Shamanism within a general theory of religious action (no cheesecake needed)

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
General Term ◽  
Evolutionary Constraints ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
The Creation

AbstractSingh places the understanding of shamanism within the cognitive/evolutionary psychology of religion but is then sidetracked by presenting unhelpful analogies. The concepts of “superstition” as a general term for religious rituals and of “superstitious learning” as a mechanism accounting for the creation of rituals in humans reflect an underestimation of the human imagination, which is guided by cognitive/evolutionary constraints. Mentalizing, hypervigilance in agent detection, and anthropomorphism explain the behaviors involved in religious illusions (or delusions).

An Evolutionary Psychology of Religion

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Patton Barone
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Psychology Of Religion

CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES AIMED AT DISORGANIZING THE ACTIVITIES OF INSTITUTIONS THAT PROVIDE ISOLATION FROM SOCIETY, AND THOSE WHO ARE CONVICTED OF COMMITTING THEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Андрей Владимирович Кулаков ◽  
Ольга Рениславовна Родионова
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Prison Staff ◽  
The Creation

В настоящее время создание безопасных условий исполнения и отбывания уголовного наказания в виде лишения свободы, укрепление защищенности сотрудников пенитенциарных учреждений от возможных угроз и опасных посягательств является одной из актуальных задач, стоящих перед уголовно-исполнительной системой. Данная ситуация сложилась в результате современной государственной политики в сфере противодействия преступности, а именно гуманизации наказания, что привело к изменению количественного и качественного состава осужденных, отбывающих наказание в местах лишения свободы, и осложнило оперативную обстановку. В статье отмечается, что несмотря на незначительное количество действий, дезорганизующих работу исправительного учреждения, в структуре пенитенциарной преступности, данные деликты имеют повышенную общественную опасность, так как совершаются в период отбывания наказания, и высокую латентность в силу как объекта (основного, дополнительного и факультативного), так и способа посягательства. Признавая криминологические данные основой для выработки мер противодействия преступности, в том числе пенитенциарной, авторы исследуют показатели одного из видов преступлений, совершаемых в исправительных колониях, - дезорганизация деятельности учреждений, обеспечивающих изоляцию от общества, а также личность преступника. Проведенное исследование позволило дать криминологическую характеристику преступлений, направленных на дезорганизацию деятельности учреждений, обеспечивающих изоляцию от общества, в частности, исправительных учреждений, а также определить особенности личности осужденных, их совершающих. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при разработке теории преступного поведения и личности преступника, в частности, пенитенциарного. Currently, the creation of safe conditions for the execution and serving of criminal sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty, strengthening the protection of prison staff from possible threats and dangerous attacks is one of the urgent tasks facing the penal system. This situation has developed as a result of modern state policy in the field of combating crime, namely, the humanization of punishment, which has led to a change in the quantitative and qualitative composition of convicts serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty, and has complicated the operational situation. The article notes that despite the small number of actions that disorganize the work of a correctional institution, in the structure of penitentiary crime, these torts have an increased public danger, since they are committed during the period of serving a sentence, and high latency due to both the object (both the main and optional) and the method of encroachment. Recognizing criminological data as the basis for developing measures to counteract crime, including penitentiary, the authors study indicators of one of the types of crimes committed in correctional colonies - disorganization of institutions that provide isolation from society, as well as the identity of the criminal. The research made it possible to give criminological characteristics of crimes aimed at disorganizing the activities of institutions that provide isolation from society, in particular correctional institutions, as well as to determine the personality of the convicted person who commits them.The results of the study can be used in the development of a General theory of criminal behavior and the personality of the criminal, and the penitentiary in particular.

scholarly journals Análise crítica da teoria dos direitos humanos na obra de Michel Villey

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Rabay Guerra ◽  
Henrique Jerônimo Bezerra Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
General Theory ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Christian Wolff ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Given ◽  
Intrinsic Contradiction ◽  
Do So

RESUMOEste artigo tem por objeto a Teoria dos Direitos Humanos em Michel Villey. Seu objetivo é apresentar uma contestação à alegação de Michel Villey de que os direitos humanos não podem ser considerados Direito. Para tanto, realiza uma apresentação da Teoria dos Direitos Humanos em Michel Villey, passando pela criação dos direitos humanos em Thomas Hobbes, a inversão de objetivos dos direitos humanos em John Locke e a expansão dos direitos humanos em Christian Wolff. Em seguida passa a apresentar a crítica de Michel Villey aos direitos humanos e as falhas deste autor ao realizar suas acusações, haja vista a possibilidade de solução das contradições (colisões) entre os direitos humanos, além de que não se pode confundir o critério de validade da norma com sua eficácia. O trabalho conclui pela juridicidade dos direitos humanos ao demonstrar que a suposta contradição não seria razão para retirar esta qualidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVEFilosofia do Direito. Direitos Humanos. Michel Villey. ABSTRACTThe present work deals with the General Theory of Human Rights in Michel Villey. Its purpose is to present a challenge to Michel Villeys’ claim that human rights are not legal norms. To do so, the text presents the General Theory of Human Rights in Michel Villey, including the creation of human rights by Thomas Hobbes, the changing perspective attributed to John Locke and the numerical expansion of human rights attributed to Christian Wolff. The text then presents Michel Villeys’ critics of human rights and the problems with those critics; specifically, that the given conflicts between norms aren’t sufficient to declare that they aren’t legal norms, other than that, the text points that in his critics Michel Villey confuses the concepts of validity of the norm with its effectiveness. The work concludes that human rights are legal norms and its supposed intrinsic contradiction is not sufficient to withdraw this quality.KEYWORDSPhilosophy of Law. Human Rights. Michel Villey.

