A developmental perspective on the integration of language production and comprehension

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-364
Author(s):  
Saloni Krishnan

AbstractThe integration of language production and comprehension processes may be more specific in terms of developmental timing than Pickering & Garrod (P&G) discuss in their target article. Developmental studies do reveal links between production and comprehension, but also demonstrate that the integration of these skills changes over time. Production-comprehension links occur within specific language skills and specific time windows.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Adib Termizi Ahmad Al Jafari

Masjids symbolise purity with which it is a requirement for a mosque to be free from being owned by anyone and the sole beneficiary is for Allah the Al Mighty. However, Singapore’s needs for land and space to ensure its growth and progress as well as maintaining economy that changes over time made every mosque in Singapore to undergo a change in the lease period or dependant on the legal notice that allows the government to takeover control of the mosque at any point in time. These two issues clearly trespass the basis of beneficiary (wakaf) in Islam in which it is stated that properties that are classified as wakaf, have to be sustainable and are not bound to any conditions. As such, this paper is written to discuss on how a building, that is limited to a specific time period, can be regarded as a mosque, according to the views by scholars of Islamic law. A descriptive and inductive approach is being used in this research’s methodology to gather the scholar’s opinions, as well as their arguments. Analytical and critical approach is used to discuss their views and their arguments to find the opinion that is the closest match with the truth and suffice the needs of the Muslim community in Singapore and their interests. The result of this research shows that there is no consensus among the Islamic jurists that mosques must be built on land that is on wakaf property, which therefore validate the status of mosques in Singapore. This is achieved by using the opinions of scholars that allow mosques to be built on land that is on lease or rent as well as opinions of scholars that allow the use of mats or carpet to be used as a mosque. Keywords: Wakaf, mosque, Islamic law, wakaf property Abstrak Masjid adalah sebuah bangunan yang mempunyai kesucian, sehingga mana disyaratkan bagi sesebuah masjid hendaklah ia terlepas dari hak milik sesiapa dengan di wakafkannya hanya untuk Allah Taala. Akan tetapi keperluan Singapura terhadap tempat dan tanah untuk memastikan ia terus membangun dan maju serta dapat melaksanakan dasar ekonomi yang berasaskan perubahan dari masa ke semasa menjadikan setiap masjid yang berada di dalam pulau ini dihadkan dengan waktu atau tergantung dengan undang-undang yang membolehkan kerajaan mengambil alih masjid tersebut pada bila-bila masa. Kedua-dua pekara itu dengan jelas melanggar asas hukum wakaf yang mensyaratkan agar mana wakaf itu mestilah berkekalan dan tiada tergantung dengan sebarang syarat. Oleh yang demikian kertas kerja ini bertujuan membincangkan sejauh manakah sesebuah bangunan yang terhad dengan waktu tertentu, harus dianggap sebagai masjid pada pandangan fiqh Islami. Pendekatan deskriptif dan induktif telah diguna pakai dalam metodologi kajian ini untuk mengumpul pendapat ulama’, serta hujah-hujah mereka. Manakala pendekatan analitikal dan kritikal pula digunakan bagi membincangkan pandangan para ulama’ serta hujah-hujah mereka untuk mencari pendapat yang paling dekat dengan kebenaran serta menjaga kepentingan dan maslahat masyarakat Islam Singapura. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tiada kesepakatan di antara fuqaha bahawa masjid itu mesti didirikan di atas tanah yang diwakafkan, yang mana ini menjadikan masjid di Singapura sah dianggap sebagai masjid dengan menggunakan pendapat yang mengharuskan ia dibina di atas tanah yang disewa di samping pendapat yang mengharuskan hamparan atau tikar dijadikan sebagai masjid. Kata Kunci: Wakaf, tanah wakaf, masjid, Undang-undang Islam


VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Urban ◽  
Alban Fouasson-Chailloux ◽  
Isabelle Signolet ◽  
Christophe Colas Ribas ◽  
Mathieu Feuilloy ◽  
...  

Abstract. Summary: Background: We aimed at estimating the agreement between the Medicap® (photo-optical) and Radiometer® (electro-chemical) sensors during exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) tests. Our hypothesis was that although absolute starting values (tcpO2rest: mean over 2 minutes) might be different, tcpO2-changes over time and the minimal value of the decrease from rest of oxygen pressure (DROPmin) results at exercise shall be concordant between the two systems. Patients and methods: Forty seven patients with arterial claudication (65 + / - 7 years) performed a treadmill test with 5 probes each of the electro-chemical and photo-optical devices simultaneously, one of each system on the chest, on each buttock and on each calf. Results: Seventeen Medicap® probes disconnected during the tests. tcpO2rest and DROPmin values were higher with Medicap® than with Radiometer®, by 13.7 + / - 17.1 mm Hg and 3.4 + / - 11.7 mm Hg, respectively. Despite the differences in absolute starting values, changes over time were similar between the two systems. The concordance between the two systems was approximately 70 % for classification of test results from DROPmin. Conclusions: Photo-optical sensors are promising alternatives to electro-chemical sensors for exercise oximetry, provided that miniaturisation and weight reduction of the new sensors are possible.


2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Olff ◽  
Mirjam Nijdam ◽  
Kristin Samuelson ◽  
Julia Golier ◽  
Mariel Meewisse ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca D. Stinson ◽  
Zachary Sussman ◽  
Megan Foley Nicpon ◽  
Allison L. Allmon ◽  
Courtney Cornick ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-133

Knowler SP, Gillstedt L, Mitchell TJ et al. Pilot study of head conformation changes over time in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel breed. Veterinary Record 2019. doi:10.1136/vr.105135.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Thombs ◽  
Xiaorui Huang

The macro-comparative decoupling literature has often sought to test the arguments made by the treadmill of production (TP) and ecological modernization (EM) theories. However, due to data limitations, these studies have been limited to analyzing the years after 1960. Given that both theories discuss historical processes operating before 1960, analyzing pre-1960 data is warranted to more comprehensively test the propositions made by both theories. We assess the long-term relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions from 1870 to 2014 using a sample of global North nations. We use Prais-Winsten regression models with time interactions to assess whether, when, and how much CO2 emissions have decoupled from economic growth over time. We find that significant relative decoupling has occurred twice since 1870: during the last 30 years of the nineteenth century, the timing of which is contrary to what both the EM and TP theories might expect, and after 1970. We also observe that the relationship remained relatively stable from the turn of the twentieth century to approximately 1970, which aligns with the arguments made by the classical TP work. We conclude that shifts in the global organization of production have shaped the magnitude of the economic growth–CO2 emissions relationship and its changes over time, which has implications for climate mitigation policy.


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