War, Diplomacy and Social Mobility: The Casali Family in the Service of Henry VIII

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-578
Author(s):  
Catherine Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBy employing Gregorio Casali as his permanent representative at the curia from 1525, King Henry VIII of England acquired a diplomatic structure not uncommon in sixteenth-century Europe: the family consortium. This article illustrates the functioning of that structure, presenting new evidence relating to Casali’s background and career, and assessing both the benefits that accrued to the English crown as a consequence of his employment, and the advantages that Casali and his family acquired through their service to a foreign prince. It argues that the concept of “credit” both in a metaphorical and financial sense offers a useful means of understanding the relationship between the Casali family and the English crown in the 1520s and 1530s. As the family made available to their patrons their social and financial resources at the curia, in turn their role as representatives of a leading European prince served to enhance their social status.

scholarly journals Guilds, Social Mobility and Status in Sixteenth-Century Ghent

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Dambruyne
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Social Promotion ◽  
Social Position ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Democratic Character ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This article investigates the relationship between social mobility and status in guilds and the political situation in sixteenth-century Ghent. First, it argues that Ghent guilds showed neither a static picture of upward mobility nor a rectilinear and one-way evolution. It demonstrates that the opportunities for social promotion within the guild system were, to a great extent, determined by the successive political regimes of the city. Second, the article proves that the guild boards in the sixteenth century had neither a typically oligarchic nor a typically democratic character. Third, the investigation of the houses in which master craftsmen lived shows that guild masters should not be depicted as a monolithic social bloc, but that significant differences in status and wealth existed. The article concludes that there was no linear positive connection between the duration of a master craftsman's career and his wealth and social position.

Introducing the Marots

Born to Write ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 233-235
Author(s):  
Neil Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Literate Culture ◽  
Clement Marot ◽  
The Relationship

Chapters 16–19 are a case study of the family that produced the best-selling vernacular literary author of sixteenth-century France: Clément Marot. The example of this family also provides one way of examining the relationship to family and social hierarchy of a genre of writing that was fundamental to literate culture: poetry. The aspiration to social ascent was only one of the reasons why poetry was so widely composed in sixteenth-century France, but it was a key one. Like other cultural practices—ranging from dress and heraldry to forms of address—poetry was therefore itself part of the very mechanics that constructed social hierarchy.

scholarly journals Social Mobility from a Comparative Perspective Between Europe and Latin America

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-234
Author(s):  
Sandra Fachelli ◽  
Ildefonso Marqués-Perales ◽  
Marcelo Boado ◽  
Patricio Solís
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Relative Mobility ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social Fluidity ◽  
Invariance Theory ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis chapter presents a review of the analysis of social mobility in the international sphere (Europe and Latin America), with a particular focus on the partner countries of the INCASI network. To date, few studies have linked nations whose economic and social aspects are so dissimilar.As is usual in the specialized literature, the relationship between social origin and class destination is addressed. This is done by noting the comparisons made across the geographical areas. We review the analyses that have been made of the evolution of social fluidity as well as the distance between social classes within each country and the comparisons made between them.We compare the main theories that have inspired the study of social mobility to date: modernization theory, which predicts an increase in relative mobility rates, and invariance theory, which postulates the constancy of social fluidity. Special attention is devoted to the role played by the family, the state and the market in late industrialized countries.We study the difficulties for social change, i.e. upward mobility from one class to another, as well as the likelihood of reproduction in comparative terms. To do so, we link these mechanisms with the AMOSIT model. The advances in methodology, techniques, theory and data processing are highlighted.

Proctorial Representation in the House of Lords during the Reign of Edward VI

1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon F. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Satisfactory Treatment ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This is the third in a series of studies dealing with the history of the proxy system in the House of Lords. The first, after tracing the origin of proxies to the Roman law of agency, dealt with the emergence and spread of representation by proctors in the ecclesiastical and political assemblies of medieval England. The second study demonstrated how the proxy system was perfected in the upper house during the reign of Henry VIII and how the Crown benefited from that system. The ensuing article concerns proctorial representation during the crucial years of the Edwardian Reformation. Because of the brief period under consideration — only six years — it seemed best to cast the study in an analytical rather than a chronological framework. The first section deals with the general characteristics of proctorial representation in mid-Tudor times; the second and third sections cover the spiritual and temporal lords, respectively; and the fourth section treats the relationship between the proxy system and conciliar government.IKnowledge of the proxy system in the mid-sixteenth-century House of Lords remains somewhat fragmentary and limited in scope. A satisfactory treatment of the subject does not exist. Constitutional and legal historians have paid little attention to proxies and less to the procedure governing their use in the upper house. As one might expect, Bishop Stubbs dealt with proxies in medieval Parliaments and correctly associated them with parliamentary privileges, but at the same time he concluded that “its history has not yet been minutely traced.

Sieve-type pore canals in the Timiriaseviinae—A contribution to the comparative morphology and the systematics of the Limnocytheridae (Ostracoda, Crustacea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4495 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAN L. DANIELOPOL ◽  
M. CRISTINA CABRAL ◽  
ALAN LORD ◽  
PIERRE CARBONEL ◽  
MARTIN GROSS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Living Animal ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Tribe ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Pore Canals ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scanning Electron

Examination of normal pore canals, especially sieve-type pore canals, in living and fossil representatives of ten genera of the family Limnocytheridae, subfamily Timiriaseviinae, has revealed important diversity of structure. These complex pore canals have been studied via high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (the Cartographic Method) and analysed via the application of newly devised indices to assess patterns of consistency and variation in both detailed structure of individual pores and of their distribution on the calcified valve. The timiriaseviine taxa are compared with species of the genera Limnocythere, sub-family Limnocytherinae and Cyprideis (family Cytherideidae). The relationship between the living animal and its aquatic environment is discussed in the light of previous studies and of new evidence herein. The importance of normal pore canals for systematics is highlighted by the recognition and definition of the new tribe Gomphodellini Danielopol, Cabral & Lord nov. tribe, subfamily Timiriaseviinae, family Limnocytheridae. 

