scholarly journals The Milky Way from antiquity to modern times

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Michael Hoskin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The paper outlines the history of attempts to explain the Milky Way, from Antiquity to the early-twentieth century, with special reference to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Also discussed is the relationship of the Galaxy to other star systems, and particularly the question of whether there are other galaxies in the visible universe.

‘Even If You Don’t Want to Drink, You Still Have to Drink’

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Invented Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers the history of alcohol in Nuosu Yi society in relation to the formal codification of a Yi heritage of alcohol-related culture, and the question of alcohol in Yi health. The relationship of newly invented tradition to older practice and thought is often obscure in studies that lack historical perspective. Examining the historical narratives associated with the exposition of a Yi heritage of alcohol, this study reveals that those narratives are woven from a tapestry of threads with histories of their own, and they therefore shape present-day heritage work. After a brief overview of ideas about alcohol in contemporary discourses on Yi heritage, the chapter then analyses historical texts to argue that many of these ideas are remarkably similar to ones that emerged in the context of nineteenth and early twentieth century contact between Yi and Han communities.

Reflections on Memoir as a New Genre

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Éilís Ní Dhuibhne Almqvist
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Irish Language ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article opens with a brief overview of memoir writing in Ireland, with special reference to early twentieth-century regional memoirs in the Irish language. The validity of the view that memoirs are much more numerous now than in the past is assessed. Various categories of memoir are described, as is the relationship between fiction, autobiography, and memoir. Finally, the author recounts her own experience of writing a memoir after many decades of writing fiction. She comments on the relationship of fiction and memoir in her own writing experience, and on differences between the genres as regards process, publication, and reaction.

7. The fortunes of ritual

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Causal Connection ◽  
Group Solidarity ◽  
Ritual Theory ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Functionalism ◽  
The Relationship

‘The fortunes of ritual’ charts the history of ritual, its study, and its reception beginning with the Confucian text Liji. This outlines means to counter humanity's fallen state through devices, guides, and practices called li, which are imagined as knots binding society together. Jumping to Enlightenment Europe, ritual came to be viewed as staid and outmoded, a superstitious remnant of a primitive past, a past that prevented humanity from truly advancing. In the early twentieth century, ritual was given some credibility via the Durkhemian tradition of social functionalism and Julian Huxley's causal connection between society's ills and ineffectual ritualization in society. Recent ritual theory articulates the relationship between ritual and group solidarity as seen through participation in contemporary festivals.

The Littlehampton Libels

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hilliard
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
Police Detective ◽  
The Relationship

This book reconsiders the workings of literacy and law in everyday life in early twentieth-century Britain. It does so through an analysis of an extraordinary criminal case from the 1920s—a poison-pen mystery that led to a miscarriage of justice and four criminal trials. The case, which unfolded in the coastal Sussex town of Littlehampton, proved as difficult to the police and the lawyers involved as any capital crime. Yet the offence in question was not murder, but libel, a crime involving words. So when a leading Metropolitan Police detective was tasked with solving the case, he questioned the residents of Littlehampton about their neighbours’ vocabularies, how often they wrote letters, what their handwriting was like, whether they swore. He assembled an ethnographic archive of working-class literacy. This book uses the materials generated by the investigation and the legal proceedings to examine, first, the variety of language used in working-class communities, and, second, the ways working-class people engaged with the legal system and vice versa. The four trials illustrate questions of access to justice; the relationship between respectability and credibility as a witness; and the largely forgotten history of criminal libel in modern times.

The “Black Buddhism Plan”: Buddhism, Race, and Empire in the Early Twentieth Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Adeana McNicholl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Black Pacific ◽  
The One ◽  
Single Figure ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT This article traces the life of a single figure, Sufi Abdul Hamid, to bring into conversation the history of the transmission of Buddhism to the United States with the emergence of new Black religio-racial movements in the early twentieth century. It follows Hamid's activities in the 1930s to ask what Hamid's life reveals about the relationship between Buddhism and race in the United States. On the one hand, Hamid's own negotiation of his identity as a Black Orientalist illustrates the contentious process through which individuals negotiate their religio-racial identities in tension with hegemonic religio-racial frameworks. Hamid constructed a Black Orientalist identity that resignified Blackness while criticizing the racial injustice foundational to the American nation-state. His Black Orientalist identity at times resonated with global Orientalist discourses, even while being recalcitrant to the hegemonic religio-racial frameworks of white Orientalism. The subversive positioning of Hamid's Black Orientalist identity simultaneously lent itself to his racialization by others. This is illustrated through Hamid's posthumous implication in a conspiracy theory known as the “Black Buddhism Plan.” This theory drew on imaginations of a Black Pacific community formulated by both Black Americans and by government authorities who created Japanese Buddhists and new Black religio-racial movements as subjects of surveillance. The capacious nature of Hamid's religio-racial identity, on the one hand constructed and performed by Hamid himself, and on the other created in the shadow of the dominant discourses of a white racial state, demonstrates that Buddhism in the United States is always constituted by race.

