The Temporal Welfare State: The Case of Finland

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT E. GOODIN ◽  
ANTTI PARPO ◽  
OLLI KANGAS
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Child Care Subsidies ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Discretionary Time ◽  
Gender Regime ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
The Impact

Welfare states contribute to people's well-being in many different ways. One way of bringing those contributions under a common metric is in terms of ‘temporal autonomy’: the freedom to spend one's time as one will, outside the necessities of daily life. Using the 1999–2000 Finnish Time Use Survey, we propose ways of operationalising the time that is ‘strictly necessary’ to spend in paid labour, unpaid household labour and personal care; the residual, ‘discretionary time’, represents people's temporal autonomy. We measure the impact on that of Finnish taxes, transfers and child care subsidies. In so doing, we calibrate the contributions of Finland's Nordic welfare regime and of its female-friendly gender regime, in ways that correspond to the lived reality of people's daily lives.

scholarly journals The Temporal Welfare State: A Crossnational Comparison

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES MAHMUD RICE ◽  
ROBERT E. GOODIN ◽  
ANTTI PARPO
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Discretionary Time ◽  
Gender Regimes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Use Surveys

Welfare states contribute to people's well-being in many different ways. Bringing all these contributions under a common metric is tricky. Here we propose doing so through the notion of temporal autonomy: the freedom to spend one's time as one pleases, outside the necessities of everyday life. Using income and time use surveys from five countries (the USA, Australia, Germany, France, and Sweden) that represent the principal types of welfare and gender regimes, we propose ways of operationalising the time that is strictly necessary for people to spend in paid labour, unpaid household labour, and personal care. The time people have at their disposal after taking into account what is strictly necessary in these three arenas – which we christen discretionary time – represents people's temporal autonomy. We measure the impact on this of government taxes, transfers, and childcare subsidies in these five countries. In so doing, we calibrate the contributions of the different welfare and gender regimes that exist in these countries, in ways that correspond to the lived reality of people's daily lives.

The Impact of Terrorism on Individual Well-Being: Evidence from the Boston Marathon Bombing

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (631) ◽  
pp. 2065-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E Clark ◽  
Orla Doyle ◽  
Elena Stancanelli
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Boston Marathon Bombing ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Boston Marathon ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A growing literature has concluded that terrorism affects the economy, yet less is known about its impact on individual welfare. This article estimates the impact of the 2013 Boston marathon bombing on well-being, exploiting representative daily data from the American Time Use Survey and Well-Being Supplement. Using a combined regression discontinuity and differences-in-differences design, with the 2012 Boston marathon as a counterfactual, we find an immediate reduction in well-being of a third of a standard deviation. In particular, happiness declined sharply and negative emotions rose significantly. While the effects do not persist beyond one week, they may entail adverse health and economic consequences.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Barometer: Social Opinion – What Do the Portuguese Think in This Time of COVID-19?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Pedro ◽  
Ana Gama ◽  
Patrícia Soares ◽  
Marta Moniz ◽  
Pedro A. Laires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The People ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Continue Monitoring

The COVID-19 pandemic brought new challenges to the global community, reinforcing the role of public health in society. The main measures to combat it had (and still have) a huge impact on the daily lives of citizens. This investigation aimed to identify and monitor the population’s perceptions about how it faced this period and the impact on health, well-being, and daily life. In this study, we describe the main trends observed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mental health status, confidence in the capacity of the health services to respond to the pandemic, and the use of health services by participants. The online survey collected responses from 171,947 individuals ≥16 years of age in Portugal, over a period of 15 weeks that started on 21 March 2020. Participants could fill the questionnaire once or weekly, which enabled us to analyse trends and variations in responses. Overall, 81% of the respondents reported having felt agitated, anxious, or sad during the COVID-19 pandemic; 19% did not experience these feelings. During the confinement period, the proportion of participants feeling agitated, anxious, or sad every day/almost every day ranged between 20 and 30%, but since the deconfinement this proportion decreased. Around 30% reported having more difficulty getting to sleep or to sleep all night; 28.4% felt more agitated; 25.5% felt sadder, discouraged, or cried more easily; and 24.7% felt unable to do everything they had to do, women more frequently than men. Overall, 65.8% of the participants reported feeling confident or very confident in the health services’ capacity to respond to the challenges associated with the pandemic, and this confidence increased over time. Concerning the people who needed a consultation, 35.6% had one in person and 20.8% had one remotely, but almost 44% did not have one due to cancellation by the service (27.2%) or their own decision not to go (16.3%). At this unusual time in which we find ourselves and based on our findings, it is essential to continue monitoring how the population is facing the different phases of the pandemic until it officially ends. Analysing the effects of the pandemic from the point of view of citizens allows for anticipating critical trends and can contribute to preventative action.