scholarly journals Status Sosial Dan Jumlah Uang Panai Pada Proses Perkawinan Suku Bugis Di Kelurahan Raya Kecamatan Turikale Kabupaten Maros

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-418
Author(s):  
Islamiyah Islamiyah ◽  
Asmirah Asmirah ◽  
Syamsul Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Validity Data ◽  
Location Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research Show

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelapisan sosial suku Bugis dan juga untuk mengetahui bagaimana keterkaitan antara status sosial dan jumlah uang panai pada proses perkawinan suku Bugis di Kelurahan Raya Kecamatan Turikale Kabupaten Maros. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dimulai dengan penentuan jenis penelitian, lokasi penelitian, teknik pengumpulan data, analisis data dan keabsahan data. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dengan informan dan melakukan dokumentasi. Data yang telah dihimpun dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pola pikir induktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelapisan sosial suku Bugis di Kelurahan Raya Kecamatan Turikale Kabupaten Maros terdiri atas tiga lapisan, yaitu puang, daeng dan ata. Dalam penentuan jumlah uang panai tinggi rendahnya tidak terlalu dipengaruhi oleh status sosial seseorang dalam suku Bugis apabila tidak ditunjang dengan faktor pendidikan, ekonomi yang baik dan konisi fisik calon mempelai wanita dan juga menjadi penentu jumlah uang panai adalah pihak keluarga itu sendiri dimana harus berdasarkan hasil kesepakatan bersama. This study aims to find out how the social layering of the Bugis tribe is and also to find out how the relationship between social status and the amount of panai money in the Bugis ethnic marriage process is in the Raya Village, Turikale District, Maros Regency. The research method carried out begins with determining the type of research, research location, data collection techniques, data analysis and data validity. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out by means of observation, interviews with informants and documentation. The data that has been collected was analyzed using a descriptive method with an inductive mindset. The results of the research show that the social stratification of the Bugis tribe in the Raya Village, Turikale District, Mares Regency consists of three layers, namely puang, daeng and ata. In determining the amount of penai high and low, it is not too influenced by a person's social status in the Bugis tribe if it is not supported by factors of education, a good economy, and the physical condition of the prospective bride and also what determines the amount of panai money is the family itself which must based on mutual agreement.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Parental Burnout among Finnish Parents: The Role of Socially Prescribed Perfectionism

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Sorkkila ◽  
Kaisa Aunola
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Although parental burnout can have detrimental consequences to families, the investigation of the syndrome is still in its infancy. The present study investigated what are the key family background variables that contribute to parental burnout among Finnish parents. Moreover, we investigated how self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism uniquely and interactively relate to parental burnout over and above the impacts of background variables. Methods Questionnaire-based data was collected from 1725 parents (91% mothers) and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results The results showed that when several family- and child-related background variables were taken into account, parent’s age, unemployment, perceived poor financial situation of the family, and having a child with special needs, showed unique associations with burning out as a parent. Even more crucial risk factor for burning out was, however, socially prescribed perfectionism: the higher the level of socially prescribed perfectionism the parents reported, the higher the level of their parental burnout. The relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and parental burnout was further strengthened when parents reported also a high level of self-oriented perfectionism. Finally, the relationship between gender and parental burnout was mediated via perfectionism: mothers reported more socially prescribed and self-oriented perfectionism than fathers and, consequently, were also more burned out as parents. Conclusions The results suggest that in Finland specific attention should be given to families with poor financial resources and unemployment. Moreover, high social expectations experienced by the mothers could be balanced, for example, by teaching them skills of self-acceptance and compassion.

scholarly journals Social Classes and Social Mobility in Slovenia and Europe

Organizacija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Jereb ◽  
Marko Ferjan
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

Social Classes and Social Mobility in Slovenia and EuropeIn closed social systems the social position of an individual is determined by the social position of the family into which he or she was born, whereas in open social systems mobility from one social class to another is possible. This paper concerns the relationship between the class position an individual actually occupies and the class into which he or she was born. First the concept of social class is described and different types of social mobility are presented. Than the research methodology is described and the results are presented and discussed. At the end of the paper certain comparisons to other European countries are made.

scholarly journals MAKNA TUTURAN DALAM PENYELESAIAN PELANGGARAN ADAT MAMBOLOSUAKO MASYARAKAT TOLAKI

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
La Ino
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
The People ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This article studies about one of cultural products at Tolaki ethnic in South-East Sulawesi Province. The cultural product is mombolusuako.  Mombolosuako is a tradition in Tolaki society, in which someone, a man, did a breach of custom that usually happen when the relationship between the girl and the young man is not agreed by the parents and when the girl and the man have different social status. Because it is a breach of custom, there should be a solution according to the custom. In solving this problem (mombolasuako), the custom provides two steps rembinggare and mesokei. The method used in research is descriptive qualitative method. The subject of research is the informants mastering in uttering the solution of the breach of custom (Mombolasuako) in Tolaki society in Lambuya subdistrict. This study is done by using semantic and pragmatic approach. In solving the mombolasuako the people use the language with particular characteristics that is different from their daily language. The language emphasizes beauty especially in its use of language speech and metaphors.  The rembinggare is meaningful for the man family, as to show his intention to solve the problem, and it is meaningful for the family of the girl as the solution of the problem so that they will be avoided from shame.  In the process of mesokei there is a negotiation and settlement among two families to get the best solution for both of them.

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