scholarly journals Refugees in the UK Labour Market: The Conflict between Economic Integration and Policy-led Labour Market Restriction

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALICE BLOCH
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
English Language ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Language Fluency ◽  
Integration Strategy ◽  
Secondary Sector ◽  
Market Restriction ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
The Uk

This article draws on data from a survey of 400 refugees and shows low levels of labour market activity. The minority of refugees who are working are in secondary sector jobs with little opportunity for progression. Moreover, refugees with high levels of skills who are working are not in jobs commensurate with their skills and qualifications. The article examines the human capacity and personal characteristics that have an impact on refugee employment, and finds the greatest difference in employment is between men and women, although English language fluency and training are also very important. Employment is a major part of the refugee integration strategy, and employment initiatives focus on capacity-building rather than discrimination or reversing restrictive policies. The article concludes that strategies need to focus on individual employability as well as measures to overcome personal and structural barriers to the labour market.

scholarly journals Taux de roulement et permanence de l’emploi dans l’industrie canadienne

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Jenness
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Income Support ◽  
New Employees ◽  
New Employee ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
Short Time

Abstract This study poses the question: "How long will the average new employee likely stay with his employer? This question has considerable relevance to the study of labour market activity, and to the obverse question: "How likely will a person, once employed, be unemployed again?" This paper explores the relevance of the tenure question on a number of fronts, and then develops a simple model for estimating the expected tenure of workers joining specific industries in Canada. Although the findings are based on somewhat dated statistics and lack a vector related to age, sex and other personal characteristics, they nonetheless confirm within reasonable degrees of confidence that the average new employee will remain with his employer a remarkably short time—less than two years in most industries and only a few months in some others. They suggest that employers are wise to defer costly training, pension and other non-wage expenditures until their new employees have built up some attachment to the firm. By the same token they affirm the usefulness of public income support programs to tide those who are laid off or quit through the transition to their next job, and for public retraining and mobility facilities to make the investments in human skills and allocation that employers will not.

scholarly journals Some Challenges in Using Computer-Aided Translation Tools to Facilitate Second Language Fluency in Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Dianne Excell
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Academic English ◽  
Language Fluency ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Translation Tools ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Academic Fluency

At every level of education, from early years to postgraduate, students can arrive in the UK (or US) classroom with little or no English language ability. It is impossible for teachers to have knowledge of every first language that students bring into the classroom and thus they may rely on a computer-aided translation tool so that their students can have access to the English needed in all subjects across the curriculum. At the same time, students need to move from basic English skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing towards the subtleties of academic English which they must achieve in order to reach the UK government’s required standards in English at every level of assessment. Using her extensive knowledge of the challenges that students learning English as an Additional Language (EAL) and their teachers face in the classroom situation and the English needed in assessments, the author examines possible benefits of computer-aided translation tools such as Google Translate and Talking Pen and outlines some of the problems and drawbacks with such tools that create barriers to acquiring full academic fluency, thus posing challenges to future translation tool developers.

The next generation: Experiences of higher educated Turkish-Dutch on The Hague labour market

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-217
Author(s):  
Karijn G. Nijhoff
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Education System ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Market Positioning ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dutch City

This paper explores the relationship between education and labour market positioning in The Hague, a Dutch city with a unique labour market. One of the main minority groups, Turkish-Dutch, is the focus in this qualitative study on higher educated minorities and their labour market success. Interviews reveal that the obstacles the respondents face are linked to discrimination and network limitation. The respondents perceive “personal characteristics” as the most important tool to overcoming the obstacles. Education does not only increase their professional skills, but also widens their networks. The Dutch education system facilitates the chances of minorities in higher education through the “layering” of degrees. 

scholarly journals Granger Causal Nexus between Good Public Governance and Unemployment: Evidence from Cross-Country Panel Data Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Cristina Boţa-Avram ◽  
Adrian Groşanu ◽  
Paula-Ramona Răchişan ◽  
Sorin Romulus Berinde
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Data Investigation ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
Causal Nexus ◽  
Total Labour

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causality between good public governance captured through six World Bank governance indicators and unemployment rate (unemployment as % of the total labour force) as a clear indicator of labour market performance. Although some previous papers have empirically demonstrated the casual nexus between country-level governance and economic development, this study investigates the relation of causality between public governance and the labour market. By employing Granger non-causality tests, we tested two hypotheses with regard to this nexus. We argue that bidirectional Granger causality is predominant for the relation of country-level governance and unemployment. Finally, our paper offers a complex quantitative analysis of the causal nexus between public governance quality and one of the most known labour market activity indicators for an extended panel dataset of countries worldwide for 10 years.

scholarly journals Communication and language skills pay off, but not everybody needs them

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Balcar ◽  
Lucie Dokoupilová
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
English Language ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Job Requirements ◽  
Wage Returns ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Basic Level

Abstract The importance of communication skills is increasing on the labour market and a further strengthening of this trend is expected due to Industry 4.0. This development will have significant consequences for individuals’ employability, requirements on educational outcomes and gender equality. This article employs data from a representative survey of Czech employees (N = 1,500) replenished with information on requirements on their communication skills (Effective communication, Czech language and English language) in order to explore (a) the distribution of communication skills requirements on the labour market, (b) personal and job characteristics related to work positions requiring highly developed communication skills, and (c) wage returns to these skills. The results show that one standard deviation increase in job requirements on communication skills is connected with 5.8% wage premium. However, not everybody needs well-developed communication skills. Only a quarter of employees needs highly developed effective communication, Czech and English languages, while there is also a quarter of employees that needs only a very basic level of communication skills. The results also revealed that females perform more communication-intensive occupations than males do. Cognitive skills and the need to excel represent other significant factors correlated with higher job requirements on communication skills.

scholarly journals Bodies and desires on the internet: An approach to trans women sex workers’ websites

Sexualities ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 224-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julieta Vartabedian
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Trans Women ◽  
The Uk

Most literature on prostitution centres exclusively on street and female sex workers. Considering the lack of inclusion of trans sex workers within research agendas and public policies, in this article I analyse websites where trans women offer their services in Portugal and the UK. I examine the way trans women escorts present themselves to potential clients through detailed descriptions of their bodies’ sizes, physical attributes, personal characteristics and lovemaking skills, and how they negotiate gender, nationality, race, ethnicity and sexuality in relation to the cultural and socio-economic demands of the market. An intersectional framework provides the critical perspective from which to consider how certain trans narratives are displayed through these online advertisements while decentring hegemonic notions (mainly, white and middle class) of representing trans experiences. This exploratory research aims to better understand the online trans sex industry as a place of empowerment where ‘beautiful’ trans escorts can strategically position themselves in order to succeed in a competitive market and, simultaneously, lay claim for a certain degree of (finite) recognition.

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