V.—Behaviour and Adaptations of the Primates

1956 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Osman Hill
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Arboreal Habit ◽  
Structural Adaptations

SynopsisThe subject is a very wide one and for the purposes of a single contribution some selection is essential. Much might be, indeed has been, said concerning the adaptations relating to sexual and reproductive behaviour in the Primates, notably in a long series of contributions by Zuckerman and his co-workers (especially in his summaries of 1932 and 1933). Attention might also be made to the structural adaptations associated with toilet habits. But I have restricted my remarks to three aspects alone, paying particular attention to behavioural patterns in which I have been personally interested, or structural details which I have myself made the subject of contributions to the literature.I shall confine myself to I. Adaptations associated with the Arboreal Habit; II. Adaptations connected with Dietetic Habits; III. Adaptations correlated with Social Organization.

Social organization in the Orcadian Neolithic: identification of elite domestic structures and settlements through analysis of excavation data

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
David MacInnes
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
The Subject

The nature of social organization during the Orcadian Neolithic has been the subject of discussion for several decades with much of the debate focused on answering an insightful question posed by Colin Renfrew in 1979. He asked, how was society organised to construct the larger, innovative monuments of the Orcadian Late Neolithic that were centralised in the western Mainland? There are many possible answers to the question but little evidence pointing to a probable solution, so the discussion has continued for many years. This paper takes a new approach by asking a different question: what can be learned about Orcadian Neolithic social organization from the quantitative and qualitative evidence accumulating from excavated domestic structures and settlements?In an attempt to answer this question, quantitative and qualitative data about domestic structures and about settlements was collected from published reports on 15 Orcadian Neolithic excavated sites. The published data is less extensive than hoped but is sufficient to support a provisional answer: a social hierarchy probably did not develop in the Early Neolithic but almost certainly did in the Late Neolithic, for which the data is more comprehensive.While this is only one approach of several possible ways to consider the question, it is by exploring different methods of analysis and comparing them that an understanding of the Orcadian Neolithic can move forward.

The Socio cultural Impacts of Tourism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mason
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Moral Law ◽  
Cultural Impacts ◽  
Similar Concept ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
The Subject

When discussing the socio-cultural impacts of tourism there is a need to first understand the terms society and culture. The concept of society is studied, in particular, within the subject of sociology. Sociology is largely concerned with the study of society and focuses on people in groups and the interaction of those in groups, their attitudes and their behaviour. Culture is a similar concept to society and is about how people interact as observed through social interaction, social relations and material artefacts. According to Burns and Holden (1995), when discussing culture within the context of tourism, they indicate that it consists of behavioural patterns, knowledge and values which have been acquired and transmitted through generations. Burns and Holden (1995:113) provide more detail when they indicate that “culture .... includes knowledge, belief, art, moral law, custom and any other capabilities and habits of people as members of society’”

‘The Impact of Culture on Tourists' Online Information Search Behaviour

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Michopoulou ◽  
Delia Gabriela Moisa
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Search Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Chinese Tourists ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chinese Travellers

This chapter looks into the concept of culture and its impacts on travellers' online information search behaviour. The study is focused on two culturally diametric countries: United Kingdom and China (Hofstede, 2001) and they have been selected as case studies, representing values from the Western and the Asian cultures. In order to examine the effects of culture on online search behaviours, the research adopted a qualitative approach, and data was collected through interviews in order to enhance and elaborate the understanding on the subject studied. The results of this study show that culture influences the travellers' behaviour in the online environment, up to a certain extent, and as a result of this influences, different behavioural patterns between the British and the Chinese travellers emerged. Moreover, these findings bring implications for the marketers aiming at the British and the Chinese tourists, and they highlight the need to adopt different strategies in designing and marketing their tourism products for these two particular markets.

Reproductive behaviour and cross-mating of two closely related pygmy squids Idiosepius biserialis and Idiosepius thailandicus (Cephalopoda: Idiosepiidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaruwat Nabhitabhata ◽  
Jitima Suwanamala
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Sea Grass ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Difference

Idiosepius biserialis and Idiosepius thailandicus have been previously described as separate species although the difference in morphological characters is only the arrangement of pegs in tentacular-club suckers. The former species inhabits sea grass beds in the Andaman Sea of Thailand. The latter species inhabits mangroves in the eastern Gulf of Thailand. The present study of reproductive behaviour, mating, and spawning of the two species in captivity demonstrated that they are closely related. Copulation was performed using tentacles by the male for fixation of spermatophores at the buccal region of the female. Behavioural patterns were distinguished based on the hovering and adhering positions of each sex. Cross-mating between two species was initiated and observed, yielding fertilized eggs which developed to the organogenesis stage. Reproductive behaviour of crossed pairs was similar to those of individual species. This study revealed that the two ‘species’ are not reproductively isolated.

