Evaluating the relationship between REM and memory consolidation: A need for scholarship and hypothesis testing

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlyle Smith ◽  
Gregory M. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Systematic Testing ◽  
Complete Synthesis ◽  
Testing Of Hypotheses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rational Evaluation

The function of REM, or any other stage of sleep, can currently only be conjectured. A rational evaluation of the role of REM in memory processing requires systematic testing of hypotheses that are optimally derived from a complete synthesis of existing knowledge. Our view is that the large number of studies supporting a relationship between REM-related brain activity and memory is not easily explained away.[Vertes & Eastman]

scholarly journals Autonomic activity during sleep predicts memory consolidation in humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (26) ◽  
pp. 7272-7277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren N. Whitehurst ◽  
Nicola Cellini ◽  
Elizabeth A. McDevitt ◽  
Katherine A. Duggan ◽  
Sara C. Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Remote Associates Test ◽  
Daytime Nap ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Good Sleep ◽  
Variance Explained

Throughout history, psychologists and philosophers have proposed that good sleep benefits memory, yet current studies focusing on the relationship between traditionally reported sleep features (e.g., minutes in sleep stages) and changes in memory performance show contradictory findings. This discrepancy suggests that there are events occurring during sleep that have not yet been considered. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) shows strong variation across sleep stages. Also, increases in ANS activity during waking, as measured by heart rate variability (HRV), have been correlated with memory improvement. However, the role of ANS in sleep-dependent memory consolidation has never been examined. Here, we examined whether changes in cardiac ANS activity (HRV) during a daytime nap were related to performance on two memory conditions (Primed and Repeated) and a nonmemory control condition on the Remote Associates Test. In line with prior studies, we found sleep-dependent improvement in the Primed condition compared with the Quiet Wake control condition. Using regression analyses, we compared the proportion of variance in performance associated with traditionally reported sleep features (model 1) vs. sleep features and HRV during sleep (model 2). For both the Primed and Repeated conditions, model 2 (sleep + HRV) predicted performance significantly better (73% and 58% of variance explained, respectively) compared with model 1 (sleep only, 46% and 26% of variance explained, respectively). These findings present the first evidence, to our knowledge, that ANS activity may be one potential mechanism driving sleep-dependent plasticity.

Hypothesis Testing on a Proportional Reasoning Task by Children at Different Piagetian Stage Levels

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Gerald E. Gruen ◽  
Stuart I. Offenbach ◽  
Thomas Keane
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Proportional Reasoning ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Reasoning Task ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

The relationship between 7-, 9-, and 11-year-old children's performance on a battery of selected Piagetian measures and on a proportional reasoning task was examined. The proportional reasoning task, modeled after an hypothesis-testing probe procedure, was devised to identify the hypotheses and strategies children use when making proportional judgments. As expected, a strong relationship between stage level and (1) the complexity of hypotheses used, (2) the use of the proportional hypothesis, and (3) the overall use of logical hypotheses was found. Generally, only formal-operational children responded proportionally. Contrary to expectations, children were not responsive to feedback, i.e., they tended to generate and maintain the same hypothesis across trials regardless of feedback. The role of children's cognitive limitations, as well as how salient the feedback was, were discussed as possible explanations for this finding. Age and sex differences on the proportional reasoning task also were found. Possible directions for extension of this study to older children and adolescents were discussed.

scholarly journals The Role Of Job Satisfaction On The Relationship Between Self-Leadership And Organizational Citzenship Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AHSAN MANSUR
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Organizational Citzenship

Organizational citizenship behavior is a voluntary action carried out outside of its main dutyas an employee. Several factors can influence OCB attitudes, such as self leadership andjob satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of self leadership tojob satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior in the organization or the company.The method used is a survey with the number of respondents in this study as many as 32respondents. The analysis used is the test of validity, reliability test, multiple regression,sobel test, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study show that job satisfaction canmediate between self leadership and organizational citizenship behavior

scholarly journals Kepuasan kerja sebagai mediasi efek locus of control terhadap kedisiplinan karyawan

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
Eka Kurniawati ◽  
Endi Sarwoko ◽  
Endah Andayani
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Employee Discipline ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of locus of control on employee discipline and the role of job satisfaction in mediating the relationship of locus of control on employee discipline. This study uses a quantitative approach, the research was conducted at YPI Miftahul Huda Papar, Kediri Regency, data was collected using a questionnaire filled out by all employees. Locus of control is measured by the ability, interest, effort, fate, and influence of others. Job satisfaction is measured by using 2 factors motivation, the last work discipline includes goals, justice, inherent supervision, sanctions and punishments. Data were analyzed for hypothesis testing using Path Analysis. The results of the analysis reveal that locus of control and job satisfaction have an effect on employee discipline. Another finding is that job satisfaction plays a role in mediating the influence of locus of control on work discipline. Suggestions for further research is to develop this research in a different place and examine the consequences of work discipline.

