scholarly journals II.—Excavations at Sparta, 1906: § 2.—The City Wall

1906 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 284-288
Author(s):  
A.J.B. Wace
Keyword(s):  
Normal Type ◽  
The South ◽  
City Wall ◽  
River Bank ◽  
General Plan ◽  
The City

From the 3rd till the 26th of May a series of trial excavations was made along the river bank, north of the precinct of Artemis Orthia. These resulted in the discovery of the Greek wall of the city and of traces of an, at present, nameless Heroön close to it. The following description begins from the south. (General Plan, Pl. VII.)The part of the wall found south-east of the Artemisium is, as far as it has at present been uncovered, of a normal type (Plate VII.). It is three metres thick, built of hewn limestone blocks laid in courses with irregular jointing. Not more than two courses are preserved, and they rest on a foundation of small stones and rough blocks. Most remarkable is the deep drain running out through the wall, which here comes obliquely from the cliff to the south, between the Roman building and the river. Where the Eurotas has eaten into the bank and destroyed part of the Roman arena, the wall also has been carried away. On the cliff (General Plan, O 16) a few trial pits produced one tile-stamp (of type 17, see p. 348), and revealed a long block of hewn rock, but the line of the fortification has still to be found here.

scholarly journals II.—Excavations at Sparta, 1906: § 4.—The Great Altar near the Eurotas

1906 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
Guy Dickins
Keyword(s):  
Large Structure ◽  
The South ◽  
City Wall ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Sharp Bend ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
South West ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

About 100 metres south-east of the new bridge over the Eurotas a line of large blocks can be seen in the right bank of the river running out into its bed. These are the remains of the city-wall, which originally must have made a sharp bend to the south-west, as it reappears in the field of the Heroön. But this angle, and the land which it enclosed, have been carried away by a change in the course of the river. Close to the northern arm of the angle, and abutting on the present river-bank, lies the large structure illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. Its eastern front has long been visible, but seems to have escaped the observation of travellers. Excavation revealed at a depth of 0·70 m. below the present surface, a great platform 23·60 m. long by 6·60 m. wide and 1·90 m. high. There are four foundation courses, averaging 0·34 m. in height, of a softish crumbly stone, and a sillcourse 0·55 m. high, projecting 0·10 m. beyond the foundations. This sillcourse consists of squared and dressed blocks, which extend all round the building with a uniform breadth of 0·90 m., and vary from 1·60 m. to 2·50 m. in length. Their surface is carefully smoothed, leaving an edge on the outside, raised 0·003 m. and 0·07 to 0·08 m. wide. This careful finish, combined with the regularity of the foundation-courses, and the absence of all trace of bonding-mortar, suggests Hellenic workmanship.

scholarly journals I.—Excavations At Sparta, 1907: § 2.—The City Wall

1907 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. B. Wace
Keyword(s):  
City Wall ◽  
River Bank ◽  
General Plan ◽  
O 15 ◽  
The City

One object of the excavations of 1907 was to attempt to determine the course of the city wall, so as to fix the limits within which the buildings mentioned by Pausanias were probably situated. In addition to the part traced by excavation in 1906 along the river bank (General Plan, O 15, 14, P 13, (Pl. I.)) I had observed in other places remains of Greek masonry and other indications which possibly belonged to the city wall. These were accordingly examined by excavation, and with the results thus obtained and the assistance of the stamped tiles which were found in great numbers at one or two points, it has been possible to determine approximately the line of the city wall, and consequently the extent of ancient Sparta.

scholarly journals I.—Excavations At Sparta, 1907: § 3.—The Stamped Tiles

1907 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 17-43
Author(s):  
A. J. B. Wace
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
City Wall ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
General Plan ◽  
The City

As was expected, the excavations of 1907 yielded even more stamped tiles than the first campaign. They were found in quantities all along the line of the city wall, especially at Klaraki, and on the south-eastern hill (General Plan, L 19). The sanctuaries of Athena Chalkioikos and Artemis Orthia also produced a great many. The total number approaches five hundred. Many of these give us entirely new and interesting inscriptions, and others help to correct and complete the reading of imperfect specimens found before. For the sake of convenience the numbering of the types given in last year's report has been followed and extended. As this report is a continuation of the previous one, I have not thought it necessary to repeat all the comparisons with tile stamps from other sites which are there referred to.

