Weed Seed Response to Methyl Isothiocyanate and Metham

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Teasdale ◽  
Ray B. Taylorson
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Methyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Delayed Germination ◽  
Sodium Methyldithiocarbamate ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Metham Sodium ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Methyl isothiocyanate (MIT) consistently killed large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA] seed at concentations of 4.0 mM or greater. Concentrations of 0.6 to 1.0 mM MIT delayed germination of large crabgrass seed but ultimately allowed the majority of seed to germinate. Dormant large crabgrass seed were killed at concentrations of MIT similar to those required to kill nondormant seed. MIT stimulated germination of dormant large crabgrass seed at sublethal concentrations (0.1 to 1.0 mM). Experiments with metham (sodium methyldithiocarbamate) in the greenhouse and field (metham rapidly degrades to MIT in soils) confirmed results of laboratory experiments with MIT.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of14C-Glufosinate in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn, Goosegrass (Eleusine indica), Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia)

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley J. Everman ◽  
Cassandra R. Mayhew ◽  
James D. Burton ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Weed Species ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate14C-glufosinate absorption, translocation, and metabolism in glufosinate-resistant corn, goosegrass, large crabgrass, and sicklepod. Glufosinate-resistant corn plants were treated at the four-leaf stage, whereas goosegrass, large crabgrass, and sicklepod were treated at 5, 7.5, and 10 cm, respectively. All plants were harvested at 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT). Absorption was less than 20% at all harvest intervals for glufosinate-resistant corn, whereas absorption in goosegrass and large crabgrass increased from approximately 20% 1 HAT to 50 and 76%, respectively, 72 HAT. Absorption of14C-glufosinate was greater than 90% 24 HAT in sicklepod. Significant levels of translocation were observed in glufosinate-resistant corn, with14C-glufosinate translocated to the region above the treated leaf and the roots up to 41 and 27%, respectively. No significant translocation was detected in any of the weed species at any harvest timing. Metabolites of14C-glufosinate were detected in glufosinate-resistant corn and all weed species. Seventy percent of14C was attributed to glufosinate metabolites 72 HAT in large crabgrass. Less metabolism was observed for sicklepod, goosegrass, and glufosinate-resistant corn, with metabolites composing less than 45% of detectable radioactivity 72 HAT.

Reduced Preemergence Herbicide Rates for Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Control in Six Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Cultivars

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson ◽  
Robert N. Carrow
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Made In ◽  
Large Crabgrass

A field experiment was conducted over a 2-yr period to determine the effects of reduced PRE herbicide rates on large crabgrass infestation in six tall fescue cultivars. With the exception of oryzalin and benefin plus oryzalin in 1993, there was no cultivar by herbicide interaction for large crabgrass infestation when final ratings were made in 1993 and 1994. This interaction was caused by moderate to severe turfgrass injury that thinned the turf. When cultivars were disregarded, prodiamine was the only herbicide applied at one-third recommended rate in 1993 that effectively suppressed large crabgrass for the full season. Prodiamine and dithiopyr were the only PRE herbicides applied at one-third recommended rates for two consecutive years that effectively suppressed large crabgrass in 1994. Two-thirds recommended rate was needed for two consecutive years for oxadiazon, pendimethalin, oryzalin, benefin plus oryzalin, and benefin plus trifluralin to maintain optimum large crabgrass suppression in 1994.

scholarly journals Effects of Three Fertilization Methods on Weed Growth and Herbicide Performance in Soilless Nursery Substrates1

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Cody J. Stewart ◽  
S. Christopher Marble ◽  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Brian J. Pearson ◽  
P. Christopher Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Abstract Research objectives were to determine the effect of fertilization method (incorporation, subdress, and topdress) on weed growth and the performance of preemergence herbicides applied to soilless substrates. Nursery containers were filled with a pine bark:peat substrate and fertilized at two different rates [4.4 and 9.5 kg.m−3 (8.9 and 19.2 lb.yd−3)] via topdressing, subdressing, or incorporating. Containers were treated with either dimethenamid-P for spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata L.), flumioxazin for eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) or prodiamine for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.). A control was established for each fertilizer rate/placement and weed species that was not treated. Incorporating or subdressing fertilizer resulted in reduced large crabgrass and spotted spurge growth in non-treated containers. Weeds grew larger at the higher fertility rates in both topdress and incorporated treatments but fertilizer rate did not affect growth of spotted spurge or large crabgrass when fertilizers were subdressed. Herbicides generally provided commercially acceptable weed control regardless of fertilizer treatment, but results varied with species. Results suggest that in the absence of herbicides, topdressing may result in greater weed growth compared with subdressing or incorporating fertilizers; however, fertilizer placement will have less impact on herbicide performance if proper herbicides are chosen and applied correctly. Index words: topdress, subdress, incorporate, large crabgrass, eclipta, spotted spurge, preemergence Chemicals used in this study: Flumioxazin (SureGuard®); 2-[7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-(2-propynyl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole1,3(2H)-dione; Dimethenamid-P (Tower) 2-chloro-N-[(2,4-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide; Prodiamine (Barricade) 2,4-dinitro-N3, N3-dipropyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzenediamine (Barricade®) Species used in this study: Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.); Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.); Spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata L.)

Dates of Herbicide Application for Summer Weed Control in Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Six herbicides were applied monthly from February to May for control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] and goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.]. Bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with N-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] applied in February or March controlled at least 70% of large crabgrass, whereas, treatments applied in April resulted in similar control at two of three locations. All herbicides failed to control large crabgrass when applied in May. Oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] and butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamide] controlled goosegrass for the full season when applied in March or April. Oxadiazon also controlled goosegrass when applied in May.

