Motherese by any other name: Mother-infant communication in non-hominin mammals

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-520
Author(s):  
John D. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Limbic Cortex ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Vocal Interactions

The definition of motherese is extended to infant-directed vocalizations in non-hominin mammals. In many species, vocal interactions between mothers and their infants are common. The neural substrates mediating these interactions include the rostral limbic cortex of the frontal lobe. Spoken language may have arisen from hominin females vocalizing to their infants.

Semantic monitoring of words with emotional connotation during fMRI: Contribution of anterior left frontal cortex

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Crosson ◽  
M. Allison Cato ◽  
Joseph R. Sadek ◽  
Didem Gökçay ◽  
Russell M. Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Left Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Semantic Attribute ◽  
Animal Names

AbstractPrevious studies showed that cortex in the anterior portions of the left frontal and temporal lobes participates in generating words with emotional connotations and processing pictures with emotional content. If these cortices process the semantic attribute of emotional connotation, they should be active whenever processing emotional connotation, without respect to modality of input or mode of output. Thus, we hypothesized that they would activate during monitoring of words with emotional connotations. Sixteen normal subjects performed semantic monitoring of words with emotional connotations, animal names, and implement names during fMRI. Cortex in the anterior left frontal lobe demonstrated significant activity for monitoring words with emotional connotations compared to monitoring tone sequences, animal names, or implement names. Together, the current and previous results implicate cortex in the anterior left frontal lobe in semantic processing of emotional connotation, consistent with connections of this cortex to paralimbic association areas. Current findings also indicate that neural substrates for processing emotional connotation are independent of substrates for processing the categories of living and nonliving things.

scholarly journals Problemy z granicami wypowiedzeń w polszczyźnie mówionej – uwagi wstępne

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Szczyszek
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
The Real ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Theoretical Reflection ◽  
Innovative Concept

The article discusses the problems associated with segmented into separate sentences the stream of spoken language. There are both: theoretical problems (what is utterance?, what are its boundaries?, what are the theoretical proposals for the segmentation of utterances?), and practical problems (where is the real border between the two utterances in spoken language?, what criteria of segmentation stream of spoken language can be used?). The language material – which is the basis for the research presented in this article – comes from twenty task-oriented dialogue sessions with the participation of forty speakers performing a specific task. As a result of the analysis, based on available positions and theoretical reflection I managed to develop a tool for syntactical segmentation of the stream of spoken language. This tool can be presented in the form of a new (innovative) concept of definition of the utterance.

scholarly journals Formation of a meningoencephalocele after removal of a frontal lobe meningioma by transfrontal craniotomy in a cat

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511692095719
Author(s):  
Christian Günther ◽  
Katrin M Beckmann ◽  
Frank Steffen
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Neurological Progression

Case summary A 10-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was referred for surgical treatment of a left-sided frontal lobe meningioma diagnosed by CT. Clinically, the cat had generalised tonic–clonic seizures, which reduced in frequency after treatment was started with prednisolone. After definition of the anatomical landmarks of the feline skull, a bilateral transfrontal craniotomy allowed en bloc removal of the meningioma. While postoperative recovery was uneventful, right-sided proprioceptive deficits were still present 6 months after surgery. MRI detected a probable meningoencephalocele herniating through the surgical bone defect in the frontal sinus. Because of the mild neurological deficits and good quality of life, the meningoencephalocele was not treated. Thirty-one months after meningioma removal the cat was alive without further neurological progression. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe, in detail, the technique of transfrontal craniotomy in cats. Iatrogenic meningoencephalocele is a complication that has not previously been described after meningioma removal in cats, and should be considered as a potential complication after craniotomy.

scholarly journals Neurobiological Effects of Binge Drinking Help in Its Detection and Differential Diagnosis from Alcohol Dependence

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napoleon Waszkiewicz ◽  
Beata Galińska-Skok ◽  
Anastasiya Nestsiarovich ◽  
Agnieszka Kułak-Bejda ◽  
Karolina Wilczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Limbic Cortex ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Binge Drinkers

The prevalence of binge drinking in the general population is 3-4 times higher than that of alcohol dependence. Neuroimaging studies show that binge drinking in adolescence impairs brain development and white matter integrity. Regions with reduced functional activity include the limbic system, ventral diencephalon, frontal lobe, and middle and inferior temporal lobes, whereas the right superior frontal and parietal lobes are typically hyperactivated. The observed activation of the frontoparietal areas might reflect the alternative memory system operating, whereas the reduced occipito-hippocampal response is associated with impaired visual and linguistic processing/learning. Some other findings from literature research include a decrease of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the frontal lobe and its increase in the parietal lobes, as well as the reduced components of event-related potentials, reflecting deficit in attention, working memory, inhibition, and executive functioning. Animal studies show that even a single day of binge drinking results in a neurodegeneration and reactive gliosis in the limbic cortex as well as in gene expression dysregulation and histone acetylation. Another biological evidence on binge drinking effect include inflammatory response, oxidative stress, formation of toxic ceramides, activation of caspase 3, and secretion of corticoliberin. Some of the binge drinking-induced cognitive abnormalities can be reversible after three weeks of abstinence. Although binge drinkers have a similar pattern of neuropsychological deficits with chronic alcohol consumers (mainly memory deficits), binge drinkers have prominent impairment of inhibitory control, which may be a marker of binge pattern of alcohol drinking. The optimal therapeutic strategies should target the inhibitory control processes to facilitate discontinuation of alcohol consumption and to block its possible progression to the alcohol dependence syndrome.

