scholarly journals VIII. Theory of Flares

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
E. R. Priest
Keyword(s):  
Active Region ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Solar Physics ◽  
Type A ◽  
Loop Structure ◽  
Simple Loop ◽  
Solar Maximum Mission ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chromospheric Emission

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory for the initiation and development of solar flares has developed considerably over the past 3 years and represents one of the liveliest areas of solar physics (Hood & Priest, 1981a, Priest 1983a, b, Schindler 1982, Van Hoven 1982, Syrovatskii et al. 1983). This has been stimulated by a thorough analysis of the Skylab observations and also by the startling new observations from the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM). In addition, the realization that flares appear to form two basic types, namely, small simple-loop flares and large two-ribbon flares, has focussed the imagination of theorists (e.g.. Priest 1981, 1982), even though reality may be somewhat more complex. In the former type, a single-loop structure brightens up and decays without moving; whereas in the latter, an active region filament erupts and then two ribbons of chromospheric emission form and separate, with an arcade of hot and cool loops joining them.

VIII. Theory of Solar Flares

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.R. Priest
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Solar Maximum Mission ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mission Satellite

By far the most significant event for Solar Flares as a whole over the past 3 years has been the operation of the Solar Maximum Mission Satellite, together with the accompanying data analysis, ground-based support and theoretical modelling. This has culminated in the series of SMM Flare Workshops, whose proceedings have now appeared (Kundu and Woodgate 1986 (I)), with chapters on a wide variety of topics which indicate the enormity and complexity of the flare problem.

scholarly journals Preface

1991 ◽  
Vol 336 (1643) ◽  
pp. 323-323
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Solar Maximum Mission ◽  
New Information ◽  
Three Space

During the period of the 1980 solar maximum three space missions (P78-1, Solar Maximum Mission and Hinotori ) carried out extensive studies of solar flares. In their different ways all of these missions contributed significant new information to our understanding of the solar flare phenomenon. In this volume the contribution made by these three spacecraft to the study of the energy release and the related creation of high-tem perature plasma, the transport of energy from the primary release site, the production of gamma-rays at energies up to 10 MeV and the ejection of solar matter into interplanetary space are reviewed.

Atomic physics calculations relevant to solar flare spectra

1991 ◽  
Vol 336 (1643) ◽  
pp. 471-484 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Atomic Physics ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Atomic Data ◽  
Solar Maximum Mission ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Recombination Processes

Solar flare spectra in the ultraviolet and X-ray wavelength regions are rich in emission lines from highly ionized ions, formed at temperatures around 10 7 K. These lines can be used as valuable diagnostics for probing the physical conditions in solar flares. Such analyses require accurate atomic data for excitation, ionization and recombination processes. In this paper, we present a review of work which has already been carried out, in particular for the Solar Maximum Mission observations, and we look to future requirements for Solar-A .

scholarly journals Four Subjects in Solar Physics from the Point of View of the Electric Current Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Syun-Ichi Akasofu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Solar Physics ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Coronal Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electromagnetic Processes ◽  
Difficult Subjects

Four major subjects in solar physics, the heating of the corona, the cause of the solar wind, the formation of sunspots and the cause of solar flares, are discussed on the basis of the electric current approach, a sequence of processes consisting of power supply(dynamo), transmission (currents/circuits) and dissipation(high coronal temperature, solar wind, sunspots and solar flares).This is because the four subjects have hardly been considered in terms of the electric current approach in the past, in spite of the fact that these subjects are various manifestations of electromagnetic processes. It is shown that this approach provides a new systematic way of considering each subject; (1) the long-standing issue of the coronal temperature, (2)the long-standing problem on the cause of the solar wind, (3)the presence of single spots(forgotten or dismissed in the past) and its relation to unipolar magnetic regions and (4) the crucial power/energy source and subsequent explosive processes of solar flares. The four subjects are obviously extremely complicated and difficult subjects, but it is hoped that the electric current approach might provide a new insight in considering the four subjects.

Solar physics: New lease on life for the Solar Maximum Mission

Nature ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 310 (5980) ◽  
pp. 725-726
Author(s):  
E. L. Chupp
Keyword(s):  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Solar Physics ◽  
Solar Maximum Mission

The role of magnetic loops in solar flares

1991 ◽  
Vol 336 (1643) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Magnetic Topology ◽  
Solar Maximum Mission ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ultraviolet Observations

X -ray and ultraviolet observations of flares have provided much important information on their spatial structure and magnetic topology. The early observations from Skylab emphasized the role of simple loops and loop arcades, but later observations from the Solar Maximum Mission have greatly complicated this picture. Flares appear in a multitude of loops with complex spatial and temporal interrelations. In many cases, interactions between different loops appear to play a crucial role. The inferred magnetic topology of solar flares will be reviewed with emphasis on the implications for processes of energy release and transfer. It will be shown that the spatial resolution of the observations obtained so far is still inadequate for solving many basic questions of solar flare research.

scholarly journals Coronal Response to Energy Release During Solar Flares

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 731-738
Author(s):  
Ester Antonucci
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Impulsive Phase ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Release Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Flare Region

AbstractThe observations obtained with high resolution spectrometers flown in the past solar maximum, in the years 1979-1981, have shown that the soft x-ray plasma during the impulsive phase of solar flares is characterized by upflows. as well as by isotropic flows, at velocities of a few hundred km s-1. Isotropic flows can be directly related to the primary energy release process. While, upflows are an indication of chromospheric material heated to coronal temperatures and evaporating along the magnetic fluxtubes; they are therefore related to the development of the coronal soft x-ray source in the flare region.

The directivity of high-energy emission from solar flares - Solar Maximum Mission observations

1987 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Thomas Vestrand ◽  
D. J. Forrest ◽  
E. L. Chupp ◽  
E. Rieger ◽  
G. H. Share
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flares ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Maximum Mission ◽  
Energy Emission ◽  
High Energy Emission
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