Asymptotic expansions and converging factors I. General theory and basic converging factors

1958 ◽  
Vol 244 (1239) ◽  
pp. 456-475 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Expansion ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Asymptotic Expansions ◽  
General Term ◽  
Stokes Phenomenon

It is shown that by the application of Borel’s method of summation to the later terms of an asymptotic expansion, the ‘sum’ of such terms can normally be replaced by an easily calculable series involving ‘basic converging factors’. As particular consequences, [i] the remainder in a truncated asymptotic expansion can be written down once the general term in the expansion is known; [ii] the converging factor for a given asymptotic expansion can conveniently be calculated from the basic converging factors; and [iii] the Stokes phenomenon is simply expressed in terms of discontinuities in these basic quantities. Formulae and tables are given for the basic converging factors.

Superstition & Religious Ritual: An Examination of Their Effects and Utilization in Sport

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M.J. Maranise
Keyword(s):  
Sport Participation ◽  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
Sports Psychology ◽  
Holistic Development ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Popular View

This article discusses the use of superstition and religious rituals within sport. While the popular view among skeptics seems to be that religious ritual is nothing more than superstition, I argue that while there admittedly are many similarities, there also exist major differences which separate superstition and religious ritual into distinct entities. The realm of sport is one widely known for the numerous exhibitions of both superstition and religious ritual. The examples of sport-related superstition and religious ritual are so numerous that they have even gained noted media attention in the past two decades. Thus, I situate both terms within the practical framework of sport participation. From this foundation, I define both terms in context and begin to examine the effects on athletes’ individual holistic development arguing that religious ritual leads ultimately to a greater holistic development than does superstition. Holistic development is examined in four aspects which are comprised of physiology, emotionality, intellectuality, and spirituality. The positive effects of religious ritual as applied within athletics are mentioned in each aforementioned category. I approach the topic from the perspective of the psychology of religion, sports psychology, as well as Judeo-Christian theological concepts regarding religious ritual. The numerous positive benefits of religious ritual over superstition within athletics lead to a final argument that religious ritual provides significant meaning to the lives of athletes in a way which superstition is simply unable.

scholarly journals NIKLAS LUHMANN’S SOCIAL SYSTEMS THEORY: THE ISSUE OF SUBSYSTEM AUTONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4/2020) ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
Milorad Djuric ◽  
Djordje Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Dynamic Complexity ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Classical Sociology

Niklas Luhmann articulates the basic elements of his authentic theoretical position as criticism of, as he calls them, classical sociology or classical organisation theory. While within these orientations, (social) systems are mainly interpreted as centralised entities whose structures are stabilised by purpose determined at the top, Luhmann, in his general theory of social systems privileges internal differentiation in which subsystems autonomously define their purposes, making society more flexible and capable of responding to environmental challenges. In that sense, the main intention of this paper is the creation of cognitive interest for the notions of complexity and flexibility, i.e. for the issue of subsystem autonomy, as the important elements of Luhmann’s general theory of social systems. Our premise is that the establishment of subsystem autonomy is not a matter of mere, a priori, theoretical and/or practical arbitrariness, nor does it mean an introduction into deconstruction of the system, but it represents a necessary step in the creation of successful responses of the social system to problems arising from the immense and dynamic complexity of its own environment. In other words, through the process of internal differentiation, by establishing subsystem autonomy, the social system increases its own complexity, i.e. ability to adjust to the environment. Thus, challenges arising from the environment are not transferred to the whole, but localised and processed in the appropriate, autonomous parts of the system. By so increasing its internal complexity, the system undeniably acquires the necessary flexibility, or capability for a faster and more efficient creation of alternative.

scholarly journals Experiments on the duration of impacts, mainly of bars with rounded ends, in elucidation of the elastic theory

1924 ◽  
Vol 105 (733) ◽  
pp. 544-570 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Elastic Theory ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Hertz Theory ◽  
Dissipation Of Energy ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Two Bodies

The general theory of impact enunciated by Newton divides bodies into two classes, "perfectly elastic" and "imperfectly elastic." In the former class, no sensible dissipation of energy occurs during impact, while in the latter a certain proportion of the energy of the relative motion is always dissipated ultimately into heat. Many actual bodies are not far from being perfectly elastic in the Newtonian sense. For the theoretical discussion of the problem, we have at our disposal two distinct mathematical theories applicable mainly under different conditions, due to Hertz and St. Venant. The Hertz theory, which regards impact as a statical effect, rests on the foundation that when two bodies are pressed steadily together, they come into contact over a small area and that intense stress is developed in the bodies locally around it, rapidly falling off at a distance. The creation of a state of strain is accomplished by wave propagation, but each stage of the compression is so slow that infinitesimal waves have time to adjust it locally without drawing away any sensible fraction of the energy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document