scholarly journals Wakaf Masjid Secara Bertempoh di Singapura Menurut Perspektif Syariah

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Adib Termizi Ahmad Al Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Masjids symbolise purity with which it is a requirement for a mosque to be free from being owned by anyone and the sole beneficiary is for Allah the Al Mighty. However, Singapore’s needs for land and space to ensure its growth and progress as well as maintaining economy that changes over time made every mosque in Singapore to undergo a change in the lease period or dependant on the legal notice that allows the government to takeover control of the mosque at any point in time. These two issues clearly trespass the basis of beneficiary (wakaf) in Islam in which it is stated that properties that are classified as wakaf, have to be sustainable and are not bound to any conditions. As such, this paper is written to discuss on how a building, that is limited to a specific time period, can be regarded as a mosque, according to the views by scholars of Islamic law. A descriptive and inductive approach is being used in this research’s methodology to gather the scholar’s opinions, as well as their arguments. Analytical and critical approach is used to discuss their views and their arguments to find the opinion that is the closest match with the truth and suffice the needs of the Muslim community in Singapore and their interests. The result of this research shows that there is no consensus among the Islamic jurists that mosques must be built on land that is on wakaf property, which therefore validate the status of mosques in Singapore. This is achieved by using the opinions of scholars that allow mosques to be built on land that is on lease or rent as well as opinions of scholars that allow the use of mats or carpet to be used as a mosque. Keywords: Wakaf, mosque, Islamic law, wakaf property Abstrak Masjid adalah sebuah bangunan yang mempunyai kesucian, sehingga mana disyaratkan bagi sesebuah masjid hendaklah ia terlepas dari hak milik sesiapa dengan di wakafkannya hanya untuk Allah Taala. Akan tetapi keperluan Singapura terhadap tempat dan tanah untuk memastikan ia terus membangun dan maju serta dapat melaksanakan dasar ekonomi yang berasaskan perubahan dari masa ke semasa menjadikan setiap masjid yang berada di dalam pulau ini dihadkan dengan waktu atau tergantung dengan undang-undang yang membolehkan kerajaan mengambil alih masjid tersebut pada bila-bila masa. Kedua-dua pekara itu dengan jelas melanggar asas hukum wakaf yang mensyaratkan agar mana wakaf itu mestilah berkekalan dan tiada tergantung dengan sebarang syarat. Oleh yang demikian kertas kerja ini bertujuan membincangkan sejauh manakah sesebuah bangunan yang terhad dengan waktu tertentu, harus dianggap sebagai masjid pada pandangan fiqh Islami. Pendekatan deskriptif dan induktif telah diguna pakai dalam metodologi kajian ini untuk mengumpul pendapat ulama’, serta hujah-hujah mereka. Manakala pendekatan analitikal dan kritikal pula digunakan bagi membincangkan pandangan para ulama’ serta hujah-hujah mereka untuk mencari pendapat yang paling dekat dengan kebenaran serta menjaga kepentingan dan maslahat masyarakat Islam Singapura. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tiada kesepakatan di antara fuqaha bahawa masjid itu mesti didirikan di atas tanah yang diwakafkan, yang mana ini menjadikan masjid di Singapura sah dianggap sebagai masjid dengan menggunakan pendapat yang mengharuskan ia dibina di atas tanah yang disewa di samping pendapat yang mengharuskan hamparan atau tikar dijadikan sebagai masjid. Kata Kunci: Wakaf, tanah wakaf, masjid, Undang-undang Islam

scholarly journals SOCIAL DISTANCING UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PENYEBARAN COVID-19 PERSPEKTIF MAQASHID AL-SYARIAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Zezen Zainul ali
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time

Pandemic COVID-19 has shocked the world the number of victims of this virus has also reached a high number, even in Indonesia the spread of this virus has spread over time, meeting the fallen victims saved, keep moving to prevent this virus, one can find by appealing to the public to do social ditance that is spending distance with others and avoiding the crowd, to asking the government to issue such as working from home, eliminating activities that involve many people to spend religious activities, this is a lot of pros and cons in the community, of course, the Muslim community, the reason is that social appeals are reinforced, there are no legal rules in Islam either in the Koran and Hadith. This study uses literature data that is analyzed qualitatively. and will discuss the law of the social using maslahah theory which maslahat is the goal of Islamic law (maqshid al-shariah).

