Germination, Host Preference, and Phenolic Content of Witchweed (Striga hermonthica) Seed Populations

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiz F. Bebawi ◽  
Adil E. Awad ◽  
Sami A. Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Pennisetum Americanum ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Phenolic content, germination percentage, and host preference were compared among 11 seed populations of witchweed (Striga hermonthica(Del.) Benth. # STRHE). Significant differences in germination percentage occurred among the seed populations after preconditioning by their exposure to different durations of warm-moist conditions. Greatest percentage of seed germinated after 8 days of preconditioning. Preconditioning for more than 16 days reduced percentage germination. The host specificity range of witchweed seed populations that parasitized pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum(L.) K. Schum] was broader than were those seed populations that attacked sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.]. Results of thin-layer chromatography indicated large variations in phenolic content among the witchweed seed populations.

scholarly journals MARKET SAMPLE SURVEY OF CROCUS SATIVUS LINN. TO ASSESS THE GENUINITY FOR USING ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND HIGH-PRESSURE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY USING DETECTION OF FLAVONOIDS

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K. R. ATHIRA ◽  
T. V. BINU
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Objective: Herbalism is a traditional medicine or folk medicine practice based on the use of plants and plant extracts. Many of the drugs used in conventional medicine are dried from herbs. Despite the fluctuation in prices in international markets, saffron was still remained the most expensive spice. The main aim of this study is to examine the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, high-pressure thin layer chromatography using flavanoid analysis and adulteration detection of saffron. Crocus sativus. Linn is a perennial stemless herb of the Iridaceae family. Saffron stigmas of sample1, sample2, sample3and sample4 are collected from different rates of the market sample from Thrissur district, sample5 collected from the Oushadhi premises, and it is collected from Himachal Pradesh. Methods: In this study detecting the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, high-pressure thin layer chromatography using flavanoid analysis of different samples of saffron stigmas. The extracts were prepared by using ethanol as a solvent. Results: Safranal is present only in s5 sample. It is the main essential volatile oil responsible for the saffron characteristic such as odour. Phenolic content is varied in different market samples. The amount of phenolic compounds in the saffron extract was determined using the Folin-ciocalteau reagent. Total phenolic content is the help to detect the pure and fake saffron. The phenolic content is higher in S5. Sample S5 showed 0.737 mg/ml phenolic content. Lowest level of phenolic content in sample S3. Sample S3 showed 0.0887 mg/ml phenolic content. Sample S4 showed 0.564 mg/ml total phenolic content. Sample S1 showed 0.416 mg/ml total phenolic content and sample S2 showed 0.267 mg/ml phenolic content. Antioxidant activity is higher in sample s5. and it is different in different market samples. Sample 5 stigma posses higher antioxidant activity. Sample S5 showing 14.88% antioxidant activity in 100 mg/ml concentration, 7.26% in 80 mg/ml concentration, 2.23% in 60 mg/ml concentration, 2.21% in 40 mg/ml and 1.01% in 20 mg/ml concentration. Sample S3 showed the lower antioxidant activity in 0.1% in 60 mg/ml concentration and 0.1% in 80 mg/ml. Ascorbic acid standard showing 14.89% in 100 mg/ml concentration, 7.26% in 80 mg/ml concentration, 4.56% in 60 mg/ml concentration, and 3.1% in 40 mg/ml concentration, and 1% in 20 mg/ml concentration. Flavonoid content is different in different samples. It is present highly present in sample s1 and s5. sample s3 do not contain the Flavanoid. The quality of the samples depend on the price values. Conclusion: The authenticity of saffron is an extremely important matter for the industry and for the consumers in view of security and protection,quality assurance, active properties and last but not least, economic impact. Despite the fluctuation in prices in international markets, saffron was and still remains the most expensive spice. The genuine saffron samples possess higher price value. The fake saffron available in the market with lower price value. The quality of the saffron depends upon the price values. These observations would be of immense value in the botanical identification and standardization of the drug in crude form and would help to distinguish the drug from its other spices.