Euesperides (Benghazi): Preliminary report on the Spring 2002 season

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 85-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wilson ◽  
Paul Bennett ◽  
Ahmed Buzaian ◽  
Ted Buttrey ◽  
Kristian Göransson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
The South ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Transport Amphorae ◽  
The City ◽  
Courtyard House

AbstractThe fourth season of the current project at Euesperides (Benghazi) took place in Spring 2002. Excavations continued in Areas P, Q and R, accompanied by limited augering work to determine the limits of surviving archaeology to the south of the Sidi Abeid mound. Excavations in Area P revealed part of a courtyard house from the penultimate phase of the site, with a probableandronandgunaikon. Its destruction is dated to after 261 BC. In Area Q work concentrated on the dismantling of street deposits and associated flanking houses from the later phases of the city's life; a soakaway drainage feature under the street was also investigated. The sequence of city wall circuits and their post-abandonment robbing was clarified. In Area R excavations established the structure of the mound of deposits deriving from the production of purple dye fromMurex trunculusshellfish, and its relationship to the robbed-out walls of the courtyard building within which this activity occurred. The processing of ceramic finds underlines the active trading contacts enjoyed by Euesperides, with most of the fine pottery and a fifth of the coarse pottery being imported from overseas, and transport amphorae ranging in origin from the Straits of Gibraltar to the northern Aegean. The coin finds confirm that the city was abandoned after the death of Magas (258/250 BC); and it appears that the Herakles types, common at the site, were minted there under Thibron (323–322/322 BC).

Excavations at Carthage 1974: First Interim Report

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
The South ◽  
City Wall ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
Harbour Area

SummaryIn the first season of excavation by a British team participating in the UNESCO Save Carthage Project, two sites in the harbour area and one inland were examined. On the site on the island in the circular harbour, the remains probably of the νεώρια described by Appian succeeded earlier Punic occupation periods and were in turn followed by two successive Roman temples and a building, probably a pharos, associated with the second temple. After this, there appears to have been domestic or commercial occupation in the fifth and sixth centuries A.D. On the north shore of the circular harbour, remains of the late Roman quayside and associated streets and buildings were found. On the inland site, situated to the south of the Roman street grid, there were the remains of third–fifth-century and fifth–sixth-century buildings fronting a street and backed by a substantial wall identified as the city wall constructed in the reign of Theodosius II.

Roman York: Excavations of 1925

1925 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-194
Author(s):  
S. N. Miller
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
City Wall ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Future ◽  
Internal Angle ◽  
The City

In the course of last summer the York Roman Excavations Committee invited me to direct some excavations at the east corner of the Roman fortress as a preliminary to more extensive work in the future. It was supposed that the remains of a bastion—similar to the Multangular Tower in the Museum Gardens—might be found under the mound upon which the city wall is built. Before exploring that possibility, however, we decided (1) to see what evidence would be given by a section through the north-east rampart close to the east corner; (2) taking advantage of the fact that a yard off Bedern was available for excavation, to supplement our first section by cutting a trench across the south-east defences where they have parted company with the later mound, city wall and moat, and where, therefore, one might hope to get a profile of the Roman ditch; and (3), guided by the results so obtained, to examine the east corner for traces of the rounded turn and internal angle-tower of the pre-bastion type of fortification. It was after those evidences had been secured that we proposed, if there was still time, to trench outside the corner and prove (or disprove) the existence of the supposed bastion.

scholarly journals El Castillo de La Atalaya (siglo XVIII), en Cartagena (Región de Murcia, España). Análisis formal y constructivo

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Carta ◽  
Diego Ros McDonnell ◽  
Pedro Enrique Collado Espejo
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
The North ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

The Atalaya Castle (eighteenth century), in Cartagena (Region of Murcia, Spain). Formal and constructive analysisThe Atalaya Castle (eighteenth century) is one of the military fortifications that were part of the defense of Cartagena. The defensive system of the period was composed of an important walled enclosure, which surrounded the city, the arsenal, and a group of fortresses outside the city wall, located on the nearby hills. One of these defensive constructions is the Atalaya Castle or Fort, located to the west of the city from its position it protected the population from attacks both by land and by sea. To the north and west by land, through the Almarjal and the Pelayo mountains, the south by sea covered the possible landings in the bays of the Algameca Grande and the Algameca Chica. The building is a magnificently construction, the fort has a pentagon ground plan with five bastions at each angle. It has an interior building in U arranged on a solid bastioned platform the whole complex is surrounded by a dry moat. The fortification present certain formal elements used in other constructions that had been lifted in the city at that time, circumstance gave unity to the whole. The materials consisted of employed mainly stone and brick, the constructive elements introduce certain heterogeneity. The purpose of the communication is to present the results of the comprehensive analysis carried out in the Atalaya Castle as well as to contribute, through its dissemination to raise awareness of the need for its restoration and enhancement. Research has studied the characteristics of the formal and constructive system of the fortification currently in a state of semiabandonment, a proposal has also been conducted for a new cultural use as a guarantee of its correct recovery and conservation.

