New evidence for the biographies of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 101-122
Author(s):  
Martin Morell
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
New Evidence

Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli are regarded as the great luminaries of the Venetian school of the second half of the sixteenth century. Although both uncle and nephew were employed at St Mark's as organists, rather than in the nominally more prestigious capacity of maestro di cappella, they contributed powerfully to the development of Venetian music, both sacred and secular, vocal and instrumental. In addition, their profound influence on later Venetian and German composers has long been acknowledged.

Lending to the Borrower from Hell

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intelligent Model ◽  
New Evidence

Why do lenders time and again loan money to sovereign borrowers who promptly go bankrupt? When can this type of lending work? As the United States and many European nations struggle with mountains of debt, historical precedents can offer valuable insights. This book looks at one famous case—the debts and defaults of Philip II of Spain. Ruling over one of the largest and most powerful empires in history, King Philip defaulted four times. Yet he never lost access to capital markets and could borrow again within a year or two of each default. Exploring the shrewd reasoning of the lenders who continued to offer money, the book analyzes the lessons from this historical example. Using detailed new evidence collected from sixteenth-century archives, the book examines the incentives and returns of lenders. It provides powerful evidence that in the right situations, lenders not only survive despite defaults—they thrive. It also demonstrates that debt markets cope well, despite massive fluctuations in expenditure and revenue, when lending functions like insurance. The book unearths unique sixteenth-century loan contracts that offered highly effective risk sharing between the king and his lenders, with payment obligations reduced in bad times. A fascinating story of finance and empire, this book offers an intelligent model for keeping economies safe in times of sovereign debt crises and defaults.

REBELLION, RESISTANCE, AND A SWISS BRUTUS?

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRIES RAATH ◽  
SHAUN DE FREITAS
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Divine Justice

Early sixteenth-century Germany and Switzerland witnessed, amongst their peasants, a growing dissatisfaction with economic exploitation and the increasing power of political rulers. The Protestant Reformation at the time had a profound influence on the moulding of this dissatisfaction into a right to demand the enforcement of divine justice. The Swiss reformer, Huldrych Zwingli, provided parallels for the demands of the peasants, while the German reformers, Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon, criticized the rebellious methods of the peasantry. Against this background the young Swiss reformer, Heinrich Bullinger, responded more positively towards the claims of the peasants by opposing the views of the Lutheran reformers in his play ‘Lucretia and Brutus’. In this drama, Bullinger propounds the first steps towards the development of his federal theory of politics by advancing the idea of oath-taking as the mechanism for transforming the monarchy into a Christian republic. The idea of oath-taking was destined to become a most important device in early modern politics, used to combat tyranny and to promote the idea of republicanism.

scholarly journals La globalización hispana del comercio y el arte en la Edad Moderna

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Dobado González
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Main Protagonist ◽  
Modern Era

This article shows some important aspects of a worldwide, historical phenomenon: the globalization of commerce and art which started in the second half of the sixteenth century and had the American, Asian and European territories of the Hispanic Monarchy as main protagonist during the Early Modern Era. The international exchanges -basically, American silver in return for more or less luxurious goods from Asia- that followed the discovery by Urdaneta, in 1565, of the “tornaviaje” between Manila and Acapulco had a profound influence on the forms of production and consumption in both the Old World and the New. Spanish economists and economic historians have probably underscored the historical significance of these unprecedented interactions. The central role played by the Viceroyalty of New Spain in this globalization has perhaps not been properly valued either.

Formal Imitation

2019 ◽  
pp. 206-234
Author(s):  
Colin Burrow
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Rhetorical Structure ◽  
English Writing ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Pietro Bembo ◽  
Philipp Melanchthon

This chapter returns to the debate about the imitation of Cicero between Pietro Bembo and Gianfrancesco Pico in the early sixteenth century, and shows how these two writers’ different approaches to imitatio encouraged subsequent authors to imitate the ‘form’ of earlier texts. This could be a quasi-Platonic abstract idea of an earlier author, or it could encompass the structures of sentences or arguments. This theme was developed by later sixteenth-century Northern European writers on imitatio, principally Philipp Melanchthon and Johannes Sturm. They encouraged imitating authors to attend to the rhetorical structure of the works that they imitated, rather than borrowing their language. Through Roger Ascham these German rhetoricians had a profound influence on later sixteenth-century English writing. The chapter concludes by arguing that their thinking encouraged imitating authors in that period to engage in what is here called ‘stylism’. Many later Elizabethan authors sought not only to imitate a distinctive ‘form’ of an earlier author, but also to establish that they had a ‘form’ or style of their own, which could be identified by their readers, and which subsequent authors might imitate.

