Pattern and process in the evolution of the Odontopleuridae (Trilobita). The Selenopeltinae and Ceratocephalinae

1991 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Ramsköld
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Pattern And Process ◽  
Single Character ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Subjective Synonym

ABSTRACTThe systematics of parts of the Odontopleuridae are revised using character analyses tracing homologous structures, and a computerised cladistic analysis. The choice of outgroup is shown to affect the result of the analysis. Several synapomorphies place Selenopeltis, the type genus of the Selenopeltinae Hawle & Corda, 1847 as sister genus to Dicranurus. The latter's close relationship to Miraspis, type genus of the Miraspidinae Richter & Richter, 1917 is confirmed. The Selenopeltinae therefore becomes a senior subjective synonym of the Miraspidinae. The Selenopeltinae includes about 90 of the over 380 named odontopleurid species known to date (excluding accepted synonyms). The Ceratocephalinae is recognised, including about 30 species. The paired, large pygidial border spines present in most odontopleurids are in some species not homologous, and a falsifiable hypothesis is proposed for the homology of the ‘true major border spines’. This structure is the posterior pleural spine of the tenth postcephalic segment in selenopeltines, ceratocephalines and odontopleurines, and in acidaspidines and apianurines it is the serially homologous spine of the eleventh postcephalic segment. The spine belongs to the first pygidial segment in all taxa except ceratocephalines, where it is on the last thoracic segment. The homology in selenopeltines of the progressive restructuring of the cheek border is reviewed, explaining the supramarginal appearance of the genal spine. The presence and homology of the sublobation of L1 in odontopleurids is discussed, and it may be homologous with the sublobation in lichids. The strongly differentiated thoracic segmental lengths (exsag.), with maximum length reached in the anterior part of thorax, and the much reduced length of the posterior segments, are aspects of a single character-complex, uniquely derived within the Selenopeltinae. The ontogenetic origin of the anterior and posterior pleural spines is reviewed. The presence in Ceratocephala of two instars in one meraspid degree is discussed. A cladistic analysis of selenopeltine and ceratocephaline genera does not entirely resolve the topology of the phylogenetic tree of these taxa, but it confirms Selenopeltis as sister taxon to Dicranurus. These two genera belong in a clade also including Miraspis, Selenopeltoides, and Ceratonurus. Two new genera are erected, Ceratocara and Archaeopleura, the latter with type species A. kazakhensis sp. nov.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Rhinorhynchinae (Coleoptera:Nemonychidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Kuschel ◽  
Richard A. B. Leschen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Host Use ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fossil Genus ◽  
Subjective Synonym

An overview of the taxa of Rhinorhynchinae (Nemonychidae) is presented. A phylogenetic analysis of the 19 extant genera of the Rhinorhynchinae and one fossil genus from the Lower Cretaceous (Cratomacer Zherikhin & Gratshev), based on 29 characters of adults, larvae and host plant associations, shows three monophyletic groups, treated as tribes (Rhinorhynchini, Mecomacerini and Rhynchitomacerini). Primitive associations are unknown for Rhinorhynchinae and early host use diversification included associations with Ranunculaceae (Nemonyx Redtenbacher), Pinaceae (Cimberis Gozis), Nothofagaceae (Rhynchitomacerini) and Podocarpaceae (Rhinorhynchini). While Mecomacerini diversified on Araucariaceae, within Rhinorhynchini there was a single reversal to Araucariaceae and a shift in Atopomacer Kuschel to Pinaceae. Placement of Cratomacer into Mecomacerini is consistent with geological and molecular data that suggest gymnosperms may have been the primitive hosts for the family. Three new genera are described in Rhinorhynchinae: Araucomacer, gen. nov. (type species A. hirticeps Kuschel) from Chile, Idiomacer, gen. nov. (type species I. basicornis, sp. nov.) from New Caledonia, and Zimmiellus, gen. nov. (type species Z. fronto, sp. nov.) from Queensland, Australia, while Stenomacer Kuschel, stat. nov. from Chile is reinstated from synonymy. Seven species are described as new: Atopomacer grandifurca, sp. nov. from Costa Rica and Panama, A. obrieni, sp. nov. from Mexico, A. panamensis, sp. nov. from Panama, A. pini, sp. nov. from Mexico, A. podocarpi, sp. nov. from Venezuela, Basiliogeus dracrycarpi, sp. nov. from western New Guinea and B. inops, sp. nov. from Queensland. Rhynchitomacer rufus Kuschel is a new junior subjective synonym of R. nigritus Kuschel, syn. nov., R. viridulus Kuschel is a new junior subjective synonym of R. flavus Voss, syn. nov. and Stenomacer fuscus Kuschel is a new junior subjective synonym of S. vernus Kuschel, syn. nov. Keys to genera of Rhinorhynchinae and to species of Atopomacer, Rhynchitomacer and Stenomacer are included. Diagnoses of the three extant subfamilies of Nemonychidae are included.

