scholarly journals Bio-culturally grounded: why separation and connection may not be the same around the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Lee ◽  
Gianluca Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Culturally Grounded ◽  
Developmental Neuroscience ◽  
The World ◽  
Vicarious Experiences

Abstract Central to the account of grounded procedures is the premise that mental experiences are grounded in physical actions. We complement this account by incorporating frameworks in cultural psychology and developmental neuroscience, with new predictions. Through the examples of vicarious experiences and demerit transfer, we discuss why, and how, separation and connection may operate somewhat differently across cultures.

Послестолетийодиночества:изменение социальнойпсихологиисирийскиххристианвновоевремя

2019 ◽  
pp. 218-255
Author(s):  
T.Yu. Kobischanov
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The World ◽  
Psychological Transformation ◽  
History Of

Quite often in the course of historical events, social and economic changes obscure the changes in cultural psychology of ethnic groups and their representatives. The historical science explains what happened, how and why it was happening but very rarely gives us a chance to understand what people were feeling in this respect, what processes were going on in their individual and common consciousness and in the subconscious. The drama that the Christians of the Middle East are going through, the final act of which we are probably witnessing these days, urges us to look for its roots in the distant past. The Ottoman period in the history of East Christian communities is of particular significance. The Middle East Christians got under the Turkish rule as a discriminated minority pushed out on the curb of sociopolitical life, but by the beginning of the 20th century the Christians of the Middle East as a whole, and Christian communities of Syria and Lebanon in particular, were flourishing and were perfectly well adapted to possibilities that inclusion of the Ottoman state into the world capitalist system had to offer. The upgrade of the Christians status was accompanied by gradual changes in their social psychology including self identification of the members of the Christian communities, remodelling of their behaviour patterns in everyday life and in conflict situations as well as psychology of introconfessional relations. This research is an attempt to describe and analyse this cultural and psychological transformation.Нередко в ходе исторических событий социальноэкономические изменения затмевают изменения в культурной психологии этнических групп и их представителей. Историческая наука объясняет, что произошло, как и почему это происходило, но очень редко дает нам возможность понять, что чувствовали люди в этом отношении, какие процессы происходили в их индивидуальном и общем сознании и в подсознании. Драма, которую переживают христиане Ближнего Востока, заключительный акт которой мы, вероятно, наблюдаем в эти дни, побуждает нас искать ее корни в далеком прошлом. Османский период в истории восточных христианских общин имеет особое значение. Ближневосточные христиане попали под турецкое правление как дискриминируемое меньшинство, вытесненное на обочину общественнополитической жизни, но к началу 20 века христиане Ближнего Востока в целом, и христианские общины Сирии и Ливана в частности, процветали и были прекрасно приспособлены к возможностям, которые могло предложить включение Османского государства в мировую капиталистическую систему. Обновление статуса христиан сопровождалось постепенными изменениями в их социальной психологии, включая самоидентификацию членов христианских общин, перестройку их моделей поведения в повседневной жизни и в конфликтных ситуациях, а также психологию внутриконфессиональных отношений. Это исследование является попыткой описать и проанализировать эту культурную и психологическую трансформацию.

How Universal Is Media Entertainment, Really? On the Enriching Potential of Cross-Cultural Approaches for Existing Entertainment Scholarship

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-122
Author(s):  
Özen Odağ
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
Western World ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Behavior And Cognition

The current chapter focuses on the (cross-)cultural appeal of existing entertainment theories, showcasing the meager evidence that exists with respect to their universality. The central argument throughout the chapter is that most entertainment theories have originated in the Western world and little has so far been done to apply them to the much larger rest of the world. The rest of the world has shown to be profoundly different, however, with respect to various dimensions of human behavior and cognition, including self-concepts, emotion appraisal and display, valued affect, thinking styles, values, and well-being maxims. The chapter scrutinizes five pertinent entertainment theories for their ability to explain this cultural variation. It suggests the inclusion of fruitful macro- and micro-level concepts from cross-cultural psychology and intercultural communication to increase their global explanatory power. The main aim of the current chapter is to spark an overdue (cross-)cultural evolution of media entertainment scholarship.