Atrazine Translocation and Metabolism in Sudangrass, Sorghum, and Corn

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Roeth ◽  
T. L. Lavy
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Tracer Studies ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Plant Shoots

Root and shoot extracts of 3-week-old sudangrass [Sorghum sudanense(Piper) Stapf, var. Piper], grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], and corn (Zea maysL.) plants degraded 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) in order: shoot > root and corn ≫ sorghum = sudangrass. In 3-week-old detopped plants, the rate of atrazine exudation was 14 times greater in sudangrass and sorghum than in corn when grown in Keith sandy loam containing 0.5 ppmw14C-atrazine. Extraction and analysis of plant shoots revealed that 7 to 8% of the14C was present as atrazine in sudangrass and sorghum whereas no atrazine was found in corn. In14C tracer studies, thin-layer chromatography showed that sudangrass and sorghum metabolized atrazine by a pathway which differed from the pathway in corn. Sudangrass and sorghum metabolized atrazine primarily to 2-chloro-4-amino-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine and 2-chloro-4-amino-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine which are only partially detoxified compounds. Corn metabolized atrazine to 2-hydroxy-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (hydroxyatrazine) which is non-phytotoxic.

Absorption and Translocation of Terbutryn and Propazine

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dudek ◽  
E. Basler ◽  
P. W. Santelmann
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The absorption and translocation patterns of terbutryn [2-(tert-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] and propazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] were determined in wheat (Triticum vulgareVill. ‘Kaw’) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolorL. ‘RS 612’). Bioassay studies showed sorghum to be tolerant and wheat susceptible to terbutryn. Absorption and translocation of uniform14C-labeled terbutryn from 1 to 24 hr after initial treatment showed the roots of sorghum and the foliage of wheat to be the major sites of radioactivity accumulation. Foliage was the major site for propazine accumulation with both plant species. Thin-layer chromatography of extracts from terbutryn-treated plants showed that sorghum contained a higher percentage of metabolic breakdown products in the foliage than did the root systems, and wheat contained a high percentage of intact terbutryn in the foliage and roots. High temperature (32 C) enhanced translocation of terbutryn and propazine in both sorghum and wheat. The susceptibility of wheat and sorghum to terbutryn appears to be correlated with a combination of the factors of accumulation within the foliage of the plant and the ability to degrade the terbutryn molecule.

scholarly journals MARKET SAMPLE SURVEY OF CROCUS SATIVUS LINN. TO ASSESS THE GENUINITY FOR USING ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND HIGH-PRESSURE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY USING DETECTION OF FLAVONOIDS