scholarly journals Women in Neo-Assyrian Palaces: The case of the ekal mašarti in Nimrud/Kalḫu

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Schmalenberger
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
City Wall ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
The City

Ø  Basic Facts on Nimrud:Left Bank of the Tigris, North of the Greater Zabcapital of the Neo-Assyrian empire since 878 B.C. under King Aššurnaṣirpal (883 - 859 B.C.)The city wall encloses an area of 380 haThe main architectural features are located on the northern and the south-eastern acropolis, including various palaces and temple buildingsØ  The ekal mašarti:Built under King Šalmaneser III. (858 - 824 B.C.)completed 844 B.C.on the south-eastern acropolismainly used for military purposes (Areas NW, NE, SW and SE)Representation rooms (Area T) and private quarters (Area S) in the southØ  Women in the ekal mašarti:Clear archaeological evidence for the presence of women in the palace; Finds: Amulets (Bes, Lamaštu, Pazuzu), skorpion, fibulaeImportant rooms in area S: throne room of the queen (S 5) and bureau (S 10) of the šakintu (female high-official)Reception rooms and working areas on the ground floorLiving quarters on the upper floorNot all women belonging to the household of the queen, also lived in the (same) palace

Research on the Rehabilitation of the Ancient City Wall of the Wuchang Uprising Gate

2012 ◽  
Vol 166-169 ◽  
pp. 1526-1529
Author(s):  
Zhu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
The South ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Xinghai Revolution, the government of Wuchang district in Wuhan City intends to rehabilitate rain-wind corridor, feudal pavilion and the city walls. After access to historical data, site survey, mapping, photographing and measuring, the rehabilitating engineering program of rain-wind corridor, feudal pavilion and the city walls of the Wuchang Uprising Gate is achieved. In the fourth year of Hongwu (1371), Ming dynasty, Zhou Dexing, the duke of Jiangxia, built Wuchang city on the basis of Yingzhou city of Tang dynasty. Wuchang city has large scale. In Ming and Qing dynasty, it was the legacy of county, town, city and province. Its diameter from the east to the west was of 2.5 km, with 3 km from the north to south. The thickness of wall foundation is 22.44 m, with top thickness 17.82 m. Nine gates were designed for the ancient city. The Uprising gate, one of the nine gate of the Wuchang ancient city, was opened to the south and also the busiest gate for entering the city. New Army Engineering Battalion of Hubei took the lead and fired the first shot. And then they occupied Zhonghe Gate and Chu Wangtai to welcome the South Lake artillery, Ma team and other revolutionaries.

Euesperides (Benghazi): Preliminary report on the spring 2000 season

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 121-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bennett ◽  
Andrew I. Wilson ◽  
Ahmed Buzaian ◽  
Kenneth Hamilton ◽  
David Thorpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
The South ◽  
City Wall ◽  
City Area ◽  
A Site ◽  
City Plan ◽  
The City ◽  
Large Building ◽  
Geophysical Prospection

AbstractThis paper reports on the second season of the new fieldwork at Euesperides (Benghazi). Excavations continued in Areas P (a large building with early Hellenistic mosaics) and Q (an area of streets and buildings built against the line of the Archaic period city wall), and were commenced at a site in the Lower City (Area R), where evidence for purple dye production from the Murex trunculus shellfish was found. In addition, a programme of machine-cut evaluation trenching was carried out in an area to the south of the Sidi Abeid mound to determine the limits of the archaeological area; this showed that occupation deposits continued for some distance to the south-east of the zone formerly considered to have encompassed the city. Geophysical prospection was completed in the Lower City, giving a fuller understanding of the city plan and of manufacturing activities. Preliminary quantification of the fine pottery suggests heavy reliance on imported wares (some 90%) to meet demand for tablewares, and carries important implications for the volume of ancient shipping and trade reaching Euesperides.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document