scholarly journals XIX.—On an ancient Mexican Head-piece, coated with Mosaic

Archaeologia ◽  
1895 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-398
Author(s):  
Charles Hercules Read
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
The Other ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Other Hand

It is comparatively seldom that relics of antiquity from the American continent are laid before the Society. There is one good reason for this, in the impossibility, in most cases, of assigning any date to American antiquities. We may be able, from internal evidence, to show that an object was made after the discovery of the continent, and in that case it belongs to the beginning of modern times. If, on the other hand, there is reason for placing it before the time of Columbus, there is little to say beyond the bare statement of that fact. In the absence of intelligible history, it is difficult to see how we are to pass beyond this stage. Among the more civilised peoples, such as the Mexicans and Peruvians, it is easy enough to distinguish and classify the artistic productions of the several great tribes, but to discriminate between the buildings or sculptures of, for instance, the fifteenth and thirteenth centuries is another matter, and one as to which there would probably be as many opinions as men.

Socrates on the Parts of Virtue

1976 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Paul Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
The Other ◽  
Numerical Identity ◽  
Other Hand

Plato represents Socrates as believing in the unity of the virtues, quarreling with those who, like Protagoras or Meno, wish to treat the virtues as distinct objects of inquiry (Protagoras 329c2ff., Meno 71e1ff.). On the other hand, there is good reason to deny that Plato's Socrates believed in the numerical identity of the virtues (cf. Meno 79a3-5). What Socrates did believe, I shall argue, is that the various virtues are one in essence. I shall show what this means and how it clears up prima facie inconsistencies among Plato's early dialogues.If I am right, Socrates’ theory has startling consequences. Since essence is exactly what Socrates wants a definition to state, it follows that all virtues will have one and the same definition. And if this is so, no wonder the quest for separate definitions of virtues fails in every case! For example in the Laches the generals are baffled by Courage because Courage has no private essence and cannot be marked off from the other virtues by stating its essence. Its essence is Virtue entire. That is a radical view, but there are good reasons for attributing it to Socrates.

Art. IX.—On the Proper Names of the Mohammadans

1879 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-237
Author(s):  
T. E. Colebrooke
Keyword(s):  
Family Relations ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Rule ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Religious Sect

It is well known that proper names in the East, and especially among the Mohammadans, follow no such simple rule as that which has long prevailed in modern Europe, where the Christian name or names conferred in infancy and the family name or surnames are usually borne through life, and where it is a matter of suspicion to have an alias. In the East, on the other hand, we hear of persons gathering up in the course of their career a variety of names, and being popularly known by one or other of them at different periods, and to an extent that gives rise to perplexity. This was notably the case among the Arabs in the height of their preeminence. A person might receive a name in his infancy (usually conferred on his birth or at his circumcision), and to this might be added a patronymic, or a name expressive of his paternal or family relations. He might then receive a title expressive of his zeal for the faith, and soubriquets descriptive of his personal qualities or appearance, or the country or town in which he was born or had settled, or the religious sect to which he belonged ; and if he played a part in public life, to all these might be added, as in Europe, a title or titles of dignity; and if he had acquired a reputation as an author, he might assume some name of fancy. These various names or titles might never be united in the same individual, but the combinations are numerous and shifting. Certain rules are observed in their formation or application, but it was a matter of accident by which of these designations a person might be known to his contemporaries, or his name transmitted to modern times.

Furcht und Freude in der Bibel: Emotionale Ambivalenz im Lichte der Religionspsychologie

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-147
Author(s):  
Gerd Theissen
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Emotional Ambivalence ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
Conditio Humana ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

It is a modern conviction that religion and emotion belong together. It would be an anachronism to presuppose a priori such a connection in pre-modern times. The article shows that the definition of religious experience as mysterium fascinosum et tremendum (R.Otto) is not anachronistic. Biblical texts express an emotional ambivalence of fear and joy when speaking on God. On the one hand, we may explain this ambivalence with the help of evolutionary psychology as part of the universal conditio humana; on the other hand, fear and joy are culturally and historically conditioned. The article gives a sketch of the history and diversity of these emotions in biblical texts and underlines the connection between emotions and rituals.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Relevance of School Closure Policy as Efforts to Prevent COVID-19 Infection Among Students in Indonesia