The Behavioral and Cognitive Manifestations of Blindness in Children

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Pring ◽  
Valerie Tadić
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Developmental Neuroscience ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Ground-breaking progress in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders has allowed us far more insight into blindness and visual impairment (VI). The field of cognitive neuroscience has now established itself solidly in the literature, combining the knowledge from cognitive psychology, clinical studies related to brain damage, and neuroscience to open the way to significant advances in understanding. In recent years, the optimism engendered from the adult studies has played a large part in providing the impetus for developmental studies and in particular developmental neuroscience (Johnson 2005; Tager-Flusberg 1999). It is from this developmental neuroscience perspective that we can begin to understand the cognitive and behavioral manifestations associated with blindness and VI; albeit with the proviso that children with VI present particularly heterogeneous developmental patterns when compared to typically developing children (Fraiberg 1971). In considering the effects of blindness and VI, this chapter will focus on social understanding, language, cognition, and motor development. However, it begins with brief introductions to epidemiology and the effects of blindness on the functional and structural organization of the brain, which it is hoped will provide a useful context in which to consider the development of children who cannot see. Today the number of blind people in the world stands at 45 million, even though up to 75% of blindness could be avoided either by treatment or by prevention. The number of people with avoidable blindness will have doubled from 1990 to 2020 unless there is rapid and effective intervention, and the total number of the blind is projected to be as many as 76 million by 2020. To prevent this scenario, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) have jointly initiated Vision 2020, a project that aims to eliminate the main causes of avoidable blindness by the year 2020, with the ultimate long-term goal of a world in which all avoidable blindness is eliminated and in which everyone with unavoidable vision loss reaches their full potential. The top priority of Vision 2020 is the prevention of childhood blindness. At present there are 1.4 million children under the age of 15 who are blind.

Decolonizing Psychology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
American Psychology ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
Urban Indian ◽  
The World ◽  
Youth Population

Decolonizing Psychology sheds light on the universalizing power and the colonizing dimensions of Euro-American psychology. The book integrates insights from postcolonial, narrative, and cultural psychology to ask how Euro-American scientific psychology becomes the standard-bearer of psychology throughout the world, whose stories get told, what knowledge is considered as legitimate, and whose lives are considered central to the future of psychology. Urban Indian youth represent one of the largest segments of the youth population across the world and yet remain so utterly invisible in the discipline of psychology. By using ethnographic and interview methods, this book draws a nuanced narrative portrait of how urban youth in Pune, India, who belong to the transnational elite, middle and working classes, reimagine their identities within the new structural and neoliberal cultural contexts of globalization and neoliberalization. The book examines how particular class identities shape youth narratives about globalization and “Indianness” generally, as well as specific stories about self and identity, social inequality, dignity, poverty, family, relationships, work, marriage, and practices of consumption. The book articulates an alternative vision of psychology in which questions of social justice and equality are seen as central to its mission, and it is argued that a psychology is needed that urgently and meaningfully speaks to the lives of the majority of the world’s population.

Context in Person, Person in Context

2012 ◽  
pp. 181-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Adams
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Culturally Grounded ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ways Of Being

This chapter applies a cultural psychology framework to provide a macrosocial account of social-personality psychology. Extending the standard social-psychological emphasis on the importance of context, the first section considers the cultural constitution of personal experience. A history of engagement with particular cultural affordances shapes a person with an associated set of residual tendencies such that what appear to be “personal” dispositions are instead a form of context in person: embodied traces of a person’s engagement with ecological structures of mind that continually reconstitute the person’s habitual ways of being. Extending an emphasis on importance of subjective construal, the second section considers the psychological constitution of cultural worlds. As people act on subjective interpretations, their behavior leaves traces on objective realities to create a form of person in context: everyday constructions of reality that bear the influence of personal activity. In this way, a cultural psychology analysis balances the traditional social psychological emphasis on “the power of the situation” with a restored emphasis on the power of the culturally grounded person as (re)constructor of intentional worlds.

A Call for Greater Attention to Culture in the Study of Brain and Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 174569162093146
Author(s):  
Yang Qu ◽  
Nathan A. Jorgensen ◽  
Eva H. Telzer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cultural Neuroscience ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Developmental Neuroscience ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Despite growing research on neurobiological development, little attention has been paid to cultural and ethnic variation in neurodevelopmental processes. We present an overview of the current state of developmental cognitive neuroscience with respect to its attention to cultural issues. Analyses based on 80 publications represented in five recent meta-analyses related to adolescent developmental neuroscience show that 99% of the publications used samples in Western countries. Only 22% of studies provided a detailed description of participants’ racial/ethnic background, and only 18% provided for socioeconomic status. Results reveal a trend in developmental cognitive neuroscience research: The body of research is derived not only mostly from Western samples but also from participants whose race/ethnicity is unknown. To achieve a holistic perspective on brain development in different cultural contexts, we propose and highlight an emerging interdisciplinary approach—developmental cultural neuroscience—the intersection of developmental psychology, cultural psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. Developmental cultural neuroscience aims to elucidate cultural similarities and differences in neural processing across the life span. We call attention to the importance of incorporating culture into the empirical investigation of neurodevelopment.

