Human path navigation in a three-dimensional world

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Barnett-Cowan ◽  
Heinrich H. Bülthoff
Keyword(s):  
Path Integration ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Computational Load ◽  
Path Navigation ◽  
Upright Head ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractJeffery et al. propose a non-uniform representation of three-dimensional space during navigation. Fittingly, we recently revealed asymmetries between horizontal and vertical path integration in humans. We agree that representing navigation in more than two dimensions increases computational load and suggest that tendencies to maintain upright head posture may help constrain computational processing, while distorting neural representation of three-dimensional navigation.

Spatial phenomenology requires potential illumination

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-426
Author(s):  
James A. Schirillo
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Spatial Model ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Color Constancy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Collapsing three-dimensional space into two violates Lehar's “volumetric mapping” constraint and can cause the visual system to construct illusory transparent regions to replace voxels that would have contained illumination. This may underlie why color constancy is worse in two dimensions, and argues for Lehar to revise his phenomenal spatial model by putting “potential illumination” in empty space.

3D Navigational Path Planning

Robotica ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Rao ◽  
Ronald C. Arkin
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Polyhedral Objects ◽  
3D Surfaces ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

SUMMARYThe problem of path planning for a mobile robot has been studied extensively in recent literature. Much of the work in this area is devoted to the study of path planning for an earth-bound robot in two dimensions. In this paper, we explore the problem for a robot that can fly in three dimensional space or crawl on 3D surfaces or use a combination of both. We assume that the obstacles can be modeled as polyhedral objects.

Young Children's Painting of the Sky and the Ground

1990 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Young children often leave a gap between the sky and the horizon in their drawings and paintings. Study 1 examined the landscape paintings of a group of 45 7-10-year-old children and found the children leaving an air gap to be significantly younger than those painting the sky to the horizon. In addition the omission of the air gap was associated with the use of devices to represent three-dimensional space in two dimensions. In Study 2 a group of 7-8-year old chldren painted landscapes on two occasions separated by 7-7.5 months. This study suggested that there are a series of stages between leaving a gap and painting the sky to meet the horizon. It is concluded that painting the sky to meet the horizon may be one of several strategies for representing three-dimensional space, which develops over the age range studied.

Representation of three-dimensional visual space in the cerebral cortex

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. R. Maunsell
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Complex Stimulus ◽  
Visual Hemifield ◽  
Extrastriate Areas ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

This article reviews two issues relevant to the topic of how three-dimensional space is represented in the cerebral cortex. The first is the question of how individual neurons encode information that might contribute to stereoscopic estimation of visual depth. Particular attention is given to the current understanding of the neural representation of motion through three-dimensional space and to the complexities that arise in interpreting neuronal responses to this complex stimulus parameter. The second issue considered is the disorderliness that exists in the retinotopic mapping of the visual field in some cortical visual areas. Several extrastriate areas have been found to contain maps of the contralateral visual hemifield that are disorderly in the sense that the representation of various parts of the visual field are often misplaced or grossly over-or under-represented. It is suggested that this disorderliness may in some cases represent adaptations to facilitate certain types of visual functions.

Scanning Path Planning in Laser Bending of Tube Based on Curvature

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Xu Yue Wang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
L.J. Wang ◽  
W.J. Xu ◽  
D.M. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Extreme Point ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Laser Bending ◽  
Scanning Path ◽  
Scanning Path Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

A method is presented based on geometric-curvature characteristics in which a scanning path planning for laser bending of a straight tube into a curve tube in a two- and three-dimensional space. In a two-dimensional (plane) bending, the steel tube is divided into several segments according to the extreme point and inflection point of the desired shape of the tube, taking the extreme point as the initial place of the path planning, using different scanning space for every segment in order to identify the scanning paths. For a tube bending in a three-dimensional space, a projection decomposition method is used, where the three-dimensional is decomposed into two two-dimensions, and respective scanning path planning and process parameters are thus acquired. By combining the data in the two-dimensional planes, the three-dimensional scanning path plan was obtained. Finally, an experimental verification is carried out to bend straight tubes into a two-dimensional sinusoidal and a three-dimensional helical coil-shaped tube. The results show that the proposed method of scanning path planning is effective and feasible.

scholarly journals Fotografías que seccionan una mirada a Le Corbusier

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Barberá Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Domestic Space ◽  
The Public ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Resumen: El texto, titulado Fotografías que seccionan una mirada a Le Corbusier, analiza algunas imágenes de casas construidas de Le Corbusier y Pierre Jeanneret. Las fotografías tienen características comunes que nos presentan un plano en dos dimensiones, el marco de un hueco, y un espacio en tres dimensiones, el de la habitación representada. Las fotografías, al mostrar un hueco y un espacio, incitan a pensar que se están refiriéndose a la experiencia arquitectónica de traspasar un vano. Interpretaciones sobre el uso y la actividad en el interior del espacio doméstico en relación con el espacio público componen el resto del escrito. Abstract: The text, entitled Photographs that severed a look at Le Corbusier, analyzes some pictures to houses built by Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret. The photographs have common characteristics that lead to the interpretation that we have a plan in two dimensions within a hole, and three-dimensional space, the room represented. The photographs, showing a hole and a space, incite to think that they are referring to the architectural experience of crossing a vain. Interpretations on the use and activity within the domestic space in relation to the public space make up the rest of the writing.  Palabras clave: Le Corbusier, Iglesia, Savoye, Cook, Planeix, Ozenfant. Keywords: Le Corbusier; Church; Savoye; Cook; Planeix; Ozenfant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.681

Optimization of a Grid of Candidates in the Search Procedure of the MAFA Method

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slawomir Cellmer ◽  
Krzysztof Nowel ◽  
Dawid Kwasniak
Keyword(s):  
Carrier Phase ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Search Procedure ◽  
Classical Approach ◽  
Computational Load ◽  
Lambda Method ◽  
Fixed Solution ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Precise, carrier phase-based positioning requires a search procedure for “fixed solution” i.e. a solution, that takes into account the integer nature of ambiguities. In the classical approach (the Lambda method) the search for a fixed solution is conducted in the ambiguity domain. The computational load in this case depends on a number of satellites (the dimension of an ambiguity space amounts to: the number of satellites minus one). Conversely, in the MAFA method the search procedure is conducted in the coordinate-domain, (i.e. in three-dimensional space). It considerably reduces the computational load. In the article the search procedure in the coordinate domain is described. The technique of forming the optimized grid of candidates is presented, and the results of the tests are presented and analyzed.

An Integrated Recommender System Using Semantic Web With Social Tagging System

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Indra ◽  
Muthuraman Thangaraj
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Latent Semantic Indexing ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Social Tagging ◽  
Recommendation Algorithms ◽  
Precision Time ◽  
Value Decomposition ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Social tagging systems (STSs) allow collaborative users to share and annotate many types of resources with descriptive and semantically meaningful information in freely chosen text labels. STS provides three recommendations such as tag, item and user recommendations. Existing recommendation algorithms transform the three dimensional space of user, resource, and tag into two dimensions using pair relations in order to apply existing techniques. However, users may have different interests for an item, and items may have multiple facets. To circumvent this, a new system that models three types of entities user, tag and item in a STS as a 3-order tensor is proposed. The sparsity is reduced using stemming and predictions are made by applying latent semantic indexing using randomized singular value decomposition (RSVD). The proposal provides all the three recommendations using semantic web and shows notable improvements in terms of effectiveness through indices such as recall, precision, time and space.

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