JURNAL IQRA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Arnadi Arnadi
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Returning Students ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
School Closure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Government ◽  
Closure Policy

This article revisited the relevance of returning students home's national policy while avoiding the dangers of coronavirus 2019 in the school environment. There has been no medical certainty stating that the danger of the Coronavirus spread among schools is that the government must issue policies that are without good reason as the safest solution. On the other hand, the policy of returning students to study at home also raises some doubts. This study intended to examine various literatures on the suitability of government policies regarding school closures that have been running for almost one year. The data were then analyzed using a descriptive phenomenological approach to obtain medical reasons related to the risk of spreading the virus among school adolescents. Finally, the researchers found that the government policy to repatriate students is still motivated by excessive concern about the transmission of the epidemic among students in the school environment. Until now, the government has not had a strong reason to close schools to avoid the virus. On the other hand, this policy may impact on student learning and other socio-economic disadvantages. Thus, the government would consider these findings in evaluating policies related to overcoming the dangers of the pandemic in the school environment, which consider the disadvantages of education. Keywords:  Learning from Home, School Closure Policy, Learning in Covid-19 Condition

Plutarch, Callisthenes and the Peace of Callias

1990 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Bosworth
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Do So

The continuing and polemical debate over the authenticity of the Peace of Callias has become so complicated that it would be a positive service to scholarship to remove some of the more contentious evidence and reduce the scope of the argument. That is the object of this article. A fragment of Callisthenes has bulked very large in the modern literature. According to the received view the Olynthian historian denied the existence of a formal peace between Athens and the Persian King and alleged that the King observed a de facto limit to his empire, never venturing west of the Chelidonian islands. For sceptics this is grist to the mill. A writer of the mid-fourth century rejected the Athenian patriotic tradition, and it is assumed that he had good reason to do so. On the other hand defenders of the authenticity of the Peace stumble over Callisthenes' apparent denial and are forced to counter-denial or to sophistry. What is common to both camps is a tendency to refer to the evidence of Callisthenes without noting that the original text is lost. The ‘fragment’ (which it is not) is preserved by Plutarch in a sophisticated passage of source criticism and due attention needs to be paid to his mode of citation. Only then can we begin to elicit what Callisthenes may have said and reconstruct the probable context in his historical exposition. As always, we need to approach the unknown through proper study of the known.

Economic History, Pure and Applied

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rondo Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Economic History ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

C P. Kindleberger once described economic history as “great fun” but not very useful for understanding what happens in the real world. W. N. Parker, on the other hand, doesn't regard it as at all amusing, but terribly important. Within that range, surely, each of us can locate his own ratio of practicality to enjoyment inherent in the pursuit of economic history. I myself was drawn to the study of economic history, even before I was aware of its existence—in fact, it was my youthful intention to invent the discipline—by two distinct motives. On the one hand, I wanted to enter (or create) a profession in which the work itself would yield intellectual pleasure. At the same time, having just lived through the longest depression in modern times and the most destructive war in history, I wanted to do something that would be useful to society. History, I knew, was interesting. Economics, I assumed, was important. I therefore resolved to give up the study of engineering, which had occupied me briefly before the war, and to create the new discipline of economic history. I was mildly surprised to discover upon enrolling in the Yale Studies for Returning Servicemen that the discipline did, indeed, already exist, and was, furthermore, ably represented at Yale by none other than Harold F. Williamson.

scholarly journals Reinterpretasi Kontroversi Kepemimpinan non-Muslim dalam Alquran

MUTAWATIR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-49
Author(s):  
Dede Rodin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Logical Reason ◽  
Muslim Scholars

