Disability and Employment Policy in Canada: National Policy Variation for Working Age Individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
SHANNON DINAN ◽  
NORMAND BOUCHER
Keyword(s):  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Policy Variation

Abstract This article analyses and compares disability policies for working-age individuals in Canada with a focus on the mode of policy provision and type of measure to determine the degree to which direct funding is used in this country. To consider policy diversity in this federal system, policies are compared using a mixed-methods approach. Using quantitative methods, federal, provincial and territorial policies are first compared using hierarchical cluster analysis. This provides evidence of three distinct clusters in Canada according to policy provision and measure type. In a second, qualitative analysis, the disability strategies of four provinces’ (British Columbia, Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec) are compared, to determine over arching policy orientations. Findings indicate that policy provision in Canada largely favours money over services. Furthermore, most provinces emphasize either health or integration measures over substantive measures. Despite these commonalities, significant variation persists across Canada. This extends to poverty and disability reduction strategies with two of the four provinces having a broader orientation while the other two provinces focus specifically on employment as a means of social inclusion. The article concludes with a discussion on the state of employment policies for individuals with a disability in Canada.

scholarly journals The potential for person-centred planning to support the community participation of adults with an intellectual disability

2021 ◽  
pp. 174462952110221
Author(s):  
Darren McCausland ◽  
Esther Murphy ◽  
Mary McCarron ◽  
Philip McCallion
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Qualitative Case Studies ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Person-centred planning (PCP) puts individuals with an intellectual disability at the centre of service and support planning, identifying how individuals wish to live their lives and what is needed to make that possible. PCP has been identified as having the potential to facilitate improved social inclusion and community participation. A mixed-methods approach combined quantitative analyses with qualitative case studies of individuals with severe-profound intellectual disability to assess the impact of PCP on community participation for adults with an intellectual disability at a disability service in Dublin. We conclude that PCP may provide a good basis to plan community participation and, with the right supports in place, may provide opportunities for people with complex needs to improve their community participation. Supports including familiar staff and family are critical to the success of PCP for people with complex needs, and their absence may undermine the best intentions of PCP for this population.

A Generative Sequential Mixed Methods Approach Using Quantitative Measures to Enhance Social Constructionist Inquiry

2021 ◽  
pp. 155868982098627
Author(s):  
Diego Romaioli
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods

In order to enhance core mixed methods research designs, social scientists need an approach that incorporates developments in the social constructionist perspective. This work describes a study that aimed to promote occupational well-being in hospital departments where employees are at risk of burnout, based on a constructionist inquiry developed starting from the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Taking this study as an example, we define a “generative sequential mixed methods approach” as a process that involves consulting quantitative studies to identify criticalities on which to conduct focused, transformative investigations. The article contributes by envisaging ways to mix qualitative and quantitative methods that consider a “generative” and “future-forming” orientation to research, in line with recent shifts in social psychology.

Disappointing poverty trends: is the social investment state to blame?

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Vandenbroucke ◽  
Koen Vleminckx
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
The Eu

Should we explain the disappointing outcomes of the Open Method of Co-ordination on Inclusion by methodological weaknesses or by substantive contradictions in the ‘social investment’ paradigm? To clarify the underlying concepts, we first revisit the original ‘Lisbon inspiration’ and then relate it to the idea of the ‘new welfare state’, as proposed in the literature on new risks in post-industrial societies. We then discuss two explanations for disappointing poverty trends, suggested by critical accounts of the ‘social investment state’: ‘resource competition’ and a ‘re-commodification’. We do not find these explanations convincing per se and conclude that the jury is still out on the ‘social investment state’. However, policy-makers cannot ignore the failure of employment policies to reduce the proportion of children and working-age adults living in jobless households in the EU, and they should not deny the reality of a ‘trilemma of activation’. Finally, we identify policy conditions that may facilitate the complementarity of social investment and social inclusion.

