A Review of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education in India

It is evidenced that country which has a large number of the educated and skilled labour force has a higher potential to lead others in economic development. So, it can be said that the education increases the productivity of the population in general and of the labour force in particular, leading to increase in individual earnings or wages and as a result, contributing to economic growth. Secondary and higher secondary educated population as a labour force are trainable and adjusted as the requirements of the world-wide market. Secondary education now is the single largest provider of working people in all spheres of national productivity. This paper highlights the growth of secondary and higher secondary education of the country and examines the current problems and challenges related to secondary educational system in India. It has been found that the total number of students enrolled in and gross enrolment ratio of secondary education and higher secondary education reflect increasing trends over the period. It is found that there has been an improvement in gender parity, particularly at concerned education level shown by GPI. Although, the progress has been made in the secondary and higher secondary sector of education, the rate of progress does not correspond with the pace of requirement.

Capture Fishery Resources of Citanduy River, West Java

Citanduy river is one of the priority watersheds in West Java. Information on capture fisheries resources in Citanduy, however, river is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the information of capture fisheries resources in that river. The method used in this study was a survey method, by collecting data in the field, and then analyzed it in the laboratory. This research was conducted in 2018. Samples of fish were collected through the active participation of fishers with various types of fishing gear. The identification of fish and fishing gear used some references. Some fish caught were preserved in formalin solution and identified. The dominant catch in Citanduy River is Mystacoleucus marginatus and Cyprinus carpio. Other economic fishes catch in Citanduy river are Oreochromis niloticus, Osteochilus vittatus, O. mossambicus, Trichogaster trichopterus, Hemibragus nemurus, Hampala macrolepidota, Channa striata, Moolgarda seheli, and Glossogobius giurus. The fishing gears used by fishers are hooks and lines, cast nets, scope nets, traps, and gill nets. The inland capture fishery in Citanduy river is still a secondary sector for the interests of local government.The current condition of capture fisheries in Citanduy is not the main livelihood for fishers. The inland capture fisheries in Citanduy is still using a simple fishing gear and do not have more complex tools. Citanduy river has potential source of economic and protein food, particularly for local community. Regarding in these potential, management of environment could be the major domains in fisheries management. The policy of local government in handling non-selective fishing gear and restocking activity could be maintain the sustainable fish resources in Citanduy river.

Does intellectual capital drive firm performance? Data from secondary sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

This research aims to determine the effects of Intellectual Capital, Leverage, and Liquidity on Firm Performance. Sample are secondary sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and used panel data regression for analysis; this research found that Intellectual Capital and Liquidity had a significant positive effect on Firm Performance, and Leverage did not have a considerable impact.

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN INNOVATIVE AND STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMY

The article substantiates the role of artificial intelligence in procuring the management of innovation and structural transformation of the economy. The analysis of structural shifts in gross value added in the economy of Ukraine during 2002–2019 is carried out. Solow’s residuals are calculated for the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. The expediency of managing the innovative and structural transformation of Ukraine's economy on the basis of changes in the level of Solow's residual in that sector and in the period of time determined by big data analysis by artificial intelligence is proved. A VAR model was built in the EViews environment for Solow’s residuals in three sectors of the Ukrainian economy. Based on variance decomposition and IRF, it is established that increasing the share of intermediate consumption by the secondary sector of education, ICT, professional, scientific and technical services will increase Solow's residual in the secondary sector in two years, in the tertiary sector in three years and in the primary sector in four years, which will affect the increase in output in Ukraine during these three years.

Continued growth, increasing complexity: Examining the evolving role of the Canadian educational developer

The improvement of teaching and learning in the Canadian post-secondary sector has grown in importance over the past fifty years as seen by the rise of the field of educational development. Educational Developers (EDs) can now be found at almost every publicly-funded college and university in the country and are increasingly integral to institutions of higher learning. However, as EDs engage in such a variety of multi-level support, it is difficult to precisely define their role. This paper will examine the role of the Canadian ED and how it has grown in complexity through an overview of the field of Canadian educational development, environmental influences on EDs, how their work is enacted, current challenges, as well as present and future directions of the role. A greater understanding of EDs will enable institutions to make effective use of these individuals, and to offer them the tailored support they require to excel.

A Review of the Literature on the Role of Social Capital in Tourism Growth

To improve people's welfare, economic growth has always focused on the development of the secondary sector. The secondary sector, on the other hand, has not fully provided for the community's needs. This is due to the community's current social capital being underutilized. One of the main drivers of tourism development is social capital. Social capital is a driving force at various stages and is regarded as an important mechanism in the success of tourism planning and development. It can also be used to encourage tourism development in urban areas in order to create sustainable tourism. Social capital is the capacity to understand how a community builds, understands, and participates in tourism growth. Communities with high social capital can present better conditions for tourism growth, and community development focus on tourism can be an important element in the regional economy's continuity and growth. The development of social capital studies in tourism growth should be visualized for a more subjective analysis. In order to collect data in this study, PoP software was in use. The existing database is then processed with the VOS Viewer software. This software collects and analyzes all of the keywords in the abstract one by one. VOS Viewer identified some of the most frequently discussed keywords in 53 journals related to social capital in tourism, including tourism, tourism development, relationship, and social capital.