Revision of the subgenus Metaeuops Legalov of Euops Schoenherr (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea, Attelabidae) from the Papuan region

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1181 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER RIEDEL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Close Relationship

The subgenus Metaeuops Legalov (stat.n.) of Euops Schoenherr is revised. The group is restricted to New Guinea and some small neighboring islands. It contains four previously described species: E. coelestinus Pascoe, E. ruficornis Voss, E. tibialis Voss, and E. violaceus Pascoe, and 14 new species: Euops arfakensis sp. n., E. biru sp. n., E. coeruleus sp. n., E. curvipes sp. n., E. illegalovi sp. n., E. judithae sp. n., E. oops sp. n., E. paratibialis sp. n., E. piceus sp. n., E. dintelmanni sp. n., E. ratcliffei sp. n., E. swartensis sp. n., E. tenuiflagellaris sp. n. and Euops torricelliensis sp. n.. Euops ruficornis Voss, formerly a subspecies of E. femoralis Voss, is recognized as a distinct species without any close relationship to E. femoralis Voss. Lectotypes are designated for E. coelestinus Pascoe, E. ruficornis Voss, E. tibialis Voss, and E. violaceus Pascoe. All species are described, and the characters relevant for their identification, especially the male genitalia, are illustrated. A key to the species is provided. A cladistic analysis is performed that confirms the monophyly of Metaeuops. The most important apomorphy of the group is a pair of sclerites in the mid portion of the male endophallus. Two additional characters imply secondary reduction in a few species: the subtriangular mesotibia of the males and a siphon-like extension of the female spermatheca. The original description of Metaeuops by Legalov contained contradictions between the diagnostic characters proposed and the characters present in the type species. Therefore, the concept of the genus is here modified.

scholarly journals East African giant millipedes of the tribe Pachybolini (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Pachybolidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2753 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENRIK ENGHOFF
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
New Genera ◽  
East African ◽  
African Species

The East African species of the millipede tribe Pachybolini are revised. Three new genera are described: Crurifarcimen n. gen. (monotypic, type species: C. vagans n. sp., Tanzania), Hyperbolus n. gen. (type species: H. apicomplexus n. sp., Tanzania and Uganda; further species: H. morogoroensis Kraus, 1958, Tanzania, transferred from Pachybolus), Parabolus n. gen. (type species: Trigoniulus dimorphus Carl, 1909, Tanzania, transferred from Pachybolus, further species: P. calceus n. sp., Kenya). Hadrobolus Cook, 1897 and its only species, H. crassicollis (Peters, 1855), Mozambique, are redescribed. Epibolus bravensis (Silvestri, 1897) and E. mossabicensis Lawrence, 1967, are both synonymised under E. pulchripes (Gerstäcker, 1873), Somalia to Mozambique, rendering Epibolus Cook, 1897, monotypic. Pachybolus Cook, 1897, is restricted to its poorly known type species, P. tectus Cook, 1897, Zanzibar. A cladistic analysis of Pachybolini (W Africa, E Africa, Madagascar) does not support monophyly of the East African genera, but does support a clade consisting of Crurifarcimen+Hyperbolus+Parabolus, as well as monophyly of the two latter genera.

