scholarly journals Social Dialects in Modern French Language

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Bernetska
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
French Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Vertical Division ◽  
Definition Of

The article is a study of phonetic-morphological and semantic-stylistic features of argotic vocabulary in contemporary French language. The work is devoted to questions of structural-semantic and phonetic-morphological peculiarities of the argotic vocabulary in printed mass media. The conducted research has shown that the argotic vocabulary can be considered as a special lexical subsystem of spoken language, which is characterized by a steady tendency to penetrate into higher linguistic levels due to its phonetic-morphological and semantic features. The systematization of phonetic and semantic processes in the argotic dictionary is carried out. We have noticed that argot from a linguistic point of view is an expressive lexical subsystem of spoken language, which is characterized by a large expressive potential and rapid changes in vocabulary and penetrates into higher levels of the French language. From the point of view of modern linguistics, the French language can be viewed in vertical and horizontal sections. Horizontal division is caused by the existence of the dialectal partition of the French language. The vertical division is explained by the existence of social groups that use one or another sociolect. Analyzing the evolution of the definition of argot, we can assume that in its development argot passed the long way from the language taboo to the special lexical subsystem of the literary-spoken language. We have noticed that it is important to distinguish argot and spoken language. In spite of the both scientific and practical interest in the spoken language problem and the emergence of numerous studies that led to the creation of colloquialism as a special section of linguistics, a number of aspects of spoken language (approaches to its identification, differentiation of spoken language and related phenomena) remain insufficiently highlighted. The spoken language (vernacular), according to modern linguistic assertions, occupies an intermediate position between the spoken-literary language, dialects and sociolects. We have noticed that the democratization of the norms of the literary language led to the emergence of a literary-colloquial form of spoken language. Such a combination of literary and spoken language is caused by the nature of social development. Key words: argot; slang; French language; dialect; argotheistic vocabulary; non-normative variant elements; semantics; phonetics; morphology; mass media.

scholarly journals SEMANTICS OF THE VERBALITY ЖИТЬ IN RUSSIAN DIALECTS OF UDMURTIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
E.A. Zhdanova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to the analysis of semantic features that are noted in the verb жить in Russian dialects of Udmurtia. As the analysis of the material of the corpus of Russian dialects of Udmurtia showed, this verb is found in contexts indicating values different from those known in the literary language. In connection with the need to clarify the layout of the corpus and create a dictionary of Russian dialects in Udmurtia, a definition of the semantics of this verb is required. The semantic features of a dialect word can be established both by linguistic factors: the syntactic role and lexical compatibility, as well as extralinguistic factors: the range of specific uses of the verb, historical information about the settlement of this territory, religious and ideological features of dialect speakers. For analysis, material from various lexicographic sources, as well as etymological information, was used. As a result of the study, an idea about the possibility of double interpretation of the semantics of the analyzed dialect word was formed: on the one hand, from the point of view of its implementation in dialect, as a syncretic unit, on the other hand, from the point of view of its lexicographic representation, as a set of lexical-semantic variants.

scholarly journals Morphological Dialectisms in the Work Sanat Digarasttar by Moldo Niyaz

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-340
Author(s):  
A. Akynbekova
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Language History ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Language Literature

Moldo Niyaz is a person who has a unique place in the Kyrgyz language, literature, history and culture. He is the ancestor of the development of the form of written literary language in the nineteenth century. His work Sanat Digarasttar is of great importance as one of the priceless documents that makes it possible to reflect on the state of the language, almost in the previous century and a half and on the written monuments of the Kyrgyz language for linguistic science in the middle of the XIX century. Artistic and aesthetic value, dignity, all the beauty of Sanat songs left by the author are reflected in the language features. Therefore, in order to learn the written technologies of the ancient Kyrgyz peoples, it is necessary to study the language features of the works of Moldo Niyaz from different sides. Based on this direction, the article makes a comparative analysis of the grammatical local language features of the language in the work of akyn with the modern Kyrgyz literary language. Scientific works of researchers in this direction,devoted to dialects, such turkologists as K. K. Yudakhin, B. M. Yunusaliev, I. A. Batmanov, T. K. Akhmatov, Zh. Mukambaev, G. Bakinova, E. Abduldaev, K. Beknazarov, Sh. Zhaparov, K. Kyrbashev, A. Biyaliev, Zh. Zhumaliev, T. Sydykov were the scientific and theoretical foundations of our work. Thus, the study and definition of such issues as the emergence of the Kyrgyz literary language, history, development of the language-this is today also one of the main problems. When solving these problems, the issue of research of the works of pischuschih akyns before the October revolution can become the main linguistic base. From this point of view, it is necessary to study from different sides the works of akynovkak Moldo Niyaz, the written language of regional use, especially the XIX–XX centuries before the formation of the Kyrgyz people as a nationality.