The Role of the Secondary Sector in Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia

The relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction, although well established, is heterogeneous. The heterogeneity stems not only from socio-economic factors but also from the structure of output growth. In Indonesia, the secondary sector seems to be less poverty-reducing than other sectors. This study examines the impact of sectoral growth on poverty in Indonesia, with particular attention to the disaggregated secondary sector, and also analyzes the relative sensitivities of poverty reduction to the labor-intensive and non-labor-intensive sectors. The empirical analysis uses provincial panel data on Indonesia for the period 2003–2018 and employs the pooled OLS method. The results show that sectoral growth has little effect on improving the condition of the poor in Indonesia. Nevertheless, this conclusion has a high potential to be inappropriate. Perhaps a better conclusion on the linkage between sectoral growth and poverty can be drawn if the characteristics of mining-driven and nonmining-driven provinces in Indonesia are taken into account. In nonmining-driven provinces, the secondary sector pales in comparison to services in alleviating poverty. Six-sector disaggregation of the economy (with or without controlling for the distributional effect through labor intensity) reveals that, within the secondary sector, the subsectors that significantly reduce poverty in nonmining-driven provinces are mining and construction. Mining-driven provinces, however, do not display a linkage between sectoral growth and poverty. The significant role of labor intensity in determining whether sectoral growth is pro-poor suggests that adopting policies that lean toward discouraging businesses from employing labor is inadvisable.

Occupational Categorization of female Work Force in Kashmir Himalayas, India

Occupational classification has been a subject of many experiments. From the definition of a worker to their attribution to a particular category of occupation. Multiple attempts have been made in understanding and explaining the same. The present paper attempts to take the case of female workforce and delves into the subject of categorizing their prevalence across the Kashmir valley (geographic unit), which by and large corresponds to Kashmir Division (administrative unit) in a comprehensible manner. The researcher adopts the Standard deviation method to do so. Using the standard deviations observed for each occupational category, the researcher proposes a rank table visualizing the target area employing a standard deviation-based occupational coding. Based on the rank table it is observed that amongst the female workforce the primary sector is dominant in Ganderbal and Kulgam districts, secondary sector in Shopian, Pulwama and Kulgam, tertiary sector in Srinagar and Budgam and the Quaternary/Quinary sectors in Srinagar, Anantnag and Pulwama districts. The standard deviation method adopted in this paper has led to a satisfactory representation of the occupational distribution observed in the sample area. The occupational coding of the target districts using this method not only makes it easier to visualize the occupational trends but also gives us a clear sense of variation (positive and negative) amongst these categories across the districts.

Intensity of Poverty and Work Diversification: A Study of Female Domestic Workers’ Household

It is now a recognized fact that the earning from a single source does not provide a sufficient means of survival for a majority of poor households in developing countries. Accordingly, most of the poor households depend on a diverse portfolio of activities and income sources. This study is based on a primary survey of 334 female domestic workers in the district of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India from January to June 2016. The results of intensity of poverty show that 49% of these households are multi-dimensionally poor with 36.4% intensity of poverty. The severity and acuteness of deprivation is addressed by diversification into non-agricultural employment. The wage of the female domestic worker is not only an important determinant of livelihood strategy it is also a motivating factor for diversification. Large sections of the male workforce diversify into various non-farm activities such as manufacturing and construction in the secondary sector or hotel and restaurant, transport and so on in the services sector. Our findings reveal that diversification into non-farm informal sector is a vital option for livelihood sustenance irrespective of landless or land poor households. JEL Codes: J160, J460, J310, R23

Comparison of Economic Sector Performance and Its Impact on Poverty in Gorontalo Province and North Sulawesi Province

This study aims to identify and analyze the performance of the economic sector on poverty in 2013-2017. The variables in this study are poverty as the dependent variable, and primary sector economic growth, secondary sector economic growth, and tertiary sector economic growth as independent variables. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from BPS (Central Statistics Agency) Gorontalo Province and North Sulawesi Province. The analysis method used is panel data regression with a fixed effect model approach. In processing the data, the author uses the help of E-views 9 software. Based on the estimation results, it is found that the primary sector economic growth has a positive effect on poverty in Gorontalo Province. Meanwhile, the primary sector has a negative effect in North Sulawesi Province. Secondary sector economic growth has a negative effect on poverty in Gorontalo Province. Meanwhile, the secondary sector economic growth has a positive effect in North Sulawesi Province. Tertiary sector growth has a positive effect on poverty in Gorontalo Province. Meanwhile, the tertiary sector has a positive effect in North Sulawesi Province. Keywords: Poverty; Sectoral Economic Growth