scholarly journals Optical Timing of the Crab Nebula Pulsar NP 0532

1971 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
Jerry Nelson ◽  
Richard Hills ◽  
David Cudaback ◽  
Joseph Wampler
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Crab Nebula ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Mean Shape ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Crab Nebula ◽  
Pulse Arrival

Accurate pulse arrival times have been measured for NP 0532 during the period 15 December 1969 to 3 May 1970, and have been fitted to simple models of the pulsar braking mechanism. A good fit could not be obtained to all the data at once, because of deviations on a time scale of several days. However it was possible to divide the observing period into four shorter intervals in such a way that the data within each deviated only slightly from smoothly varying functions. The difference in the parameters of these four functions may indicate sudden events in the pulsar producing changes of order of 1 part in 109 in the pulsar frequency and 4 parts in 105 in the rate of change of frequency. In each case the difference in frequency from one interval to the next implies a slowdown of the pulsar.We found that the average value of the ‘braking parameter’ n in the equation dE/dt = -Aωn was 3.63, but dividing the data into shorter intervals gave values between 0 and 5. We found no changes in the mean shape of the pulses, or the phase of the interpulse relative to the main pulse.

scholarly journals Adequate Number of Swallows for Pharyngeal Pressure Measurement of a Subject using High-resolution Manometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matsusato Tsuyumu ◽  
Takanori Hama ◽  
Takakuni Kato ◽  
Hiromi Kojima
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Sphincter Pressure ◽  
High Resolution Manometry ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Pharyngeal Pressure ◽  
Single Person ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction The number of pressure measurements that need to be recorded using high-resolution manometry (HRM) for the accurate evaluation of pharyngeal function is not well established. Objective The purpose of this study is to clarify the number of swallows required to obtain an accurate pharyngeal manometric profile of a person. Methods Forty healthy adults performed a dry swallow and bolus swallows using 3-, 5-, or 10 ml of water and underwent measurements using the Starlet HRM system. Each subject underwent 10 swallows for each of the four bolus volume conditions. Results The mean of up to seven measurements of maximum pre-swallow upper esophageal sphincter pressure with 10 ml of swallow was close to the mean of up to eight measurements in 95% of the subjects. Similarly, the rate of change of the average for the eighth and ninth measurements and the rate of change for the average of the ninth and tenth measurements were less than 5%. When the other parameters were similarly measured up to the sixth measurement, no major change in the average value was observed even if more measurements were taken. Conclusion A minimum of six measurements are required, and seven swallows are sufficient for evaluating the pharyngeal manometric profile of a single person. This number of measurements can be a useful criterion when performing HRM measurements on individual subjects.

scholarly journals Nationalism Among Students: A Comparison Between Students of Islamic Junior High School and Students Of Junior High School in Serang Municipality and Serang Regency

Al-Ulum ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Anis Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

This article aims to explore the nationalism among students Islamic Junior High School (MTs) and Junior High School (SMP) in the District of Serang and Serang Municipality. Statistical analysis show that in order to find a comparison between the national insight MTs and SMP students in research location by using Test 't' to sample a large group. Based this study, it is concluded that there was no significant difference between the nationalistic viewpoint MTs and SMP students in Serang Municipality with MTs and SMP students in Serang District. However, basing on the difference between the average value the mean between the two groups of respondents turned out to mean price MTs and SMP student groups in Serang City (204.235) were slightly larger than the mean price of MTs and SMP school student groups in the district of Serang (203.765).

scholarly journals Faraday Rotation of the Crab Pulsar Radiation

1971 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 118-118
Author(s):  
R. N. Manchester
Keyword(s):  
Faraday Rotation ◽  
Radio Astronomy ◽  
Crab Nebula ◽  
Position Angle ◽  
Crab Pulsar ◽  
Astronomy Observatory ◽  
Pulsar Radiation ◽  
Rotation Measure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Crab Nebula

During April, 1970, the 300-ft telescope of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory was used to determine the mean polarisation of the Crab Nebula pulsar radiation at several frequencies around 400 MHz. The position angle of the highly polarised precursor measured at each frequency, corrected for ionospheric Faraday rotation and plotted against inverse frequency squared is shown in Figure 1. The observed variation of the position angle with frequency is consistent with Faraday rotation of the plane of polarisation with a rotation measure of −40.5 ± 4.5 rad/m2. This value is of the same sign but larger than the rotation measure for the nebular radiation in the vicinity of the pulsar.