MODO-TEMPORAL MICRO-SYSTEMS IN CONTEMPORARY ORAL FRENCH

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Ponchon
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
French Language ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Social Language ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Micro Systems ◽  
Social Trait

The ability to use verbal modes and tenses in spoken French differently from standard French is undeniably a phenomenon that is part of social usage, especially among young people. Indeed, faced with a great variety and complexity of modes and tenses in written French, the speaker will tend to use in his speech only grammatical forms strictly necessary for immediate communication. This article is based on a survey carried out over a period from 2005 to 2010, put into understanding with another independent oral corpus, in order to better underline the contrasts. The resulting cross-analysis shows not only the evolution of the language as a sociolect, but also the ability of some speakers to adapt their speech to the minimalist need for interlocution. First, it focuses on the opposition between the modal-temporal organization of written French and of contemporary spoken language. In a second step, it characterizes in this field the differentiation of use in “standard” oral French and in “spontaneous” oral French, to end up delineating the modo-temporal architectonics of the latter. By highlighting the fact that the variations and the trends identified are a social trait and are part of the vitality of the language, thus, this study contributes to a more precise definition of “spontaneous” oral French as a social language and is intended to be an illustration of the contemporary sociopragmatic use of the French language.

scholarly journals Priorities in labor motivation of young agricultural scientists

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 05015
Author(s):  
Yuri Pichugin ◽  
Yuri Lobeyko ◽  
Elena Zritneva ◽  
Valentine Ivashova ◽  
Bulat Pashtaev
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Mathematical Apparatus ◽  
Teaching Activities ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
Definition Of

The article presents the results of the study of priorities in the field of labor motivation of young agricultural scientists. A review of publications on labor motivation shows that important areas of research are the definition of priorities among internal and external motives and their study in segmentation by age and spheres of activity. Therefore, the determination of the priorities of labor motivation of young agricultural scientists is of great scientific and practical interest. We studied the motives of effective research and teaching activities of young employees on the example of a sociological survey conducted on the basis of Stavropol State Agrarian University. Using SPSS Statistics (version 21) software package and a unique mathematical apparatus, the priorities of labor motivation of young agricultural scientists were established. From the point of view of theoretical significance, the presented materials make it possible to use the research algorithm in such situations. The practical significance of the research results lies in the formation of an information base for strategic management of personnel processes in organizations of agricultural education.

scholarly journals ЈЕЗИЧКА НОРМА И ОДНОС ПРЕМА ЈЕЗИЧКОЈ ВАРИЈАЦИЈИ У НАСТАВИ ФРАНЦУСКОГ КАО СТРАНОГ ЈЕЗИКА: ПРИМЕР УПОТРЕБЕ ДИРЕКТНОГ ПАРЦИЈАЛНОГ ПИТАЊА СА УПИТНИМ ПРИЛОЗИМА

TEME ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Nataša Radusin-Bardić
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
French Language ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Different attitudes towards the definition of linguistic variations are noticeable in contemporary teaching of French as a foreign language. The difference depends on whether it is viewed from the perspective of traditionally understood exemplary linguistic levels le bon usage, from the standpoint of propositions – the “basic French language” the SGAV methodology is based on; or with the emergence of a communicative approach in foreign language teaching from the perspective of a moderately conservative and flexible attitude towards conservative linguistic norms. In order to study how linguistic variations in the teaching of French as a foreign language are treated, our research was based on an analysis of the use of different forms for expressing a direct partial question with interrogative adverbs où, quand, comment and pourquoi in seven selected methods published from the middle of the last century until the present day. The results of the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the abovementioned interrogative forms in the selected methods, illustrate significant oscillations in terms of the representation of interrogative forms derived from inversion and those which, contrary to the conservative linguistic norm and in accordance with the general tendencies in the French spoken language, preserve the word order characteristic of a statement. The obtained results indicate an expressed need for a more consistent pragmatic definition of linguistic variation in the contemporary teaching of French as a foreign language.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION OF CLASSICS OF GERMAN POETRY IN UKRAINIAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petro Osipov ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Bulyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Behavior