Hukum Denda dalam Keuangan Publik Islam di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-328
Author(s):  
Fathul Aminudin Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

Fines are sanctions or punishments that are applied in the form of the obligation to pay a sum of money imposed on the denial of a number of agreements previously agreed upon. There is debate over the status of fines in Islamic law. Some argue that fines may not be used, and some argue that they may be used. In the context of fines for delays in payment of taxes, in fiqh law it can be analogous to ta'zir bi al-tamlīk (punishment for ownership). This can be justified if the tax obligations have met the requirements. Whereas according to Islamic teachings, fines can be categorized as acts in order to obey government orders as taught in the hadith, and in order to contribute to the realization of mutual benefit in the life of the state. As for the amount of the fine, the government cannot arbitrarily determine fines that are too large to burden the people. Penalties are applied as a message of reprimand and as a means to cover the lack of the state budget.

Open Houses from Etic to Emic Perspectives: Casa Aperta in Early-Modern and Nineteenth-Century Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-463
Author(s):  
Raffaella Sarti
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Local People ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
The Status ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

What did early-modern and nineteenth-century Italians mean when they used the expressions tener casa aperta or aver casa aperta, literally to keep open house and to have an open house? In this article I will try to answer this question, which is far less trivial than one might imagine. Before tackling the topic, a premise is necessary. In some previous works, I used an etic category of ‘open houses’, i.e. a category I elaborated to interpret the implications of the presence, in many households, of domestic staff from different classes, places, races than their masters/employers. Such a presence made those houses open. The border between different peoples and cultures was inside the houses themselves that were places of exchanges, confrontations and clashes. In this article, I will develop a different approach: I will map the emic uses of the ‘open-house’ category, i.e. I will analyse how early-modern and nineteenth-century Italians used the expressions tener casa aperta or aver casa aperta. While some uses had to do with hospitality and sociability, others had legal meanings, referring to citizenship rights and privileges, the status of aristocrats, the differences between foreigners and local people and taxpaying. I will pay particular attention to the latter, also suggesting possible geographical differences and changes over time. This will present an opportunity to delve into the cultural and legal world of early-modern and nineteenth-century Italians, and to unveil the importance of houses for one's status.

scholarly journals Growth and Income Inequality: A Comparative Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayla Ogus Binatli
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Over Time

This paper investigates whether the relationship between income inequality and growth changes over time. Two time periods, covering 1970–1985 and 1985–1999, are analyzed and compared. A statistically significant relationship between inequality and growth in either time period fails to emerge. However, there are indications that effect of inequality on growth may be different in the nineties when compared to the seventies. In the literature, a consistent negative effect of inequality on growth is documented although the significance of the effect is open to debate. This paper also finds a negative effect of income inequality on growth in the seventies but, although statistically insignificant, a consistently positive effect in the nineties.

scholarly journals Pemaksaan Zakat oleh Pemerintah dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Penerapannya di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-97
Author(s):  
Khaerul Aqbar ◽  
Sulkifli Herman ◽  
Asri
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Written Sources

This study aims to examine how the application of zakat at the time of the Prophet. and khulafaurasyidin as well as examining how the zakat enforcement system in Indonesia and its application from the perspective of Islamic law. In this study, the authors use a type of library research (library research) whose data sources are obtained from written sources, including books, laws, fiqh books, journals, the internet, and other scientific papers related to the object under study, by using Sharia normative theological approach, juridical approach, and sociological approach. The research results found by researchers are as follows; First, zakat is one of the pillars in supporting the economy of Muslims to overcome economic, social, educational, and health disparities in the country of Indonesia. second; The imposition of zakat in Indonesia can be done by revising the contents of law number 23 of 2011, which is to reduce tax for muzakki on zakat that has been fulfilled. third; the government can impose zakat on the Indonesian Muslim community as long as it can manage zakat by the Sharia without any element of cheating in it. fourth; zakat can be enforced in Indonesia if it can strengthen the role of BAZNAS, LAZ, and BAZ nationally by Article 23 of 2011 Law. Fifth; the imposition and management of zakat at the time of the Prophet and khulafaurrasyidin is something that should be emulated because history has proven its success in managing zakat. sixth; muzakki may distribute their zakat directly to mustahik without going through institutions either from the government or institutions under the protection of the government. seventh; according to the perspective of the Islamic law that every leader who manages the affairs of the Muslims is obliged to take care of his affairs by the provisions of the Shari'a. Eighth; in surah al-Taubah / 9 verse 103 the leaders have been instructed to take zakat from Muslims by applicable regulations.

scholarly journals Varying the Profitability and Cost of Cultivation: A Spatio-Temporal Economic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Farmer Suicides ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Policy Target