Erratum: Crab Nebula Pulsar Radio Pulse Arrival Times at Arecibo Observatory

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
J. M. Rankin ◽  
C. C., III Counselman ◽  
D. W. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Crab Nebula ◽  
Radio Pulse ◽  
Pulsar Radio ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Arecibo Observatory ◽  
Pulse Arrival

The Crab Nebula pulsar - Six years of radio-frequency arrival times

1977 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Gullahorn ◽  
R. Isaacman ◽  
J. M. Rankin ◽  
R. R. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Crab Nebula ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
The Crab Nebula

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE CONVERGENCE SPEED IN THE LAW OF LARGE NUMBERS FOR GAMMA-DISTRIBUTED SEQUENCES

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgiy Aleksandrovich Popov
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Law Of Large Numbers ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Minimum Volume ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

The paper considers the problem of estimating the rate of convergence in the law of large numbers for the case when the initial set of random variables is distributed according to the law of the gamma distribution. The problem is urgent due to the fact that with a small number of initial random variables, accurate and close to the true values are the values obtained on the basis of averaging, in particular, if the receipt of each additional value is associated with significant resource costs. The main result of the paper contains estimates for the modulus of difference in distribution function of the mean value for the set of N random variables in the original population, where N is arbitrary, and distribution function of their limiting value, which is a constant (mean value). The result includes three cases: when the argument of distribution function is greater than the average value; when it is equal to it and when it is less than the average value. Estimates are obtained for the modulus of difference of distributions, which depend not only on the number of random variables N, but also on the argument of distribution function. The dependence of the obtained estimate on the argument of distribution function has an exponential character, and on the volume of the set N this dependence makes about the root of N. For convenience of practical application, and also for solving the inverse problem on the basis of the obtained result, estimating the modulus of the difference of distributions is simplified. On the basis of the simplified estimates obtained, the solution of the following inverse problem is given: to find the minimum volume of the string N at which the modulus of the difference of distributions (the accuracy of estimating the mean value on the basis of the mean value) does not exceed a given (small) value. The paper presents a formula for finding the specified minimum volume N, and an algorithm for finding the exact value of N for the estimate under consideration.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS INFUSA DAUN KEMANGI TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH WANITA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI STADIUM SATU

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Siagian ◽  
Aloysia Marta Elysabeth ◽  
Untung Sudharmono
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Village

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Daun kemangi (Ocimum Basilicum) merupakan tanaman obat di Indonesia yang sering digunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Daun kemangi mengandung senyawa aktif flavonoid dan magnesium yang dapat menurunkan tekanan darah. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata tekanan darah sebelum dan sesudah pemberian infusa daun kemangi pada wanita penderita Hipertensi stadium satu di desa Karyawangi Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah pra eksperimen dengan one group pretest-posttest design. Subjek yang digunakan adalah wanita dewasa berusia 35-60 tahun penderita hipertensi stadium satu dengan nilai tekanan darah 140/90-159/99 mmHg. Sampel 20 orang wanita dewasa penderita hipertensi stadium satu yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Intervensi dilakukan selama 6 hari. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji hipotesa dengan uji-t dua pihak. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan rerata tekanan darah yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi 149,5/93,9 mmHg dan nilai rata-rata sesudah intervensi yaitu sebesar 136,6/86,6 mmHg. Selisih tekanan darah sistolik sebesar 12,9 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik sebesar 7,3 mmHg. Diskusi:. Ada pengaruh infusa daun kemangi terhadap tekanan darah. Infusa daun kemangi dapat digunakan sebagai terapi alternatif pengobatan tekanan darah tinggi.   Kata kunci: hipertensi stadium satu, infusa daun kemangi, tekanan darah     ABSTRACT Introduction: Basil leaves (Ocinum Basilicum) is a medicinal plant in Indonesia, which is often used as a traditional medicine. Basil leaves containing active compound flavonoids and magnesium which can lower blood pressure. Objective: This study aimed to determine the differences between the mean blood pressure before and after the infusion of basil leaves in women with hypertension Sadium one in Karyawangi the village of West Bandung regency.Methods: The method used was pre experiment with one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects used were adult women aged 35-60 years with a one-stage hypertensive blood pressure values ​​of 140 / 90-159 / 99 mmHg. A sample of 20 adult women with hypertension stage one chosen by consecutive sampling. Interventions performed for 6 days. The statistical test used was hypothesis testing using t-test two parties. Results: The average value of blood pressure before intervention in the amount of 149.5 / 93.9 mmHg and the average value after intervention in the amount of 136.6 / 86.6 mmHg. The difference in systolic blood pressure was 12.9 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 7.3 mmHg. Discussion: There was an effect of basil infuse on blood pressure. Infuse basil leaves can be used as an alternative therapy to treat high blood pressure. Keywords: stage one hypertension, basil leaves infused, blood pressure Full printable version: PDF