The Orientation of Churches: Some New Evidence

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 155-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R Ali ◽  
Peter Cunich
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Old English ◽  
Directional Data ◽  
Magnetic Compass ◽  
Geomagnetic Observatory ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Buildings

We hypothesized that the important early second millennium churches in England may have been aligned using a magnetic compass. If true, the building orientations would enable the post sixteenth-century geomagnetic observatory records to be extended back several hundred years. Directional data were collected from 143 sites, most of which were constructed between the mid-eleventh and late twelfth centuries, including all of the old English cathedrals and many large church buildings in use today, as well as numerous ruined monastic sites. However, processing the data revealed that the compass was not used to align the buildings. Attempting to explain the data, we exhumed Wordsworth's suggestion that church orientation was governed by the sun's position as it rose above the horizon on the feast day of the saint to whom the church was dedicated. The data obtained in the present study suggest that Wordsworth's basic hypothesis might hold for as many as 43 per cent of the churches if sunrise and sunset positions are considered; sun-based Easter Day and equinoctial day orientations could explain a significant majority of the remaining sites.

War, Diplomacy and Social Mobility: The Casali Family in the Service of Henry VIII

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-578
Author(s):  
Catherine Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBy employing Gregorio Casali as his permanent representative at the curia from 1525, King Henry VIII of England acquired a diplomatic structure not uncommon in sixteenth-century Europe: the family consortium. This article illustrates the functioning of that structure, presenting new evidence relating to Casali’s background and career, and assessing both the benefits that accrued to the English crown as a consequence of his employment, and the advantages that Casali and his family acquired through their service to a foreign prince. It argues that the concept of “credit” both in a metaphorical and financial sense offers a useful means of understanding the relationship between the Casali family and the English crown in the 1520s and 1530s. As the family made available to their patrons their social and financial resources at the curia, in turn their role as representatives of a leading European prince served to enhance their social status.

The Abbotts and Their Book: A Dynasty of Decorative Plasterers and Their Work in Devon, c. 1580-1727

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 285-320
Author(s):  
Jenny Saunt
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The South ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
South West ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Design And Production

ABSTRACTThe 'Abbott Book' is a seventeenth-century pocketbook of over three hundred pages of drawings and notes on decorative plaster and paint made by members of the Abbott family of Devonshire. It has a long and contested history. From the 1920s through to the 1950s, it was given sixteenth-century origins and described as a compilation made by several generations of the Abbott family. During this period, the book's drawings were used to attribute much sixteenth- and seventeenth-century decorative plaster in the south-west of England to the Abbott dynasty of plasterers. Then, through the 1980s and 1990s, the Abbott story was revisited and dramatically revised. The book was declared a post-1660 work and previous notions of several generations of Abbotts creating it were dispelled. The whole work was reattributed to one man, John Abbott, who was born in 1642 and died in 1727. As a result, plasterwork across the south-west was reattributed to an anonymous 'Devon School' of plasterers and, with its new and dramatically shortened lifespan, the book's usefulness as a source for the broader practices of plasterwork in the period was diminished. Using new evidence relating to watermarks, the genealogy of the Abbotts, the plasterwork they produced and the print sources they used for drawings in the book, this article rewrites the Abbott Book story. It restores the notion that the pocketbook was used by several different members of the Abbott family — at least three and possibly four — over the 150 years between c. 1580 and 1727. By providing a logic and a timeline for its complex compilation pattern, it allows the drawings in the book to shed new light on the design and production processes of seventeenth-century plasterwork not just in Devon, but also in England as a whole.

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