This article aimed to explore several kinds of understanding and interpretation towards the Qur’anic idea on non-Muslim leadership. Some Muslim scholars’ respond would be a case of study to see their logical reason and their interpretation of the Qur’an on the issue of non-Muslim leadership. The study obtained the following conclusions: first, there are some gaps or perhaps a shifting paradigm between the classical idea of non-Muslim with the modern scholars. Those who lived in the modern times, to some extent, are holding an inclusive idea to allow non-Muslim be a leader in Muslim society. This is because they see that the command of the Qur’an to forbid non-Muslim to hold a leadership is limited to whom they are hostile to Islam and Muslims. Hence the act of banning should not be apllied in general. On the other hand, the historical context of the verse (sabab al-nuzûl) also suggests that the nuance of confrontation between Muslims and non-Muslims is part of the consisting code of conduct at that time, so that the verses above should be put into consideration if the conditions are in peace.

scholarly journals Stereotyp kapłana wpisany w XVII-wieczne kazania pogrzebowe

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-217
Author(s):  
Alicja Pihan-Kijasowa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Church

17th century funeral sermons, a set of approximately 600 texts, structured following the antic rhetoric principles, modified in modern times, are a genre of panegyric literature, praising the deceased. Among preserved prints, sermons prepared on the occasion of funerals of the clergy constitute a large collection. Their structure, although basically convergent with the principles of laudation applicable to that type of expression, shows certain differences on the level of the degree of a realisation of its individual elements. The element which depicts the time preceding the birth of the clergyman and arguments referring to his lineage are eliminated or significantly reduced. On the other hand, emphasis is put on all aspects which show the piety of the deceased priest, his merits for the Church, relationship towards the faithful under his care. The image of the clergy presented in the sermons is poorly individualised, in fact, it could even be referred to as a stereotypical one.

Models of God's Transcendence

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
Robert H. King
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self In Relation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World

“The causal model emphasizes priority in respect to efficacy, but that is by no means the only kind of priority God exhibits. The elusive priority of the self in relation to its action, as well as the priority of persons in relation to one another, is also important and characteristic of religious apprehension of God in some of its modes anyway. On the other hand, the two more personal models, Schleiermacher's and Barth's, include a feature that is conspicuously lacking in the causal model, yet equally important to religious experience, the aspect of immediacy. So there may be good reason for preferring one model to another, while not excluding one or another. It is, after all, with a model that we have to do, and not with the thing itself. The relation of God and the world is unique and mysterious. It is not surprising that several different models have been used to interpret it.”

Notes on Mamlūk horse-archers

1969 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Latham
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similar Kind ◽  
Joint Treatment

Throughout the ages from antiquity until modern times the extraordinary prowess of the horse-archers of Asia has excited wonder and admiration in those who have had the opportunity of observing them in action or of hearing of their feats. From the comments of observers and historians, therefore, a reasonably instructive account of their capabilities might be assembled. There can be no doubt, on the other hand, that a picture based solely on data of this kind would have its limitations in that it would capture the impression of what the eye perceived rather than reproduce the details of technique which alone can enable us to distinguish between fact and fiction or probable and improbable in the accounts of our witnesses. By a happy chance the evidence of a Mamlūk writer goes far to fill the lacuna. The source of the testimony is a technical treatise bearing on the training of archers. Entitled Kitāb ghunyat al-ṭullāb fī ma'rifat al-ramy bi 'l-nushshāb, the work was written circa 769/1368 by a certain Ṭaybugha '-Baklamishi '1-Yūnānī, about whom we know almost nothing beyond what can be gleaned from his treatise. Unlike many Arabic technical manuals of a similar kind dating from the later Middle Ages, the Ghunya will bear examination by the expert, for Ṭaybughā has an essentially practical mind and a complete grasp of his subject-matter. To judge from the number of extant MSS—17 are traceable in published works of reference—the work would appear to have been long esteemed throughout the Middle East as an authoritative source of instruction, and it may be surmised that Ṭaybughā's own words provide a clue to one of the reasons for its popularity: ‘Since archery and riding are enjoined by authentic command of the Prophet and since I knew of no work by any predecessor on the subject of shooting from horseback I felt I should accord the two accomplishments joint treatment in a single work, seeking thereby to comply with the command of God and His Messenger and to render a service to those of my brethren who campaign and fight in the jihād’.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document