Arrival times of P waves and upper mantle structure

1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 727-736
Author(s):  
Eysteinn Tryggvason
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Upper Mantle ◽  
P Wave ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
P Wave Velocity ◽  
Upper Mantle Structure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mantle Velocity

ABSTRACT Residuals of arrival times of P waves, as given in the International Seismological Summary for Kiruna, Sweden, Reykjavik, Iceland, and Scoresbysund, Greenland, were studied in order to detect upper mantle anomalies. The Kiruna arrivals were systematically too early, with a mean residual of −1.4 seconds, while the mean Reykjavik residual was +1.3 seconds. The difference in mean residual was 2.7 seconds with a standard error of about 0.5 second. The mean residual at Scoresbysund was −0.4 second. It is assumed that there is a depth D below which the mantle is homogeneous. The difference in mean residuals at the stations is assumed to be caused by different wave velocities at depths less than D in the vicinities of the stations. If it is assumed that the P-wave velocity in the upper mantle is constant down to a depth D below each station, this depth can be computed. This velocity is known from other data to be 8.36 km/sec below Kiruna and 7.4 km./sec. below Reykjavik. If only earthquakes at distances from 20° to 39° were used, D is determined to be 246 ± 36 km. (standard error). Earthquakes at distances 40° to 59° give D = 177 ± 25 km., at distances 60° to 79° give D = 234 ± 14 km., and at distances 80° to 99° give D = 281 ± 20 km. The most probable value of D is thus about 240 km. below the earth's surface, with a standard error of about 40 km. In the vicinity of Scoresbysund the upper mantle velocity is found to be about 8.0 km./sec., using the same assumption.

A computer method for determining seismic first arrival times

Geophysics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1431-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Hatherly
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Computer Technique ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Inflection Points ◽  
Amplifier Gain ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Times ◽  
Firing System

Although the seismic first event is most often defined as the first kick on a trace, it is not commonly appreciated that the visual emergence of the kick is dependent upon the signal‐to‐noise ratio and the amplifier gain. Consistent picking can only be achieved by identifying constant phases on the pulse, such as the inflection points or points of peak amplitude. This computer technique identifies both the first kick and the first inflection point on each trace to determine accurate and consistent first arrival times. This is achieved for each shot by determining the mean difference between the times to the first inflection points and the corresponding first kick points and then subtracting this difference from the times to the first inflection points. The remaining constant errors in the arrival times caused by factors such as inaccurate uphole corrections or delays in the detonator or shot‐firing system are removed using a least‐squares procedure which minimizes the difference in the forward and reverse traveltimes between shotpoints.

Parametric Sequential Sampling Based on Multistage Estimation of the Negative Binomial Parameterk

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg A. Johnson ◽  
David A. Mortensen ◽  
Linda J. Young ◽  
Alex R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Probability Of Error ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

An intensive survey of two farmer-managed corn and soybean fields in eastern Nebraska was conducted to investigate parametric sequential sampling of weed seedling populations using a multistage procedure to estimatek, of the negative binomial distribution.kis a nonspatial aggregation parameter related to the variance at a given mean value. Mean weed seedling density ranged from 0.18 to 3.11 plants 0.38 m−2(linear meter of crop row) based on 806 sampling locations. The average value ofk, derived from 200 multistage estimation procedures, ranged from 0.17 to 0.32. A sequential sampling plan was developed with the goal of estimating the mean with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 10, 20, 30, and 40% of the sample mean. A sampling plan was also constructed to estimate the mean within a specified distance H of the true mean (H(x̄)= 0.10, 0.50 and 1.0 plants 0.38 m−2) with 80, 85, and 90% confidence. Estimating mean weed seedling density within a specified CV of the true mean CV(x̄) using parametric sequential sampling techniques was superior to estimating the mean within a specified distance (H(x̄)) of the true mean when considering the frequency of sampling and probability of error, especially at intermediatekvalues. At ak: value of 0.32 and 0.25, the difference between the actual CV(x̄) obtained from sampling and the CV(x̄) specified by the sampler was minimal. However, the accuracy of weed seedling density estimates was reduced with decreasingkvalues below 0.25, especially as the specified CV(x̄) increased.

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