Translation issues have long been in the field of view of translators and philologists-researchers. The focus was on the definition of the translation process in view of its psychological and lexical-semantic features and its perception as a certain creative action. The translation process is always functionally and thematically defined and controlled. Its main purpose is to provide the necessary information and establish communication between people of different languages and cultures. Considering translation as an interlingual communication process, we address the question of what language operations should be performed to ensure the integration of source and target texts and at the same time eliminate their interlinguistic structural differences at the conceptual and stylistic levels. The dominant of any translation is its goal (skopos), because differences in the definition of translation goals cause, in turn, differences in interlingual translation strategies. The translator's understanding of the text presupposes his knowledge of the history of society, institutions, social conditions, religious beliefs, culturally and situationally determined patterns of speech activity and behavior of the "source culture", as well as knowledge of the syntax and semantics of the "source text" and their structures. Each translation creates a dynamic connection and is an intercultural transfer of the text insofar as it takes into account the culturally specific comparison of language, situation and object in question. From the standpoint of hermeneutics and from the point of view of translation, the difference of cultures means the difference between "source culture" and thus – the culture of "source language" and "target culture" and thus - the culture of "target language". The analysis focuses on the translation of the most famous poems of German classics. In J. Goethe, along with the ballad "Erlkönig" ("The Forest King"), it is his popular excerpts from the tragedy "Faust". The translation was made by famous writers B. Hrinchenko and M. Rylsky. F. Schiller's poetry is represented by his ballads "Pirnach" ("DerTaucher") and "Glove" ("DerHandschuh"). The latter was translated by the famous poet and translator M. Orest. Heine's works were translated into Ukrainian by such well-known writers as I. Franko, L. Pervomaisky and others.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE AND STYLE IN THE PROSE OF PETRO MARKOS

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1773-1775
Author(s):  
Antela Voulis
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
The People ◽  
Great Force ◽  
The Village

Styles is a writer's own way, the style is the writer himself. Styles regulates the organization of ideas, mountains of work, but, in general, the narrowest concept of style is the use of language. From this point of view, one can say that every writer has his own style. With the help of petro marko, the studios are ready to be used for the classifier and they are energy-intensive. Being the language itself is a creature of the author, it expresses in itself its cultural heritage. Petro marko mimics ordinary talk, introducing and making his own, perfectly perfect, spells, characteristics of spoken language phrases. The language used in the confession is mainly the language of the people. The novel "a four-way name" authored using the spoken language of the village of dhërmi, but also the expression of the literary language, creating words and expressions with ingenuity and subtlety. It is not a novel, "hasta la vista" and "the last city" he also extensively uses spanish, italian or other languages, giving the story a great force of expression and originality, and at the same time approaching the reader even more with the character or story to which it relates.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

Towards a Minor Poetry: Reading Twentieth-Century French Poetry with Deleuze–Guattari and Bakhtin

Paragraph ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-153
Author(s):  
Daisy Sainsbury
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
French Language ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Minor Literature ◽  
Language System ◽  
Poetic Discourse ◽  
Poetry Reading ◽  
Century Poetry ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Minor

Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari's analysis of minor literature, deterritorialization and agrammaticality, this article explores the possibility of a ‘minor poetry’, considering various interpretations of the term, and interrogating the value of the distinction between minor poetry and minor literature. The article considers Bakhtin's work, which offers several parallels to Deleuze and Guattari's in its consideration of the language system and the place of literature within it, but which also addresses questions of genre. It pursues Christian Prigent's hypothesis, in contrast to Bakhtin's account of poetic discourse, that Deleuze and Guattari's notion of deterritorialization might offer a definition of poetic language. Considering the work of two French-language poets, Ghérasim Luca and Olivier Cadiot, the article argues that the term ‘minor poetry’ gains an additional relevance for experimental twentieth-century poetry which grapples with its own generic identity, deterritorializing established conceptions of poetry, and making ‘minor’ the major poetic discourses on which it is contingent.

Dosimetry and optimization in digital radiography based on the contrast-detail resolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Otto Gomes Batista ◽  
Alexandre Gomes De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Inverse Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Direct Radiography ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

Contrast-detail (C-D) curves are useful in evaluating the radiographic image quality in a global way. The objective of the present study was to obtain the C-D curves and the inverse image quality figure. Both of these parameters were used as an evaluation tool for abdominal and chest imaging protocols. The C-D curves were obtained with the phantom CDRAD 2.0 in computerized radiography and the direct radiography systems (including portable devices). The protocols were 90 and 102 kV in the range of 2 to 20 mAs for the chest and 80 kV in the range of 10 to 80 mAs for the abdomen. The incident air kerma values were evaluated with a solid state sensor. The analysis of these C-D curves help to identify which technique would allow a lower value of the entrance surface air kerma, Ke, while maintaining the image quality from the point of view of C-D detectability. The results showed that the inverse image quality figure, IQFinv, varied little throughout the range of mAs, while the value of Ke varied linearly directly with the mAs values. Also, the complete analysis of the curves indicated that there was an increase in the definition of the details with increasing mAs. It can be concluded that, in the transition phase for the use of the new receptors, it is necessary to evaluate and adjust the practised protocols to ensure, at a minimum, the same levels of the image quality, taking into account the aspects of the radiation protection of the patient.

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