Global apiculture: a new outlook

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Eva Crane
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Tropics

Apiculture has always benefited from the fact that the social organization of the honeybee interests scientists. In the tropics, especially, the management of bees will be capable of much improvement when their behavioural patterns are more extensively studied and better understood. This in turn will lead to a higher economic return from apiculture. At present there is still a geographical imbalance, with the majority of research workers in temperate zones and the greatest unsolved problems in the tropics. It seems likely, however, that the next decade or two will see an increased diversification of research effort, resulting in our knowledge of bees in the tropics beginning to approach that of those in temperate zones.

scholarly journals Мотивационная основа устных рассказов осетин Турции

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Vajnerovna Sokaeva
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Oral Narratives ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject

The modern folklore of the Ossetians who have been living in Turkey for 150 years is nowadays of interests to scholars. It can and should be studied both from the point of view of the elements of structure and poetics preserved in it, and from the point of view of modern motivations. The second aspect is the subject of this article. Our research, based on fieldwork, shows that the motivational basis of contemporary oral narratives and of their behavioural patterns is a statement of fact, its evaluation and a forecast for the future.

Self-Knowledge, Estrangement, and Social Metabolism

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-57
Author(s):  
Boris Hennig
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Extended Self ◽  
Social Metabolism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Self Knowledge

Following two key themes in Karl Marx's thought—estrangement and political economy, in their relation to human self-knowledge—labor mediates the social metabolism. In this schema, organic (or functional) metabolism is distinguished from extended metabolism (or social organization). Socially extended metabolism gives rise to shared values and concepts in the same way that organic metabolism gives rise to life. On this basis, I suggest that both the subject and object of human self-knowledge is a socially extended self, which can connect to itself only when humans freely participate in socially extended metabolism—that is, economy, science, and industry. Estrangement, in contrast, is seen to result from a disruption within socially extended metabolism.

BEASTS AND BARBARIANS IN CAESAR'SBELLUM GALLICUM6.21–8

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 682-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Allen-Hornblower
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bellum Gallicum ◽  
Entertainment Value

Caesar's description of the Germans' social organization andmoresin the sixth book of hisBellum Gallicum(BG6.21–8) has long been the subject of multiple scholarly controversies. Its focus on various seemingly random ethnographical details – above all the description of the Hercynian forest and its fantastical beasts – has so surprised readers that the very authenticity of the passage has been questioned. It has been convincingly argued that interpolation is not likely. However, the internal excursus describing the Hercynian forest, and the final section concerning its fauna in particular, remains a subject of intrigue, as a result of the extraordinary, semi-mythical nature of its contents. It is the latter portion of the excursus, concerning the beasts of the Hercynian forest, and the place and role of their portrayal within the ethnography as a whole, that I wish to elucidate in the present article. While it undeniably possesses great entertainment value, its presence cannot be justified merely on such grounds.

scholarly journals Κοινωνικές ιεραρχίες στα κείμενα του Πλήθωνα και τα πρότυπά τους

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Γιάννης ΣΜΑΡΝΑΚΗΣ
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Similar Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
Medieval France ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Military

  <p>Yannis Smarnakis</p><p>Social Hierarchy in Pletho and its Models </p><p>The subject of this paper are the models of social organization proposed by G. Gemistos-Plethon to the despot of Peloponnese Theodore II Palaeologus and to the emperor Manuel II Palaeologus. The main sources for the investigation are two texts, written by Plethon, the first one between  1407-1415 and the second in 1418. The older text that was sent to the despot Theodore, depends on the platonic dialogues and proposes a similar model of three classes for the peloponnesian society. An interesting ideological shift was detected in the second text of 1418. Here the author proposes the division of the peloponnesian people into three parts, the soldiers, the priests and the peasants. The new model is identical to the ideological system of the three classes or functions in medieval France. I think that the main source of inspiration for Plethon was the specific ternary model that was grounded, in medieval France, on the neoplatonic tradition. Plethon transfers this ideological system to the social reality of his contemporary Peloponnese that was marked by the struggle of the powerful local aristocracy against the institution of monarchy. The ternary model gives a stable form to the peloponnesian society, justifies the role of the military aristocracy as the state against the Turks and legitimatizes the place of the monarch as the sovereign of the soldiers at the top of the social pyramid.</p><p> </p>

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