scholarly journals The Engram’s Dark Horse: How Interneurons Regulate State-Dependent Memory Processing and Plasticity

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Raven ◽  
Sara J. Aton
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Brain States ◽  
Direct Regulation

Brain states such as arousal and sleep play critical roles in memory encoding, storage, and recall. Recent studies have highlighted the role of engram neurons–populations of neurons activated during learning–in subsequent memory consolidation and recall. These engram populations are generally assumed to be glutamatergic, and the vast majority of data regarding the function of engram neurons have focused on glutamatergic pyramidal or granule cell populations in either the hippocampus, amygdala, or neocortex. Recent data suggest that sleep and wake states differentially regulate the activity and temporal dynamics of engram neurons. Two potential mechanisms for this regulation are either via direct regulation of glutamatergic engram neuron excitability and firing, or via state-dependent effects on interneuron populations–which in turn modulate the activity of glutamatergic engram neurons. Here, we will discuss recent findings related to the roles of interneurons in state-regulated memory processes and synaptic plasticity, and the potential therapeutic implications of understanding these mechanisms.

scholarly journals Subjective and Perseverative Cognition Mediate the Relationship Between Sleep and Work Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 114-114
Author(s):  
Christina Mu ◽  
Brent Small ◽  
Soomi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Multilevel Mediation ◽  
Work Impairment ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Perseverative Cognition ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The study examined the mediating role of subjective and perseverative cognition on sleep and work impairment. Sixty nurses completed a background survey and 14-days of ecological momentary assessments (EMA) and sleep actigraphy. Each day, participants evaluated their subjective cognition (mental sharpness, memory, processing speed), perseverative cognition (rumination) and work impairment (how much did you cut back on normal paid work, how much did the quality of your work suffer). Multiple sleep characteristics were measured by EMA and actigraphy. Multilevel mediation models adjusted for sociodemographics and work shift. At the between-person and within-person levels, there were mediated associations of sleep quality and sufficiency (but not actigraphy-measured sleep) with work impairment through subjective and perseverative cognition. Better sleep quality or higher sleep sufficiency were associated with better subjective and perseverative cognition, which, in turn, were associated with less work impairment.

scholarly journals The Role of Work Stress as a Mediating Variable in The Relationship Between Workload and Intention to Leave

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dini Arifiani ◽  
Aura Amalia ◽  
Hastuti Naibaho ◽  
Endang Pitaloka
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
High Workload ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Telecommunications Companies

Jobs with high workload characteristics will require employees to work more than normal working hours so that employees will often work overtime. This condition will cause employees to be exhausted both physically and mentally which ultimately creates work stress. Job stress will cause employees to experience health problems. Employees who experience job stress will consider leaving the organization and looking for new jobs that can reduce their work stress. Respondents of this study were employees of telecommunications companies in the digital financial services department. The questionnaire was distributed to all employees in the digital financial service department of a leading telecommunications company in Indonesia. The questionnaire was distributed to 100 employees. However, only 60 questionnaires can be used for hypothesis testing (the response rate of this study is 60%). Hypothesis testing using hierarchical linear regression. The three hypotheses proposed in this study are supported, namely (1) workload has a positive and significant effect on work stress (H1; p<.001); (2) work stress affects the intention to leave (H2; p<.001; and (3) work stress as a mediating variable in the relationship between workload and intention to leave the company (H-3; p<.001).

scholarly journals PERAN SOCIAL CAPITAL DALAM MEMITIGASI PENGARUH ROLE STRESS TERHADAP JOB PERFORMANCE (Studi Kasus pada Profesi Akuntan di Kebumen, Puworejo, dan Purwokerto)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arya Samudra Mahardhika ◽  
Anton Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Role Conflict ◽  
Role Ambiguity ◽  
Role Stress ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of role stress consisting of role conflict and role ambiguity on job performance, and to analyze the role of social capital as a moderating variable in the relationship. Respondents from this study were accountant professions in Kebumen, Purworejo, and Purwokerto, sampling was done by purposive sampling with the criteria of the accounting profession who had worked for 1 (one) year, the sample studied was 65. The results of hypothesis testing using WarpPLS software 3.0 shows that role stress has a significant effect on job performance, but the coefficient of job ambiguity shows the opposite direction of the hypothesis. Inaddition, this study also found that social capital has a role in reducing the negative influence of role conflict on job performance, but its role cannot be proven in role ambiguity

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