scholarly journals Social Dialects in Modern French Language

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Bernetska
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
French Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Vertical Division ◽  
Definition Of

The article is a study of phonetic-morphological and semantic-stylistic features of argotic vocabulary in contemporary French language. The work is devoted to questions of structural-semantic and phonetic-morphological peculiarities of the argotic vocabulary in printed mass media. The conducted research has shown that the argotic vocabulary can be considered as a special lexical subsystem of spoken language, which is characterized by a steady tendency to penetrate into higher linguistic levels due to its phonetic-morphological and semantic features. The systematization of phonetic and semantic processes in the argotic dictionary is carried out. We have noticed that argot from a linguistic point of view is an expressive lexical subsystem of spoken language, which is characterized by a large expressive potential and rapid changes in vocabulary and penetrates into higher levels of the French language. From the point of view of modern linguistics, the French language can be viewed in vertical and horizontal sections. Horizontal division is caused by the existence of the dialectal partition of the French language. The vertical division is explained by the existence of social groups that use one or another sociolect. Analyzing the evolution of the definition of argot, we can assume that in its development argot passed the long way from the language taboo to the special lexical subsystem of the literary-spoken language. We have noticed that it is important to distinguish argot and spoken language. In spite of the both scientific and practical interest in the spoken language problem and the emergence of numerous studies that led to the creation of colloquialism as a special section of linguistics, a number of aspects of spoken language (approaches to its identification, differentiation of spoken language and related phenomena) remain insufficiently highlighted. The spoken language (vernacular), according to modern linguistic assertions, occupies an intermediate position between the spoken-literary language, dialects and sociolects. We have noticed that the democratization of the norms of the literary language led to the emergence of a literary-colloquial form of spoken language. Such a combination of literary and spoken language is caused by the nature of social development. Key words: argot; slang; French language; dialect; argotheistic vocabulary; non-normative variant elements; semantics; phonetics; morphology; mass media.

scholarly journals A multiarchitectonic approach for the definition of functionally distinct areas and domains in the monkey frontal lobe

2007 ◽  
Vol 211 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelouahed Belmalih ◽  
Elena Borra ◽  
Massimo Contini ◽  
Marzio Gerbella ◽  
Stefano Rozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Definition Of

Neural Substrates of Spoken Language Rehabilitation in an Aphasic Patient: An fMRI Study

NeuroImage ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Léger ◽  
J-F. Démonet ◽  
S. Ruff ◽  
B. Aithamon ◽  
B. Touyeras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Aphasic Patient ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Psychopathology of Brain Frontal Lobe Tumors: When the Neurosurgery Meets Psychiatry

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Chirchiglia Domenico ◽  
Chirchiglia Pasquale ◽  
Gallelli, Luca
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Limbic Cortex ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Associated Functions

Brain tumors occur when abnormal cells form within the brain.There are two main types of tumors: malignant and benign tumors. Then, tumors can be divided into primary that start within the brain, and secondary tumors that have spread from somewhere else, known as brain metastasis tumors. Secondary brain tumors occur in approximately 15 % of cancer patients with about half of metastases coming from lung cancer. Primary brain tumors occur in around 250,000 people a year globally, making up less than 2% of whole body tumors. According to American Brain Tumor Association the most common types of primary tumors are gliomas, representing 74,6 % of all malignant tumors and meningiomas ( 36,6% ) while more affected region is frontal lobe, about 22 % . Particularly, prefrontal cortex ( PFC ), the anterior part of the frontal lobe that is highly developed in humans plays a role in the regulation of personality, emotional, and behavioral functioning, leading to serious cognitive impairments 1. These are the psychological signs of frontal lobe tumors, in addition to other functions such as the expressive language of Broca's area or those relating to voluntary movement, linked to frontal cortical motor areas. It relates to the so-called higher nervous functions, concerning the life of relationship and communication. The PFC physiology explains the psychological mechanisms of its associated functions: connections with the limbic cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia and other subcortical areas.The regions of the PFC at the base of the psychophysiological mechanisms involved are basically the dorso-lateral, the ventro-medial, the orbito-frontal establishing contacts primarily with limbic structures, such as the cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala.

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