A Call for Greater Attention to Culture in the Study of Brain and Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Qu ◽  
Nathan Jorgensen ◽  
Eva H. Telzer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cultural Neuroscience ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Developmental Neuroscience ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Despite growing research on neurobiological development, little attention has been paid to cultural and ethnic variation in neurodevelopmental processes. We present an overview of the current state of developmental cognitive neuroscience, with respect to its attention to cultural issues. Analyses based on 80 publications represented in 5 recent meta-analyses related to adolescent developmental neuroscience show that 99% of the publications utilized samples in Western countries. Only 22% of studies provided a detailed description of participants’ racial/ethnic background and 18% for socioeconomic status. Results reveal a trend in developmental cognitive neuroscience research: not only is this body of research mostly derived from Western samples, but the race/ethnicity of the majority of participants is unknown. To achieve a holistic perspective on brain development in different cultural contexts, we propose and highlight an emerging interdisciplinary approach – developmental cultural neuroscience – the intersection of developmental psychology, cultural psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. Developmental cultural neuroscience aims to elucidate cultural similarities and differences in neural processing across the lifespan. We call attention to the importance of incorporating culture into the empirical investigation of neurodevelopment.

scholarly journals Why Indigenous Psychology? A Review Article

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Padalia
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Indigenous Psychology ◽  
The World ◽  
Indigenous Psychologies

Indigenous Psychology is an emerging field in psychology (Kim et al., 2006, p.3). It has received great attention in the last 30 years with a number of articles and books been dedicated to the topic. Any discussion on this topic is often surrounded by a dialogue on cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology. The primary aim of this paper is to understand the purpose behind the origin and development of indigenous psychologies that has been seen in various parts of the world and view it in light of cultural psychology.

scholarly journals The future of cultural psychology: An interview with Jaan Valsiner

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-329
Author(s):  
Jaan Valsiner ◽  
Carolin Demuth ◽  
Brady Wagoner ◽  
Bo Allesøe Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

Jaan Valsiner (JV) has been the foremost cultural psychologist in the world for the last 30 years. In 2021 professor Valsiner turned seventy, and he agreed to do an interview with colleagues and students on his understanding of cultural psychology, its potential for innovation and its connection to his many interesting experiences from around the world. The interview was conducted by the three directors of the Center for Cultural Psychology in Aalborg Denmark: Carolin Demuth (CD), Brady Wagoner (BW), and Bo Allesøe Christensen (BA). For an extensive discussion of the different sides of Valsiner work, readers can consult the recently published Festschrift (Wagoner, B., Christensen, B., & Demuth, C. [Eds.]. [2021]. Culture as process: A tribute to Jaan Valsiner. Springer.).

scholarly journals Researcher in Childhood Research: Attitudes, Beliefs, Their Manifestation and Change

Pedagogika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Daiva Malinauskienė ◽  
Audronė Juodaitytė
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Information Need ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

Modern childhood research is more and more positioned towards the child, his/her abilities to perceive himself/herself and the world. In this case, the child becomes the subject of the research who has his/her own “voice”. It is characteristic of the research when it is conducted in the interaction of childhood sociology and historical and cultural psychology. In such research, the introduction of the adult filter becomes especially complicated, because they are children, not adults, who represent their own world of childhood. It is attempted to start the research from the analysis of a particular child and his/her situation of being in the present. Thus the child’s changed status and his/her new social roles are acknowledged. Researchers think that children have their opinion on all the issues of life: educational, cultural, political, economical ones, etc. Involving children in the research, it is suggested that they need to be interviewed individually and information need to be collected, focusing on the fact that the information might be important not only to children but also to adults. Information also helps the researcher himself/herself better understand the modern world of childhood and the child. Adults are only involved in the research when it is attempted to find out the links by which they are related to children and the role they perform in their life.

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