Systematics of the Australasian spider family Pararchaeidae (Arachnida:Araneae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Rix
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
History Information ◽  
First Time

The Pararchaeidae, a family of cryptic spiders known only from Australia and New Zealand, is revised. Six new genera: Anarchaea, gen. nov., Flavarchaea, gen. nov., Forstrarchaea, gen. nov., Nanarchaea, gen. nov., Ozarchaea, gen. nov., Westrarchaea, gen. nov., and 24 new species are described, 23 from mainland Australia and one from New Zealand. Anarchaea, gen. nov. from eastern Australia contains four species: A. corticola (Hickman, 1969), comb. nov. (type species), A. falcata, sp. nov., A. raveni, sp. nov. and A. robusta (Rix, 2005), comb. nov. Flavarchaea from eastern, southern and south-western Australia contains seven species: F. anzac, sp. nov., F. badja, sp. nov., F. barmah, sp. nov., F. hickmani (Rix, 2005), comb. nov., F. lofty, sp. nov., F. lulu (Rix, 2005), comb. nov. (type species) and F. stirlingensis, sp. nov. Forstrarchaea is represented only by the type species F. rubra (Forster, 1949), comb. nov. from New Zealand. Nanarchaea from eastern Australia contains two species: N. bryophila (Hickman, 1969), comb. nov. and N. binnaburra (Forster, 1955), comb. nov. (type species). Ozarchaea from Australia and New Zealand contains 16 species: O. bodalla, sp. nov., O. bondi, sp. nov., O. daviesae, sp. nov., O. forsteri, sp. nov., O. harveyi, sp. nov., O. janineae, sp. nov., O. ornata (Hickman, 1969), comb. nov. (type species), O. platnicki, sp. nov., O. saxicola (Hickman, 1969), comb. nov., O. spurgeon, sp. nov., O. stradbroke, sp. nov., O. valida, sp. nov., O. waldockae, sp. nov., O. werrikimbe, sp. nov., O. westraliensis, sp. nov. and O. wiangarie, sp. nov. Pararchaea Forster, 1955 is represented only by the type species P. alba Forster, 1955 from New Zealand. Westrarchaea, endemic to south-western Western Australia, contains three species: W. pusilla, sp. nov., W. sinuosa, sp. nov. (type species) and W. spinosa, sp. nov. A morphological cladistic analysis of the Pararchaeidae supported monophyly of the genera. Natural history information is summarised for each species where known, and the moulting behaviour, mating behaviour and egg sac of a pararchaeid species are described for the first time.

scholarly journals Two new Neotropical Chironominae genera (Diptera: Chironomidae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 26-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trond Andersen ◽  
Humberto Fonseca Mendes ◽  
Luiz Carlos Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Mato Grosso

Claudiotendipes n. gen. and Sigmoitendipes n. gen. are described and figured based on adults, pupae and larvae. Two species are included in Claudiotendipes: the type species, C. froehlichi n. sp. from Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Santa Catarina States in Brazil; and C. epleri n. sp. from Costa Rica. Five species are included in Sigmoitendipes, all from Brazil: the type species, S. susanae n. sp. from São Paulo, Mato Grosso, Amazonas and Pará States; S. fittkaui n. sp. from Mato Grosso and Pará; S. reissi n. sp. from São Paulo; and S. oliveirai n. sp. and S. spiesi n. sp., both from Mato Grosso. A cladistic analysis grouped the two new genera with Beardius, Oukuriella and Endotribelos. Keys to the males of the two new genera are presented. 

Revision of the Paramunna complex (Isopoda : Asellota : Paramunnidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Just ◽  
George D. F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Subantarctic Islands ◽  
Group Species