A HISTORY OF “RATIONALISM” IN VICTORIAN BRITAIN

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSHUA BENNETT
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Victorian Britain ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Specific Term ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intense Debate

“Rationalism” became the subject of intense debate in nineteenth-century Britain. This article asks why this was so, by focusing on the usage and implications of the term in contemporary argument. Rationalism was successively defined and redefined in ways that reached to the heart of Victorian epistemological and religious discussion. By treating rationalism as a contextually specific term, and examining how its implications changed between the 1820s and the early twentieth century, the article brings new perspectives to bear on the development of nineteenth-century freethought and countervailing religious apologetic. It underlines the importance of history, and constructions of intellectual lineage, as ways of establishing the relationship between rationality and religion in a progressively wider-ranging Victorian debate about the sources of knowledge and value.

Paradise Lost in Dutch, 1728–2003

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frans van Dijkhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
First Century ◽  
Religious Dimension ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Verse Form ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter offers a history of Dutch translations of Paradise Lost, from the early eighteenth to the early twenty-first century. The focus is on the question of how Dutch translators have grappled with two issues: the epic’s verse form, especially its lack of rhyme and syntactic idiosyncrasies; and its politico-religious dimension, its complex view of the relationship between earthly and divine authority, as well as its anti-predestinarian stance. The history of Paradise Lost in Dutch, which starts with the translation of Van Zanten in 1728, is characterized by an unresolved formal struggle with Milton’s blank verse, embraced unreservedly only in the early twentieth century, with translator Gutteling. Before 1900, the politico-religious dimension of Paradise Lost was at the fore for translators, yet this aspect of the poem has receded in prominence, with translators after 1900 presenting the poem instead as a timeless and self-contained work of literary genius.

A Lost Search for a Generic Tort Action Protecting “Peace of Mind”

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
G. Edward White
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American History ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Peace Of Mind ◽  
General Terms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractI plan to spend most of my time today setting forth the details of an episode in the mid twentieth-century history of American tort law, from which I intend to draw some observations on the place of history in tort law, or, put more precisely, the relationship between tort law and its surrounding cultural contexts, which amount to, when one has some distance from those contexts, its history. But before getting to that episode, I want to state, in general terms, what I take the relationship of tort law to its history to be. I don’t think tort law is any different from any other field of law, private or public, in its relationship to history. I’ve completed two books in a series called Law in American History, and am in the process of writing a third. The coverage of those works ranges from the colonial years through the twentieth century, and I take up fields in both public and private law, including torts. Throughout the books my theory of the relationship of law to its “history”–its surrounding contexts–is that the relationship is reciprocal. Law, at any point in time, is both affected by developments in the larger culture and affects them.

James Larkin and the Jew’s Shilling

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colum Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Union Leaders ◽  
Jewish Immigrants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of Irish radicals and socialists to Jews in the decades before Irish independence was an ambivalent one. Neither political activists nor trade union leaders were immune to infection by anti-Semitic tropes. An influx of poor Jewish immigrants to Ireland around the end of the nineteenth century threatened the identity of Irish nationalists and workers, at a time when many Irish were forced by economic circumstances to emigrate. The article concludes that statements by James Larkin and other Irish labour activists and reformers about Jews, expressed in print in the early twentieth century, reflected a mixture of attitudes.

Light unto the Nations

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-200
Author(s):  
Adam Sutcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Century Thought

This chapter focuses on the purpose of the Jews in relation to the potential and meaning of nationhood, in both Zionist and non-Zionist contexts. It talks about Moses Hess, a writer in Germany in the 1860s, who linked a profoundly negative view of the Jews' diasporic role as arch-capitalists to his irenic view of the role of the Jews in his Zionist vision of the future. It explains how a Zionist grappling with the idea of Jewish exemplarity runs through the twentieth-century history of the movement. This chapter also highlights the cultural Zionism of Ahad Ha'am and the political rhetoric of David Ben-Gurion, who repeatedly invoked Isaiah's “light unto the nations” as his vision for the Jewish state. It analyzes the relationship of Jewish exemplarity and purpose to the broader political life of the nation state that became a rich and complicated seam of debate within twentieth century thought.

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