Turf Safety and Effectiveness of Dithiopyr and Quinclorac for Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Control in Spring-Seeded Turf

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary J. Reicher ◽  
Daniel V. Weisenberger ◽  
Clark S. Throssell
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Large Crabgrass

There are limited options for controlling large crabgrass in spring-seeded cool-season turf. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of dithiopyr and quinclorac to control large crabgrass in spring-seeded Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass stands. Quinclorac at 0.84 kg/ha and dithiopyr at 0.56 kg/ha were applied separately at various times prior to seeding and after emergence of Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass. Quinclorac applied once at 2, 4, 8, or 12 weeks after emergence (WAE) or split-applied preplant incorporated (PPI) + 12 WAE will give season-long control of large crabgrass with no injury to spring-seeded Kentucky bluegrass or perennial ryegrass. Quinclorac applied PPI or 0 WAE is safe to use in spring seedings, but it will not provide season-long control of large crabgrass. Dithiopyr applied 2 or 4 WAE will control large crabgrass season-long while not injuring spring-seeded Kentucky bluegrass or perennial ryegrass. However, dithiopyr applied PPI or 0 WAE will severely limit germination of desirable turf, and dithiopyr applied 8 or 12 WAE will not control mature crabgrass.

Morningglory (Ipomoeaspp.) and Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Control with Glyphosate and 2,4-DB Mixtures in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. STANLEY CULPEPPER ◽  
AGUSTIN E. GIMENEZ ◽  
ALAN C. YORK ◽  
ROGER B. BATTS ◽  
JOHN W. WILCUT
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Biochemical responses in gills of rainbow trout exposed to propiconazole

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hua Li ◽  
Vladimir Zlabek ◽  
Roman Grabic ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Tomas Randak
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Fish Gill ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the toxic effect of PCZ, a triazole fungicide commonly present in surface and ground water, on the ROS defense system and Na+-K+-ATPase in gills of rainbow trout exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.2, 50 and 500 μg L−1) for 7, 20 and 30 days. After prolonged exposure of PCZ at higher test concentrations (50 and 500 μg L−1), oxidative stress was apparent as reflected by the significant higher ROS levels in fish gill, as well as the significant inhibition of SOD and CAT activities. In addition, Na+-K+-ATPase activities were significantly lower than those of the control with increasing PCZ concentration and prolonged exposure period. The results of this study indicate that chronic exposure to PCZ has altered multiple physiological indices in fish gill; however, before these parameters are used as unique biomarkers for monitoring residual pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments, more detailed laboratory experiments need to be performed.

Interaction of 2,4-DB With Postemergence Graminicides

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. York ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in North Carolina, Georgia, and Texas to determine if grass control is affected when postemergence-applied graminicides are mixed with 2,4-DB. Grass species evaluated included broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash], goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.], johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.], and Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.). Mixing 2,4-DB with the graminicides reduced grass control 8 to 15% at five of 11 locations. The antagonism was not specific for a particular grass species or graminicide, and it was not restricted to grasses under adverse growing conditions. Applying the 2,4-DB 24 hours after graminicide application alleviated the antagonism. Applying the 2,4-DB 24 hours before the graminicides overcame the antagonism at three of the five locations.

Controlled-Release Preemergence Herbicide Formulations for Annual Grass Control in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Chalmers ◽  
Herbert J. Hopen ◽  
Al J. Turgeon
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Conventional Formulation ◽  
Water Imbibition ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field, greenhouse, and laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of starch xanthide (SX), sludge polymer (SP), and coventional formulations (CF) of benefin [N-butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine], oxadiazon {3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3H-one}, and prosulfalin {N-[[4-dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrophenyl] sulfonyl]-5,5-dimethylsulfilimine} for the control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA] in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL.) turf. Turf injury was greatest with SP oxadiazon and prosulfalin formulations, while SX formulations of oxadiazon and prosulfalin caused decreased and /or delayed injury and provided control comparable to conventional formulations. Coarse SX granules containing prosulfalin caused less turf injury than fine granules, while the opposite effect sometimes occurred with SX oxadiazon. Differences in control were observed in the greenhouse when SX benefin formulations which varied in cross-linking agent and/or degree of substitution were compared to the conventional formulation on sandy and silt loam soils. Benefin SX formulations also demonstrated controlled-release properties, which improved large crabgrass control when compared to the conventional formulation in the greenhouse. This effect was short lived on silt loam but persisted on sand. SX granules cross-linked with Fe3+extended benefin activity longer than H2O2cross-linked materials on sandy soil only. Release of14C-labeled benefin from SX matrices was altered by the extent of water imbibition, solvent characteristics, and granule size.

Response of Weeds in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf to Tank-Mixed Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Tank mixtures of herbicides for control of emerged winter weeds and preemergence control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA] were evaluated on bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ‘Common’ # CYNDA] fairways over a 2-yr period. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] applied at 0.28 kg ai/ha in tank mixtures with DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthate) at 11 kg ai/ha controlled a higher percentage of parsley-piert (Alchemilla microcarpaBoiss. Reut. # APHMI) than either herbicide alone. When applied for spur weed (Solivaspp.) control, DCPA was antagonistic in the tank mixture with simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-txiazine]. During one yr of the 2-yr study period, control of large crabgrass was less in plots treated with combination of DCPA and glyphosate than in plots treated with DCPA alone. Less large crabgrass control was obtained in plots treated with bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] at 11 kg ai/ha in combinations with either paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) or 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] plus mecoprop {2-[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]propionic acid} plus dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) than when treated only with bensulide.

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