 prickly sida plants/15 m of row significantly reduced seed cotton yields in two of the three experiments. Trash content of machine-harvested cotton was increased at densities of 64 and 128 prickly sida plants/15 m of row in one experiment. Staple length and grade of cotton were not affected by any weed density studied. Micronaire measurements of cotton were reduced at prickly sida densities of 64 and 128 weeds/15 m of row during 1972.

Common Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Competition in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Brown ◽  
Ted Whitwell ◽  
Joe E. Street
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Grass Establishment ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of various densities of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ♯ CYNDA] in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 213’) during the initial and second seasons following grass establishment and to evaluate bermudagrass competition in three cotton row spacings. During the season of grass establishment, densities of 1 to 16 plugs/7.5 m of cotton row had minimal effects on yield. Established, perennated bermudagrass was much more competitive. During second-season competition, 1 plug/7.5 m had formed a 76% ground cover and reduced yields by 600 kg/ha (25%) or more. The highest densities reduced yields 60 to 80%. In separate experiments, a cotton row spacing of 0.5 m reduced bermudagrass ground cover compared to 1.5 m row spacing.

Seeding rate and row spacing effect on weed competition, yield and quality of hemp in the Parkland region of Saskatchewan

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Vera ◽  
S. M. Woods ◽  
J. P. Raney
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Silty Loam

Field experiments were conducted on a Black Chernozem silty loam soil at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 2000 to 2002, to determine the effect of seeding rate and row spacing on weed competition, as well as on seed, shoot biomass production and seed q uality attributes of industrial hemp ( Cannabis sativa L. ‘Fasamo’ and ‘Finola’). Increasing seeding rate from 20 to 60 or 80 kg ha-1decreased weed density in all years (average of 33%) and reduced weed size (34%) in 2000. It also increased hemp plant density, biomass and seed yield (average of 174, 23 and 34%, respectively). Seed weight and protein were not affected by seeding rates, but seed oil content increased 1% in one year, when seeding rate increased from 20 to 60 kg ha-1. Row spacing (18 and 36 cm) had little or no definite effect on most of the parameters studied. Key words: Biomass, cultivar, hemp, protein content, oil content, organic farming, row spacing, seeding rate, weed competition

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