Help whom and help what? Intergenerational co-residence and the gender differences in time use among dual-earner households in Beijing, China

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2058-2074
Author(s):  
Na Ta ◽  
Zhilin Liu ◽  
Yanwei Chai
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Gendered Patterns ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
The Impact

An extensive literature has documented the conflict between employment and household responsibilities and its impacts on the gendered patterns of daily activities in dual-earner households. However, most studies have focused exclusively on the division of household labour in nuclear households, with insufficient attention paid to the impact of alternative household strategies such as co-residence with extended family members. This article investigates the extent to which the presence of elderly parents shifts gendered activity patterns and even reduces the gender inequality in time use in urban China. By drawing on an activity diary survey conducted in Beijing in 2012, we compare and contrast the gendered patterns in time use between nuclear family households and extended family households. We find that co-residence mitigates the tension between employment and household responsibilities for women and leads to greater gender equality in the division of household labour and a reduced gender gap in the time spent on employment. However, co-residence only enables women to shift their time allocation from household responsibilities to employment rather than to pursue discretionary activities, and therefore its positive role is limited. We further discuss the policy implications given the limitations of intergenerational co-residence as an individual-based solution for childcare and other social services in transitional urban China.

scholarly journals Migrant Childcare: Transferring the Functions of the Nuclear Family to Extended Families in Sampang Madura

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merlia Indah Prastiwi
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Care Of Elderly ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Additional Income

Madura is a unique, multicultural area comprised of of 4 districts namely Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan, and Sumenep. With a significant amount of poverty in the Madura region, it is not surprising that so many Madurese people have become migrant workers, both raising their social status and providing additional income for their families. In Sampang, which is the location of this study, there are a lot of migrant workers who travel to other countries to make a decent living. The number is not certain in real terms, because there are many among the Sampang community who become illegal migrants. Being a migrant has a significant impact on childcare as while the financial needs of the children are met, their familial life is often less satisfactory as they are left to the care of elderly grandparents or members of the extended family. The lack of hands on parental involvement has contributed to a rise in juvenile delinquency among TKI / TKW children. Using qualitative research, and focusing on Sampang Madura as the largest contributor to the number of migrants throughout Madura, this study aims to determine the transition of nuclear family functions in migrant families and determine the impact arising from this transfer, as well as adaptations by migrant families to minimize the impact of nuclear family function transfer. The importance of further research to study the adaptation strategies of migrant families in managing children, given the increasing number of TKI / TKW who have children Keywords: Migrant Childcare, Sampang, juvenile delinquency

scholarly journals Agriculture À Base D’anacarde Et Formes Traditionnelles De Mobilisation De La Main D’oeuvre Agricole Chez Les Fohobélé Au Centre-Nord De La Côte d'Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Ouattara Nanfouhoro Paul-Kévin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Le système de production agricole des Fohobélé est basé sur une main d’oeuvre provenant principalement de la famille dite élargie et du nabonron qui est une institution sociale destinée à mutualiser la force de travail. A la suite de l’adoption de la culture de l’anacarde, l’économie locale s’est structurée autour d’une économie de plantation en remplacement de l’économie fondée sur la culture de rente qu’est le coton. Le présent article vise d’une part à connaitre l’impact de la culture de l’anacarde sur les structures sociales de mobilisation de la main d’oeuvre agricole des Fohobélé et d’autre part à découvrir les nouvelles stratégies de formation de la force de travail agricole. A travers des entretiens semi-directifs avec les acteurs locaux et des observations de terrain, il ressort de l’étude que l’adoption de cette nouvelle spéculation agricole a déstructuré les formes traditionnelles de la force de travail. La famille traditionnelle s’est éclatée pour laisser la place à des familles nucléaires. Le nabonron, forme d’entraide locale a disparu. La force de travail provient désormais de la famille nucléaire avec un rôle plus accru des femmes, des prestations monétarisées et de l’usage des produits chimiques dans l’agriculture. The Fohobélé agricultural production system is based on a workforce mainly coming from the so-called extended family and the nabonron, which is a social institution intended to pool the labor force. Following the adoption of cashew cultivation, the local economy was structured around a plantation economy to replace the economy based on the cash crop of cotton. This article aims on the one hand to know the impact of cashew cultivation on the social structures of mobilization of the agricultural workforce of the Fohobélé and on the other hand to discover the new strategies of strength training agricultural work. Through semi-structured interviews with local actors and field observations, it emerges from the study that the adoption of this new agricultural speculation has deconstructed the traditional forms of the labor force. The traditional family has split up to make way for nuclear families. The nabonron, a form of local mutual aid, has disappeared. The labor force now comes from the nuclear family with a greater role for women, cash benefits and the use of chemicals in agriculture.

Locking Down Gender Roles? A Time-Use Perspective on Gender Division of Household Labour during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Belgium

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110544
Author(s):  
Theun Pieter van Tienoven ◽  
Joeri Minnen ◽  
Anaïs Glorieux ◽  
Ilse Laurijssen ◽  
Petrus te Braak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Substantial Change

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the division of household labour could continue to lock down or start to break gender roles. Using time-use data of n = 473 individuals collected during the lockdown restrictions in Belgium from March to May 2020, we analyse the gendered division of routine and non-routine household labour in absolute time use and relative shares. We compare against the Belgian time-use data of 2013 for the same time period ( n = 678 individuals). A time-demanding work and living situation associate with an increase in men’s time spent on household labour during the lockdown but not with a change in women’s time use. The gender gap closes in absolute time but not in relative shares of routine and non-routine household labour. The limited impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the gender division of household labour indicates a temporal rather than a substantial change in gender roles.

