IV.—The Structure and Function of the Alimentary Canal of some Species of Polyplacophora (Mollusca)

1937 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Fretter
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Birkbeck College ◽  
And Function ◽  
The University

The work described in this paper was carried out in the Department of Zoology of Birkbeck College, University of London, and at the Marine Laboratories at Plymouth and Port Erin. I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to the University of London for the use of their table at Plymouth, to Birkbeck College for a grant of £5 towards the illustrations, and, in particular, I would express my gratitude to Mr Graham, under whose direction the work was carried out, for his continued kindness and help.The specimens of Lepidochitona cinereus which were used for the investigation were collected at Bangor, Plymouth and Port Erin, and also obtained from Cullercoats. Most of the material from Plymouth and one specimen from Cullercoats was infected with the Haplosporidian parasite Haplosporidium chitonis (Debaisieux, 1920) and was therefore unreliable for histological and physiological work. Specimens of Acanthochitona crinitus were collected at Plymouth, and showed no sign of infection with Haplosporidium chitonis; a few, however, were slightly parasitised with another Sporozoan. The Californian species Ischnochiton magdalenensis and Cryptochiton stelleri were obtained from Turtox General Biological Supply House, Chicago. Specimens of these species were fixed in formalin, which proved to be a poor fixative for histological work.

X.—On the Structure and Function of the Alimentary Canal of the Limpet

1932 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair Graham
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
British Association ◽  
Biological Association ◽  
Marine Biological ◽  
Marine Biological Association ◽  
And Function ◽  
The University

The work, of which the results are described in the following pages, was carried out in the Department of Zoology of the University of Sheffield and at the Laboratory of the Marine Biological Association, Plymouth. I wish to thank the British Association and the University of Sheffield for the use of tables at the Plymouth Laboratory, and I would also express my gratitude to Dr C. M. Yonge for much assistance, particularly for the loan of numerous papers.

William Rutherford Sanders (1828–1881), anatomist, physician, linguist and museum conservator

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Dugald Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
Abdominal Abscess ◽  
General Pathology ◽  
Consultant Physician ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
And Function ◽  
The University

William Rutherford Sanders spent a childhood and early student days divided between Edinburgh and Montpelier, France before graduating in Medicine in Edinburgh. An early interest in the spleen was encouraged by a two-year period in Europe where he became familiar with the work of Helmholtz, Bernard and Henle. Returning to Edinburgh, his growing experience led to the position of assistant in the Infirmary pathology department. He conducted classes in the University of Edinburgh and on behalf of the Royal Colleges became familiar with the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons where he was chosen as Conservator in 1853. Criticised by 20th century historians for concentrating on verbal teaching rather than on the conservation of the museum, Sanders became a consultant physician to the Royal Infirmary in 1861 and in 1869 Professor of General Pathology. Throughout these years, Sanders gave as much time as possible to the study of the structure and function of the spleen and to neurological disorders such as hemiplegia. His later life was interrupted by a series of illnesses commencing with an abdominal abscess. A prolonged convalescence allowed the resumption of work but deranged vision and hemiplegia preceded his death on 18 February 1881.

IX.—The Structure and Function of the Alimentary Canal of Æolid Molluscs, with a Discussion on their Nematocysts

1938 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair Graham
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Gastropod Mollusc ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function ◽  
Great Advance

During recent years there has been a very great advance in our knowledge of the minute structure and function of the various regions and glands of the alimentary canal of the prosobranch and pulmonate gastropods, without any corresponding increase in our understanding of the opisthobranch and, in particular, of the nudibranch gut. That the emphasis should be laid on the streptoneurous and the land-living forms is obviously due to their abundance and to the fact that they include almost all the familiar types of gastropod mollusc, but it is disappointing that, at the moment of writing, there exists only one account of the histology and function of the digestive system of either a dorid or an æolid—to confine attention to the two main types of nudibranch molluscs which occur in British waters—that of Millott (1937b). This is perhaps more noticeable when it is recalled that the nudibranchs have specialised along distinctly unusual lines, many of which are intimately associated with the food and feeding habits which the animals have adopted. The æolids, it is true, have attracted a lively interest in connexion with their possession of nematocysts, but the majority of investigators have apparently been content to trace these into the cnidosacs without concerning themselves over the other constituents of the animal's food.

XXII.—The Structure and Function of the Alimentary Canal of some Tectibranch Molluscs, with a Note on Excretion

1939 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Fretter
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Increasing Knowledge ◽  
And Function ◽  
Recent Account

Owing to the comparatively rare occurrence of most tectibranchs it is perhaps not surprising to find that, in spite of the ever-increasing knowledge of the histological structure and functioning of the alimentary canal of molluscs, little attention has been paid in this respect to these forms. The structure of the radula and gizzard has previously aroused interest, but so far as the rest of the alimentary canal is concerned most workers have been content with a somewhat superficial description of the gross morphology such as was given by Vayssière (1880), Bouvier (1893), Pelseneer (1893, 1894), and Guiart (1901). A more recent account of the digestive tract of Philine aperta has been given by Brown (1934), but this includes no histological or physiological consideration.

The Alimentary Canal of Calliphora erythrocephala L., with Special Reference to its Musculature and to the Proventriculus, Rectal Valve and Rectal Papillae

Parasitology ◽  
1934 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Graham-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Calliphora Erythrocephala ◽  
And Function

A detailed description of the musculature in the different regions of the alimentary canal of Calliphora erythrocephala is given, and an account of the structure and function of the crop, proventriculus, ducts of the Malpighian tubes, rectal valve and rectal papillae. It has been shown by dissections and experiments that a system of channels exists in the rectal papillae through which the body fluid probably circulates, and it is suggested that the very large cells may have functions resembling those of liver cells.

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