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K. R. ATHIRA ◽  
T. V. BINU
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Objective: Herbalism is a traditional medicine or folk medicine practice based on the use of plants and plant extracts. Many of the drugs used in conventional medicine are dried from herbs. Despite the fluctuation in prices in international markets, saffron was still remained the most expensive spice. The main aim of this study is to examine the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, high-pressure thin layer chromatography using flavanoid analysis and adulteration detection of saffron. Crocus sativus. Linn is a perennial stemless herb of the Iridaceae family. Saffron stigmas of sample1, sample2, sample3and sample4 are collected from different rates of the market sample from Thrissur district, sample5 collected from the Oushadhi premises, and it is collected from Himachal Pradesh. Methods: In this study detecting the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, high-pressure thin layer chromatography using flavanoid analysis of different samples of saffron stigmas. The extracts were prepared by using ethanol as a solvent. Results: Safranal is present only in s5 sample. It is the main essential volatile oil responsible for the saffron characteristic such as odour. Phenolic content is varied in different market samples. The amount of phenolic compounds in the saffron extract was determined using the Folin-ciocalteau reagent. Total phenolic content is the help to detect the pure and fake saffron. The phenolic content is higher in S5. Sample S5 showed 0.737 mg/ml phenolic content. Lowest level of phenolic content in sample S3. Sample S3 showed 0.0887 mg/ml phenolic content. Sample S4 showed 0.564 mg/ml total phenolic content. Sample S1 showed 0.416 mg/ml total phenolic content and sample S2 showed 0.267 mg/ml phenolic content. Antioxidant activity is higher in sample s5. and it is different in different market samples. Sample 5 stigma posses higher antioxidant activity. Sample S5 showing 14.88% antioxidant activity in 100 mg/ml concentration, 7.26% in 80 mg/ml concentration, 2.23% in 60 mg/ml concentration, 2.21% in 40 mg/ml and 1.01% in 20 mg/ml concentration. Sample S3 showed the lower antioxidant activity in 0.1% in 60 mg/ml concentration and 0.1% in 80 mg/ml. Ascorbic acid standard showing 14.89% in 100 mg/ml concentration, 7.26% in 80 mg/ml concentration, 4.56% in 60 mg/ml concentration, and 3.1% in 40 mg/ml concentration, and 1% in 20 mg/ml concentration. Flavonoid content is different in different samples. It is present highly present in sample s1 and s5. sample s3 do not contain the Flavanoid. The quality of the samples depend on the price values. Conclusion: The authenticity of saffron is an extremely important matter for the industry and for the consumers in view of security and protection,quality assurance, active properties and last but not least, economic impact. Despite the fluctuation in prices in international markets, saffron was and still remains the most expensive spice. The genuine saffron samples possess higher price value. The fake saffron available in the market with lower price value. The quality of the saffron depends upon the price values. These observations would be of immense value in the botanical identification and standardization of the drug in crude form and would help to distinguish the drug from its other spices.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography Quantification of Vitex trifolia Leaves Hydro-alcoholic Extract: Potential Anti-inflammatory Properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Ahmad Tamim Ghafari ◽  
Aisyah Hasyila Jahidin ◽  
Yuslina Zakaria ◽  
Mizaton Hazizul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Hptlc Method

Aims: The present study aims to evaluate the phytochemical composition of Vitex trifolia (V. trifolia) leaves hydro-alcoholic extract and to report for the first time, its phenolic content using a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. Study Design:  Qualitative phytochemical analysis and HTLC densitometric quantitative analysis. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, from March 2020 to December 2020. Methodology:  The preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out qualitatively. The HPTLC analysis was performed on glass-backed 60 F254 silica gel plates using a two steps gradient elution method of the mobile phase. In the first step, methanol was used to develop the plates until 40 mm of developing distance, while in the second step, plates were developed with n-hexane:ethyl acetate:acetic acid (20:9:1, v/v/v) until 80 mm of developing distance. Detection and quantification were performed by densitometric analysis at 254 nm. The method was validated as per the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guideline in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, the limit of detection (LOD), and the limit of quantification (LOQ). Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of V. trifolia leaves hydro-alcoholic extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols, and terpenoids. The developed HPTLC method was proved to be linear, precise, and accurate. The LOD and LOQ of the method were determined to be 2.01 µg/band and 6.08 µg/band, respectively. The total phenolic content of the extract was calculated from the standard gallic acid calibration plot and found to be 136.94 ± 4.02 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of dried extract. Conclusion:  This preliminary study revealed that V. trifolia has a considerable amount of phenolic compounds, which can potentially contribute to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Further pharmacological investigations are being carried out to support the folkloric claims.

Thin-Layer Chromatography

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Bolliger ◽  
M. Brenner ◽  
H. Gänshirt ◽  
Helmut K. Mangold ◽  
H. Seiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Layer Chromatography

THE LESS-POLAR METABOLITES PRODUCED BY INCUBATION OF TESTOSTERONE-4-14C WITH RAT AND BOVINE BRAIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon J. Sholiton ◽  
Emile E. Werk
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Polar Fraction ◽  
End Products ◽  
Polar Metabolites ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Constant Specific Activity

ABSTRACT Rat and bovine brain have been incubated with testosterone-4-14C under standard conditions. With use of paper chromatography, the extracted metabolites were noted to fall into less-polar, iso-polar, and more polar fractions. The components of the less-polar fraction were separated by acetylation and thin-layer chromatography and the major end-products identified by recrystallization to constant specific activity or constant 3H/14C ratios. Androst-4-enedione and 5α-dihydrotestosterone were formed consistently under the conditions utilized. Trace amounts of other less-polar metabolites were noted occasionally.

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