The Littlehampton Libels

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hilliard
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
Police Detective ◽  
The Relationship

This book reconsiders the workings of literacy and law in everyday life in early twentieth-century Britain. It does so through an analysis of an extraordinary criminal case from the 1920s—a poison-pen mystery that led to a miscarriage of justice and four criminal trials. The case, which unfolded in the coastal Sussex town of Littlehampton, proved as difficult to the police and the lawyers involved as any capital crime. Yet the offence in question was not murder, but libel, a crime involving words. So when a leading Metropolitan Police detective was tasked with solving the case, he questioned the residents of Littlehampton about their neighbours’ vocabularies, how often they wrote letters, what their handwriting was like, whether they swore. He assembled an ethnographic archive of working-class literacy. This book uses the materials generated by the investigation and the legal proceedings to examine, first, the variety of language used in working-class communities, and, second, the ways working-class people engaged with the legal system and vice versa. The four trials illustrate questions of access to justice; the relationship between respectability and credibility as a witness; and the largely forgotten history of criminal libel in modern times.

scholarly journals From texts to readers: Literary criticism, sociology of practice and cultural history

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (62) ◽  
pp. 741-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Chartier
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
History Of Reading ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This essay is devoted to two questions. Firstly, it analyzes how reading was conceived by literary criticism, sociology of practices, and cultural history in the end of the twentieth century. What is at stake here is the conceptualization of the relationship between the text and the reader and the process through which meaning is constructed. Secondly, it recalls some fundamental questions raised by the history of reading, not for their own sake but because they can suggest some approaches for the analysis of reading practices in modern times.

scholarly journals The Milky Way from antiquity to modern times

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Michael Hoskin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The paper outlines the history of attempts to explain the Milky Way, from Antiquity to the early-twentieth century, with special reference to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Also discussed is the relationship of the Galaxy to other star systems, and particularly the question of whether there are other galaxies in the visible universe.

scholarly journals “Journeys are Meaningful” (Travelling, Travellers, Literary Periods, Literary Journeys)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
István Fried
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Continuous Processes ◽  
New Era ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Educational Journeys ◽  
The Middle Ages

Abstract If the changes of the “discourse networks” (Aufschreibesysteme) from 1800 to 1900 model the relations pertaining to the personality, to the cultural determinedness of technology and personality as well as to their interconnections (Kittler 1995), especially having in view the literary mise en scène, it applies all the more to travelling - setting out on a journey, heading towards a destination, pilgrimage and/or wandering as well as the relationship between transport technology and personality. The changes taking place in “transport” are partly of technological, partly (in close connection with the former) indicative of individual and collective claims. The diplomatic, religious, commercial and educational journeys essentially belong to the continuous processes of European centuries; however, the appearance of the railway starts a new era at least to the same extent as the car and the airplane in the twentieth century. The journeys becoming systematic and perhaps most tightly connected to pilgrimages from the Middle Ages on assured the “transfer” of ideas, attitudes and cultural materials in the widest sense; the journeys and personal encounters (of course, taking place, in part, through correspondence) of the more cultured layers mainly, are to be highly appreciated from the viewpoint of the history of mentalities and society.

scholarly journals The Concept in Life and the Life of the Concept: Canguilhem’s Final Reckoning with Bergson

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Basic Problem ◽  
History Of Biology ◽  
French Philosophy ◽  
Special Place ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Living Being