This paper presents a global review of the current unwieldy concept of the genus Paramunna Sars, 1866. The study is based mainly on large new collections of material from Australia and subantarctic islands south of Tasmania and New Zealand. Of the four genera previously synonymised with Paramunna, Austrimunna Richardson, 1906 is revived (type species A. antarctica), Leptaspidia Bate & Westwood, 1867 and Metamunna Tattersall, 1905 are considered indeterminable, while Austronanus Hodgson, 1910 is not considered part of the Paramunna complex. Forty-three species, 27 new, are treated, mostly from Australia and adjacent subantarctic islands. Fifteen species currently in Paramunna do not belong in this complex. The type genus Paramunna Sars, 1866 comprises four known species, P. bilobata Sars, 1866, P. capensis Vanh�ffen, 1914, P. integra Nordenstam, 1933 and P. koreana Malyutina & Ushakova, 2001, and four new species. Nine new genera are created based on a cladistic analysis (type species, original combination): Ascionana (A. darwinia, sp. nov.), Epipedonana (E. profunda, sp. nov.), Harrietonana (Austrimunna subtriangulata Richardson, 1908), Kiklonana (Paramunna arnaudi Amar & Roman, 1974), Omonana (O. brachycephala, sp. nov.), Pagonana (Paramunna rostrata Hodgson, 1910), Palanana (Austrimunna serrata Richardson, 1908), Spiculonana (S. platysoma, sp. nov) and Sporonana (S. robusta, sp. nov.). Six species of Paramunna are transferred to other genera in the complex: P. simplex Menzies, 1962 and P.�parasimplex Winkler, 1994 to Omonana, gen. nov.; P. dilatata Vanh�ffen, 1914 to Pagonana, gen. nov.; P. gaini (Richardson, 1913) to Palanana gen. nov.; P. laevifrons Stebbing, 1910 and P. rhipis Shimomura & Mawatari, 1999 to Ascionana, gen. nov. Paramunna shornikovi Malyutina & Ushakova, 2001, is synonymised with P. rhipis. Keys to genera and species (if more than two in a genus) are given. Terminal males (males with elongated cephalon and massively enlarged pereonite 1) are documented in several genera. The distribution of the complex confirms that this part of the Paramunnidae is a Southern Hemisphere, shallow water group. Species previously thought to be circumpolar prove to be species complexes, with each species having a small distribution.

The systematics of the spider family Nicodamidae ( Araneae : Amaurpbioidea)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Harvey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
The Family ◽  
Senior Synonym

A review of the spider family Nicodamidae reveals two subfamilies, Nicodaminae and Megadictyninae, with 29 species. The Nicodaminae contains Nicodamus Simon and six new genera, Ambicodamus, Dimidamus, Durodamus, Litodamus, Novodamus and Oncodamus, from Australia, Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya. Nicodamus is restricted to N. peregrinus (Walckenaer) and N. mainae, sp. nov.; N. peregrinus is treated as a senior synonym of Theridium semiflavum L. Koch, Centropelma bicolor L. Koch and Ozaleus tarandus Thorell. Ozaleus Thorell is confirmed as a junior synonym of Nicodamus by designation of a lectotype for the type species, 0. tarandus. Durodamus contains one species: D. yeni, sp. nov. (type species). Ambicodamus contains 11 species: A. marae, sp. nov. (type species), A. audax, sp. nov., A. crinitus (L. Koch), comb. nov., A. dale, sp. nov., A. darlingtoni, sp. nov., A. emu, sp. nov., A. kochi, sp. nov., A. leei, sp. nov., A. sororius, sp. nov., A. southwelli, sp. nov. and A. urbanus, sp. nov. Litodamus contains three species: L. hickmani, sp. nov. (type species), L. olga sp. nov. and L. collinus, sp. nov. Dimidamus contains six species: D. dimidiatus (Simon), comb. nov. (type species), D. simoni, sp. nov., D. leopoldi (Roewer), comb. nov., D. arau, sp. nov., D. sero, sp. nov. and D. enaro, sp. nov. Novodamus contains two species: N. nodatus (Karsch), comb. nov. (type species) and N. supernus, sp. nov.; Linyphia meianozantha Urquhart is treated as a junior synonym of N. nodatus. Oncodamus contains two species: 0. bidens (Karsch), comb. nov. (type species) and 0. decipiens, sp. nov. The Megadictyninae, stat. nov., contains two genera from New Zealand, Megadictyna Dahl with M. thilenii Dahl and Forstertyna, gen. nov. with F. marplesi (Forster), comb. nov. Cladistic analysis confirms the division of the family into two subfamilies, and recognises several subgroups within the Nicodaminae: Nicodamus + Durodamus, Ambicodamus + Litodamus, and Novodamus + Oncodamus.