The Temporal Welfare State: The Case of Finland

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT E. GOODIN ◽  
ANTTI PARPO ◽  
OLLI KANGAS
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Child Care Subsidies ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Discretionary Time ◽  
Gender Regime ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
The Impact

Welfare states contribute to people's well-being in many different ways. One way of bringing those contributions under a common metric is in terms of ‘temporal autonomy’: the freedom to spend one's time as one will, outside the necessities of daily life. Using the 1999–2000 Finnish Time Use Survey, we propose ways of operationalising the time that is ‘strictly necessary’ to spend in paid labour, unpaid household labour and personal care; the residual, ‘discretionary time’, represents people's temporal autonomy. We measure the impact on that of Finnish taxes, transfers and child care subsidies. In so doing, we calibrate the contributions of Finland's Nordic welfare regime and of its female-friendly gender regime, in ways that correspond to the lived reality of people's daily lives.

scholarly journals Public reporting of performance measures in long-term care in Canada: does it make a difference?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Poldrugovac ◽  
J E Amuah ◽  
H Wei-Randall ◽  
P Sidhom ◽  
K Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Public Reporting ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Evidence of the impact of public reporting of healthcare performance on quality improvement is not yet sufficient to draw conclusions with certainty, despite the important policy implications. This study explored the impact of implementing public reporting of performance indicators of long-term care facilities in Canada. The objective was to analyse whether improvements can be observed in performance measures after publication. Methods We considered 16 performance indicators in long-term care in Canada, 8 of which are publicly reported at a facility level, while the other 8 are privately reported. We analysed data from the Continuing Care Reporting System managed by the Canadian Institute for Health Information and based on information collection with RAI-MDS 2.0 © between the fiscal years 2011 and 2018. A multilevel model was developed to analyse time trends, before and after publication, which started in 2015. The analysis was also stratified by key sample characteristics, such as the facilities' jurisdiction, size, urban or rural location and performance prior to publication. Results Data from 1087 long-term care facilities were included. Among the 8 publicly reported indicators, the trend in the period after publication did not change significantly in 5 cases, improved in 2 cases and worsened in 1 case. Among the 8 privately reported indicators, no change was observed in 7, and worsening in 1 indicator. The stratification of the data suggests that for those indicators that were already improving prior to public reporting, there was either no change in trend or there was a decrease in the rate of improvement after publication. For those indicators that showed a worsening trend prior to public reporting, the contrary was observed. Conclusions Our findings suggest public reporting of performance data can support change. The trends of performance indicators prior to publication appear to have an impact on whether further change will occur after publication. Key messages Public reporting is likely one of the factors affecting change in performance in long-term care facilities. Public reporting of performance measures in long-term care facilities may support improvements in particular in cases where improvement was not observed before publication.

scholarly journals Dual MD–MPH Degree Students in the United States: Moving the Medical Workforce Toward Population Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492097842
Author(s):  
Jo Marie Reilly ◽  
Christine M. Plepys ◽  
Michael R. Cousineau
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Master Of Public Health ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Public Health Training ◽  
The Impact

Objective A growing need exists to train physicians in population health to meet the increasing need and demand for physicians with leadership, health data management/metrics, and epidemiology skills to better serve the health of the community. This study examines current trends in students pursuing a dual doctor of medicine (MD)–master of public health (MPH) degree (MD–MPH) in the United States. Methods We conducted an extensive literature review of existing MD–MPH databases to determine characteristics (eg, sex, race/ethnicity, MPH area of study) of this student cohort in 2019. We examined a trend in the MD community to pursue an MPH career, adding additional public health and health care policy training to the MD workforce. We conducted targeted telephone interviews with 20 admissions personnel and faculty at schools offering MD–MPH degrees in the United States with the highest number of matriculants and graduates. Interviews focused on curricula trends in medical schools that offer an MD–MPH degree. Results No literature describes the US MD–MPH cohort, and available MD–MPH databases are limited and incomplete. We found a 434% increase in the number of students pursuing an MD–MPH degree from 2010 to 2018. The rate of growth was greater than the increase in either the number of medical students (16%) or the number of MPH students (65%) alone. Moreover, MD–MPH students as a percentage of total MPH students more than tripled, from 1.1% in 2010 to 3.6% in 2018. Conclusions As more MD students pursue public health training, the impact of an MPH degree on medical school curricula, MD–MPH graduates, and MD–MPH career pursuits should be studied using accurate and comprehensive databases.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Amendment of Taiwan’s Certified Public Accountant Act in 2007 on Large Accounting Firms

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1229
Author(s):  
Chung-Cheng Yang ◽  
Jianxiong Chen ◽  
Wen-Chi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implications ◽  
Certified Public Accountant ◽  
Accounting Firms ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
Audit Firms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
Revenue Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Accountant

Taiwan’s Financial Supervisory Commission of the Executive Yuan promulgated the fully amended Certified Public Accountant Act in 2007, which directly led to significant changes in accounting law. From the perspective of the economic theory of law, this study investigates the amendment of the Certified Public Accountant Act resulting in an increase or decrease in the overall revenue and different revenue shares of accounting firms, and puts forward measures that should be taken by accounting firms and stakeholders. We focus on large accounting firms and divide the sample period into before and after 2008. This study uses the translog revenue function and revenue share functions of the public accounting industry, and based on the 1989–2017 Survey Report of Audit Firms in Taiwan, and we find that the amendment of the Certified Public Accountant Act has had a positive effect on overall revenue, increasing overall revenue and the overall management advisory services shares, and in reducing the overall accounting and auditing shares and tax services shares of large accounting firms. Additional analyses provide regulators with public policy implications and provide accounting firms with managerial information.

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