Theory and method in the study of poverty in east Africa

Focaal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (45) ◽  
pp. 56-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Context Specific

This article explores the relation between theory and method in three methodologically innovative studies of rural poverty. The issue is pertinent because the nature of research on poverty has shifted from small-scale qualitative studies to large surveys, and to national-scale studies that combine qualitative and quantitative methods in an effort to inform policy makers on appropriate poverty reduction strategies. The interest in combined methods holds considerable promise for poverty research because it links a search for 'objective' economic concerns to the analysis of 'subjective' and context-specific issues. It is instructive to examine recent studies of poverty that have pursued different theoretical and methodological choices with a view to understand how 'theory' influenced methodological choices, and whether and how such choices influenced their understanding of poverty.

scholarly journals Choice in mental health: myths and possibilities

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koravangattu Menon Valsraj ◽  
Nichola Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Healthcare Model ◽  
The Government

The government in England and Wales is promoting policies and initiatives to offer patients choice across all healthcare specialties. This has raised concerns in mental healthcare, particularly if the physical healthcare model of implementation is imposed. However, the ‘choice agenda’ is an opportunity for mental health services to be innovative and act as beacons to other disciplines in healthcare. The south-east London programme introducing choice in mental health services is offered as an example here. There already exists an ‘ethos of choice’ within mental health services, but current practices may require a focused approach and structuring to fit in with national policy. This also might be necessary to influence policy makers to take a different perspective on choice in mental health. The principle of choice goes hand in hand with the drive towards greater social inclusion for people with mental health problems.

An English perspective on policy for adults with autism

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane McCarthy ◽  
Eddie Chaplin ◽  
Lisa Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public Services ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Awareness Training ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Models ◽  
Key Policy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of English policy and legislation which impacts on the health outcomes and social inclusion for adults with autism. Design/methodology/approach – A descriptive review of national policy for England was undertaken using key internet search engines such as Google. Findings – In spite of innovative legislation and policy relating to autism across England, there are still wide discrepancies in both service models and provision relating to autism. More work is required to communicate what autism services should look like along with greater awareness training for professionals working with adults with autism to ensure reasonable adjustments are occurring across public services. Originality/value – This paper outlines current key policy and legislation in England relating to autism.

scholarly journals Evaluation of policies for regional development: Unifesspa actions for social inclusion and empowerment in Pará Amazônia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Gonçalves Gumiero ◽  
Ana Maria Lopes Tigre
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Budget Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The purpose of this article is to compare the actions of UNIFESSPA for the territorial development of the municipalities in their campuses. The second objective is to present the budget management trajectory in the years 2015 to 2020 in the institution, as a source to subsidize the actions of its provinces. Methodology: Institutional documents were analyzed, National Policy for Regional Development (NPRD), 2005, the Institutional Development Plan of UNIFESSPA 2014-2020 and the Management Reports 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, and the Budget Management Plans of 2019 and 2020. Results: The resource framework of UNIFESSPA in the years 2015 to 2020 corroborates to measure the growth of the institution, however, there was a continuous fall in resources from the federal government, via the Ministry of Education, which can hinder the strengthening of the university's actions. Limitation or implication of the research: The main limitation is related to obtaining the new version of the Institutional Development Plan for the next quadrennium, 2020-2024. Originality: Present the relationship between (NPRD) and the Federal Government's Program to Support Plans for Restructuring and Expansion of Brazilian Federal Universities, delimited by the case of UNIFESSPA in Southern Pará, from 2013 to 2020.

scholarly journals Creative economy and knowledge-based society. Perspectives for Romania

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 532-538
Author(s):  
Laura Gabriela Istudor
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
International Trends