The perforated trilobite Laethoprusia gen. nov., and the phylogeny of Koneprusia and Isoprusia (Odontopleuridae, Koneprusiinae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Ramsköld
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Montagne Noire

ABSTRACTThe subfamily Koneprusiinae is revised as part of a larger study of the Odontopleuridae, and Laethoprusia gen. nov. is described. The type species L. salax sp. nov. is from the Wenlock of Gotland, Sweden, and the genus is known also from the Wenlock of the Montagne Noire in south France, and from the Lower Devonian of Australia. The type species is most unusual among trilobites in possessing large fenestrae perforating the exoskeleton on segmental boundaries from the cephalic posterior margin to within the pygidium. The fenestrae were probably covered with soft tissues. Their function is enigmatic. Laethoprusia gen. nov. is the sister taxon to Isoprusia and/or Koneprusia. These genera are revised, and a review of all species assigned to them is given. A cladistic analysis of the best known taxa of Laethoprusia, Isoprusia, and Koneprusia is presented. Laethoprusia is the most derived genus of the subfamily, although stratigraphically it is the earliest.

Three new species, two new genera, and new family Biphragmosagittidae (Сhaetognatha) from Southwest Pacific Ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
A.P. Kassatkina
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Order ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species

Resuming published and own data, a revision of classification of Chaetognatha is presented. The family Sagittidae Claus & Grobben, 1905 is given a rank of subclass, Sagittiones, characterised, in particular, by the presence of two pairs of sac-like gelatinous structures or two pairs of fins. Besides the order Aphragmophora Tokioka, 1965, it contains the new order Biphragmosagittiformes ord. nov., which is a unique group of Chaetognatha with an unusual combination of morphological characters: the transverse muscles present in both the trunk and the tail sections of the body; the seminal vesicles simple, without internal complex compartments; the presence of two pairs of lateral fins. The only family assigned to the new order, Biphragmosagittidae fam. nov., contains two genera. Diagnoses of the two new genera, Biphragmosagitta gen. nov. (type species B. tarasovi sp. nov. and B. angusticephala sp. nov.) and Biphragmofastigata gen. nov. (type species B. fastigata sp. nov.), detailed descriptions and pictures of the three new species are presented.

Revision of the bamboo leafhopper tribe Mukariini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from the Indian subcontinent with description of new genera and species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4547 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
C.A. VIRAKTAMATH ◽  
M.D. WEBB
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
New Records ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Subgenus

Leafhopper genera and species of the tribe Mukariini from the Indian subcontinent are revised. Nine genera and 22 species including two new genera, one new subgenus and 12 new species are dealt with. The new taxa described are Aalinga gen. nov. with its type species Aalinga brunoflava sp. nov. (India: Andaman Islands), Buloria indica sp. nov. (India: Karnataka). Buloria zeylanica sp. nov. (Sri Lanka), Flatfronta bella sp. nov. (India: Karnataka; Bangladesh), Mohunia bifurcata sp. nov. (Myanmar), Mukaria omani sp. nov. (India: Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh), Mukaria vakra sp. nov. (India: Karnataka), Mukariella gen. nov. with its type species Mukariella daii sp. nov. (India: Manipur), Myittana (Benglebra) cornuta sp. nov. (India: Karnataka), Myittana (Myittana) distincta sp. nov. (India: Karnataka), Myittana (Savasa) subgen. nov. with its type species Myittana (Savasa) constricta sp. nov. (India: Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand) and Scaphotettix arcuatus sp. nov. (India: West Bengal, Meghalaya, Mizoram). Genera Buloria Distant (new placement), Crispina Distant (new placement) and Myittana Distant (new placement) are placed in the tribe Mukariini. Genus Mohunia is redefined based on the study of its type species. Benglebra Mahmood & Ahmed 1969 is synonymised with Myittana Distant 1908 and considered as its subgenus. Myittana (Benglebra) alami (Mahmood & Ahmed) comb. nov., Myittana (Savasa) bipunctata (Mahmood & Ahmed) comb. nov.. Myittana (Benglebra) introspina (Chen & Yang 2007) comb. nov. and Mukariella bambusana (Li & Chen) comb. nov. are proposed; the first two species were earlier placed in the genus Benglebra, the third species in the genus Mohunia and the fourth in the genus Mukaria. Genera Flatfronta Chen & Li and Myittana are new records for India and Scaphotettix striata Dai & Zhang is a new record for the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka. All taxa dealt with are described and illustrated and keys for genera and their species are also given. 

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