The several policies and initiatives has been taken to cope up the problem of agrarian distress, farmer suicides and to increase the farm employment across the different size classes of farming community The government of India (2016-17 budget) has set a policy target of doubling farmers’ income by 2022 by ensuring the food security and income. The present study has explored the trend and pattern of cost of cultivation of paddy and wheat crop across some major producing states over the time period as cost of cultivation is treated one side of the coin while farmers’ income is the other side of the coin. The trend and pattern of different cost, profit, growth rate and efficiency of inputs have estimated across states over time. The descriptive analysis has been done using the CCS data published by CACP. There exists spatio-temporal variation in different costs, profit and growth. Thus a detailed review is needed to identify the state-wise important determinants (inputs) for the cultivation and after identifying the inputs supportive action is required through public policies

Conceptualizing the Caliphate, 632–1517 CE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Abbasid Caliphate ◽  
Islamic Political Thought ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Embodied Practice ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Muslim Scholars

This chapter begins with a discussion of how the embodied practice of the earliest generations of Muslims was essential in consolidating a nearly universal Islamic consensus upon the obligation of appointing a leader for the Muslim community. As such, the caliphate was incorporated into Sunni Islamic law as a legal necessity and a communal obligation, and Muslim scholars attempted to address the institution's increasing divergence from ideals over time. Following the destruction of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad in 656/1258, Muslim scholars of Mamluk Egypt and Syria drew from this rich tradition of Islamic political thought and jurisprudence to articulate creative solutions that bolstered the socio-legal foundations of the reconstituted caliphate in Cairo. As intellectual predecessors, teachers, disciples, colleagues, rivals, and adversaries, these premodern scholars were connected to each other through intricate social webs that traversed the centuries of Mamluk rule from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries.

A School Atlas as a History Machine: The Bosatlas Online

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferjan Ormeling
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
The Status ◽  
Over Time

In principle, a school atlas presents the status quo at a given moment, but when it is regarded as a serial work regularly updated, and when, thanks to digital technologies, the same maps in consecutive atlas editions can be compared one to another, then movement over time is visualized. With a customized tool, one may pick one particular map in the nth edition of the atlas and then compare it to the same map in the previous or the next edition on a shared screen, to find out what changes occurred within a specific time frame. Examples of possible applications at different scales show that each map type (because of the kind of symbols used) and each scale level have their own types of stories unfolding.

The pattern of evolution in Pleistocene human brain size

Paleobiology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hee Lee ◽  
Milford H. Wolpoff
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
New Method ◽  
Cranial Capacity ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Single Process ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

With a sample of 94 Pleistocene cranial capacities between the time period of 1.8 Ma and 50 Ka now known, we consider the evolution of cranial capacity in Homo, with the null hypothesis that the changes over time are a result of one process. We employ a new method that uses a resampling approach to address the limitations imposed on the methods of previous studies. To test the null hypothesis, we examine the distribution of changes in adjacent temporal samples and ask whether there are differences between earlier and later samples. Our analyses do not reject the hypothesis of a single process of brain size change, but they are incompatible with an interpretation of punctuated equilibrium during this period. The results of this paper are difficult to reconcile with the case for cladogenesis in the Homo lineage during the Pleistocene.

scholarly journals KENDALA PERUBAHAN STATUS BADAN KREDIT DESA MENJADI LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG DESA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
A. Zaky Fuad ◽  
Risma Nur Arifah
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Asset Ownership ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Ownership Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Credit Agency ◽  
The Government ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village

POJK Number 10/POJK.03/2016 about fulfilment rules Credit Bank of People and transformation, BKD to commit a process of Credit Bank of People explain that BKD (Village Credit Agency) an effort reinforcement institutions that have legal entities. In practice, this transformation is not easy, a recurring obstacle among others accordance asset ownership status. This research is study of empirical law with with a socilogical juridical approach, a concept approach, and a legislation approach. The results showed that the constraints of status changes that occurred in BUMDES in Genteng Subdistrict has several factors, including unclear regulations punlished by the government related to the mechanisms of transforming BKD into BUMDES, management of Human Resources (HR) which was not maximized, lack of response and support from the community. While efforts to resolve the status change constraints include the village government giving concrete understanding of the community related to changing the status of the BKD into BUMDES, uniting the vision and mission of the organizer, holding a discussion forum with several layers related and involved in the process of transferring status. While efforts to resolve constraint by Islamic law with holding a consensus deliberation for common wealth which in the end BKD in Banyuwangi Regency agreed to do cooperation between BUMDES which in this case BUMDES together trough PT. BKD Banyuwangi in order to save assets.

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