scholarly journals Impact of lockdown and school closure on children in special schools: a single-centre survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000981
Author(s):  
Tapomay Banerjee ◽  
Amjad Khan ◽  
Piriyanga Kesavan
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Special Schools ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Impact

Special schools play a significant role in the daily lives of children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities. We explored the impact of the COVID-19-related first lockdown and resulting school closure by surveying parents whose children attended three special schools in Bedford, UK. We asked about anxiety and impact on emotional well-being and education. We received 53 responses from parents: 31 felt their child was more anxious during the lockdown period/school closure compared with beforehand and 42 felt their child’s emotional well-being had been affected. Children and young people attending special schools may have struggled both academically and emotionally during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Evaluation of Quality of Context Information in U-Health Smart Homes

2012 ◽  
pp. 179-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Bringel Filho ◽  
Nazim Agoulmine
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Quality Of Context ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

Ubiquitous Health (U-Health) smart homes are intelligent spaces capable of observing and correctly recognizing the activities and health statuses of their inhabitants (context) to provide the appropriate support to achieve an overall sense of health and well-being in their inhabitants’ daily lives. With the intrinsic heterogeneity and large number of sources of context information, aggregating and reasoning on low-quality raw sensed data may result in conflicting and erroneous evaluations of situations, affecting directly the reliability of the U-Health systems. In this environment, the evaluation and verification of Quality of Context (QoC) information plays a central role in improving the consistency and correctness of context-aware U-Health applications. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to highlight the impact of QoC on the correct behavior of U-Health systems, and introduce and analyze the existing approaches of modeling, evaluating, and using QoC to improve its context-aware decision-making support.

Help whom and help what? Intergenerational co-residence and the gender differences in time use among dual-earner households in Beijing, China

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2058-2074
Author(s):  
Na Ta ◽  
Zhilin Liu ◽  
Yanwei Chai
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Gendered Patterns ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
The Impact

An extensive literature has documented the conflict between employment and household responsibilities and its impacts on the gendered patterns of daily activities in dual-earner households. However, most studies have focused exclusively on the division of household labour in nuclear households, with insufficient attention paid to the impact of alternative household strategies such as co-residence with extended family members. This article investigates the extent to which the presence of elderly parents shifts gendered activity patterns and even reduces the gender inequality in time use in urban China. By drawing on an activity diary survey conducted in Beijing in 2012, we compare and contrast the gendered patterns in time use between nuclear family households and extended family households. We find that co-residence mitigates the tension between employment and household responsibilities for women and leads to greater gender equality in the division of household labour and a reduced gender gap in the time spent on employment. However, co-residence only enables women to shift their time allocation from household responsibilities to employment rather than to pursue discretionary activities, and therefore its positive role is limited. We further discuss the policy implications given the limitations of intergenerational co-residence as an individual-based solution for childcare and other social services in transitional urban China.

scholarly journals Reliability, Validity, and Variability of the Subjective Well-Being Questions in the 2010 American Time Use Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 1355-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonjoo Lee ◽  
Sandra L. Hofferth ◽  
Sarah M. Flood ◽  
Kimberly Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Time Use Survey
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