Foucault famously divided the history of twentieth-century French philosophy between a “philosophy of experience” and a “philosophy of the concept,” placing Bergson in the former camp and his teacher Canguilhem in the latter. This division has shaped the Anglophone reception of Canguilhem as primarily a historian and philosopher of biology. Canguilhem, however, was also a philosopher of life and a careful reader of Bergson. The recently-begun publication of Canguilhem’s Œuvres complètes has revealed the depth of this engagement, and a re-reading of Canguilhem’s final major statement on Bergson, the 1966 essay “The Concept and Life,” has thus become necessary. The basic problem of that essay is the relationship between knowledge and life in the history of biology and philosophy, with a special place for Bergson. Canguilhem’s strong criticism of him turns, however, on a misquotation. In claiming that Bergson fails to account for the struggle of the living being to maintain a species form, Canguilhem misconstrues the crucial Bergsonian distinction between vital order and geometrical identity; he thus misses the importance that Bergson accords to general biological tendencies, rather than to the generality of the species. Despite the differences on display in the 1966 essay, it will be argued that Canguilhem’s earlier remarks on Bergson show a surprising convergence in the underlying aim of each thinker’s biological philosophy: the call for a new ontology that grasps the ordered and intelligible character of life without relying on a principle of identity.

Collecting Chinese Objects in Slovenia at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-180
Author(s):  
Nataša Vampelj Suhadolnik
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article addresses the practices of collecting Chinese objects that were brought to the territory of present-day Slovenia by sailors, missionaries, travellers, and others who travelled to China in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. At the time, this territory was a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; we will, therefore, begin with the brief historical context of the Empire and its contact with China, followed by a discussion on the nature of collecting Chinese objects in Slovenian territories at that time. We will further examine the status of the individuals who travelled to China and the nature and extent of the objects they brought back. The article will also highlight the specific position of the Slovenian territory within the history of Euro-Asian cultural connections, and address the relevant issues—locally and globally—of the relationship between the centres and peripheries with regard to collecting practices.

This Is Not a Game

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-82
Author(s):  
Daniel Renfrew
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Social Imaginaries ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
Working Class History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Socioeconomic Crisis

This chapter argues that lead poisoning acted as a metonym of a general social imaginary of crisis associated with the collapse of the neoliberal model while also being rooted in the legacies of the mid-twentieth-century Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) period. The chapter counters Uruguay’s modern foundational myths of “exceptionalism” with social imaginaries anchored in the militant working-class history of La Teja. The chapter critically examines these foundational myths in relation to the all-encompassing socioeconomic crisis that began in 2002, arguing that activists interpreted the lead-poisoning epidemic within the working-class counter-narrative of Uruguayan national identity and history, politics and society, and in dialogue with a counter-imaginary of crisis linked to the material and symbolic fallout of the neoliberal order.

3. The history of political thought and Marxism

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
Richard Whatmore
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
History Of Political Thought ◽  
Scientific Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Friedrich Engels

‘The history of political thought and Marxism’ focuses on Marxism, which became the most global and scientific philosophy in the twentieth century. An important figure here is Karl Marx, the outcast from Prussian Trier that famously contributed to the science of historical materialism. Marx’s The Condition of the Working Class in England justified revolution through a philosophy that emerged from reading European history. Marx, along with Friedrich Engels, accepted that the progress of commerce by the end of the eighteenth century made European states more powerful than others in history. Marx’s contemporaries believed that the study of societies in every stage of history is vital in understanding the future.

‘Even If You Don’t Want to Drink, You Still Have to Drink’

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Invented Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers the history of alcohol in Nuosu Yi society in relation to the formal codification of a Yi heritage of alcohol-related culture, and the question of alcohol in Yi health. The relationship of newly invented tradition to older practice and thought is often obscure in studies that lack historical perspective. Examining the historical narratives associated with the exposition of a Yi heritage of alcohol, this study reveals that those narratives are woven from a tapestry of threads with histories of their own, and they therefore shape present-day heritage work. After a brief overview of ideas about alcohol in contemporary discourses on Yi heritage, the chapter then analyses historical texts to argue that many of these ideas are remarkably similar to ones that emerged in the context of nineteenth and early twentieth century contact between Yi and Han communities.

The Background, Development and Problems of Public History in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Meng
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Public History ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Academic History ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
China Today ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article traces the origins and development of public history in China, from its roots in historical memory in pre-modern times, through its role in shaping the nation in the period of modernization, to the emergence of histories of everyday life and popular histories in China today. It raises questions about what is public history in contemporary China, particularly the relationship between popular and academic history and the formalization of the field as seen in new institutions and a new journal.

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