Abstract Creative economy is a rather new concept that started developing during the last decade, being currently applied to a variety of activities and professions. It has become an important sector of the global economy, being sustained and promoted by the European Union, especially in the context of an innovative and knowledge-based society. Within this new type of economy, creativity, innovation and knowledge management are essential factors that lead to a smart, sustainable and inclusive development in regard to the creation of new jobs and to the social inclusion requirements. According to John Howkins (2001), the creative industries / sectors include art, research, advertising, movies, theatre, software, with the possibility of the concept of creative economy to be extended to other non-artistic and IT related fields, where improvements are expected to arise through innovation and creativity. The Global Creativity Index (GCI) and the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS), are two benchmarking tools that measure the creativity and innovation degree of the countries in the European Union, placing Romania within the last positions, especially with respect to intellectual property rights and entrepreneurship. The research methodology consists of both qualitative and quantitative methods, while the research questions to be answered are What is the degree of innovation in Romania compared to other states? What can be done in order to increase the level of innovation in Romania? In this viewpoint, the paper analyzes the development of the creative industries / sectors in Romania, in the context of creative economy and innovation. The objective of the paper is to analyze the extent to which the concept of creative economy can be promoted and implemented in Romania, given its increasing importance at the international level, with countries such as the United Kingdom that already adopted strategies to sustain this kind of economy in the past years. In order to reach the above mentioned objective, the paper has been structured by starting with a brief literature review on the topic, followed by some best practice examples in order to have an overview of the international trends in the field. It includes as well the main challenges for the implementation of the concept of creative economy in Romania, accompanied by a set of conclusions and recommendations.

scholarly journals A critical exploration of professional perceptions of harm reduction policy and practice in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tuan Dung Truong
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Reduction Strategies

<p>Throughout the 1990s, Vietnam experienced a dramatic rise in the prevalence of HIV among people who use drugs. In response, Vietnam’s Ministry of Health implemented several legal and policy interventions in the name of harm reduction. However, perceptions about drug use, people who use drugs, addiction and the nature of official interventions are contested. For many Vietnamese officials, abstinence remains the dominant philosophy. Drug use is considered a ‘social evil’ in Vietnam and people who use drugs face draconian controls and incarceration in the name of treatment and crime prevention.  Against this background, this thesis explores how key stakeholders perceive harm reduction philosophy and how they apply it in policy and practice. Based on qualitative and quantitative methods, it presents findings from a survey with 250 respondents and 26 semi-structured interviews, all with professionals involved in responding to drug use in Vietnam. The thesis illustrates that these professionals prefer abstinence approaches, and often see addiction as the result of moral failings and brain diseases.  While some interventions in the name of harm reduction are accepted, they are firmly rooted within a narrow public health perspective. Professional misperceptions about the key principles and practices of ‘authentic’ harm reduction are widespread. Many professionals believe, for example, that harms can only be limited through reductions in the demand and supply of drugs, or that detaining people who use drugs in compulsory treatment centres is a form of harm reduction.  These rationales have resulted in continuing police crackdowns, and the use of ‘pseudo’ harm reduction strategies to control and punish people who use drugs. Meanwhile, there are limited official attempts to address problems experienced by people who use drugs, like social isolation, stigma, discrimination, human rights violations, or problems of community reintegration. In conclusion, while a harm reduction rhetoric is regularly employed in Vietnam, ‘pseudo’ harm reduction strategies are carried out.</p>

scholarly journals Welcoming communities and immigrant integration in Newfoundland and Labrador

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Clark
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Immigration Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The City

The term 'welcoming community' has arisen within the field of immigration studies as a concept that seeks to address ways in which communities welcome and integrate immigrants. This paper explores the concept of a welcoming community and its impact on the social integration of immigrants to smaller centres, specifically to the City of St. John's in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, using a social inclusion framework. Through an examination of the integration policies and programs undertaken in the Province and how immigrants interact with these services. I find the elements of a welcoming community exist in St. John's and that immigrants' frequency and intensity of contact with institutions that directly support settlement is high in St. John's. However, it is premature to conclude, given the recent implementation of the immigration policy in the Province and low numbers of contacts made with other institutions, that St. John's is a welcoming community and that this translates into successful social integration.

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