Manure management and environmental effects

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
V. C. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Odour Dispersion

AbstractThe management of pig manures and slurries has not responded to the changes that have occurred in the development of pig farms. Management systems have remained unchanged despite the fact that the majority of pigs (64%) are kept on 10–3% of all pig units. The pressures of heavy applications of manures on restricted areas of land and the large numbers of animals kept in buildings has given rise to environmental pollution by odours and by contamination of water and of the soil.The cause of odour formation in buildings is discussed, together with the effects of dust on odour dispersion. Methods of reducing odours and the effect of straw on odour formation and slurry handling are discussed.Methods of controlling odours from buildings, stores and from manure applied to the land are reviewed and areas which need further research and development are proposed.Environmental pollution by manures and slurries of water and soils and measures to control pollution are reviewed.

scholarly journals Alternative Management Systems of Beef Cattle Manure for Reducing Nitrogen Loadings: A Case-Study Approach

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Yubin Wang ◽  
Suraj Ghimire ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Renjie Dong ◽  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Nitrogen Loadings

Livestock manure is one of the main sources of agricultural nonpoint source pollution and poses a great threat to the environment and human health. Sustainable management of manure via recycling is an effective means to tackle the problem. Based on field interviews in China, multiple case studies were employed to investigate alternative manure management systems. Four conclusions arose. First, compost-based systems, product-based systems, substrate-based systems, and biogas-based systems were identified as four main types of manure management systems, with each possessing its success factors and risk factors. The adoption of a system was driven by various factors. Second, market-oriented operation was the dominant operation mechanism of all the manure management systems. Third, compared to direct application of manure to croplands, all the four manure management systems could reduce nitrogen loadings from livestock farms and lower their environmental effects. Among the systems, biogas-based systems could reduce nitrogen loadings to the greatest extent, followed by product-based systems and substrate-based systems, and then by compost-based systems. Lastly, integrated management of manure with mixed recycling systems is imperative for reducing its environmental effects, which can benefit from the increasing role of third-party entities in manure recycling. Policy implications were also discussed.

Manure Management Systems-Iowa Dairy Producer Surveys

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenn A. Bentley ◽  
Leo L. Timms ◽  
Larry F. Tranel ◽  
Ron A. Lenth
Keyword(s):  
Management Systems ◽  
Manure Management

scholarly journals China steps up its efforts in research and development to combat environmental pollution

2007 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Guan Zhu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Zi-Jian Wang ◽  
Peter Christie ◽  
J. Nigel B. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Environmental Pollution

scholarly journals Trade-offs between Manure Management with and without Biogas Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Norbert Grösch ◽  
Mitra K. Delivand ◽  
Mirko Barz ◽  
Petra Bittrich
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Trade Offs

Introduction: In rural developing countries with a traditional manure management, animal manure is a value-added agricultural commodity being utilized as a source of fuel and plant nutrients. The sustainable environmental management of this resource has to consider the whole upstream and downstream activities of current management systems. Methods & Materials: In line with this requirement, this study has integrated the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method on manure managements into the life-cycle assessment of two different manure management systems: the traditional system without biogas production and the alternative system with biogas production. Special attention is given to compare the GHG emissions as well as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), and Potassium (K) Fertilizing Nutrients (NPK) from the two systems. Results: The great advantage of manure conversion to biogas is mainly due to the avoided wood (18 kg/animal.yr), crop-residues (12 kg/ animal.yr) and dung (8 kg/ animal.yr) used as cooking fuels in the region. If methane leakage is over 38% then this will offset the GHG emission reduction of manure-to-biogas system.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Halogenated Coumarins for Antimosquito Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venugopala K. Narayanaswamy ◽  
Raquel M. Gleiser ◽  
Kabange Kasumbwe ◽  
Bandar E. Aldhubiab ◽  
Mahesh V. Attimarad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Adulticidal Activity ◽  
Natural Coumarins

Mosquitoes are the major vectors of parasites and pathogens affecting humans and domestic animals. The widespread development of insecticide resistance and negative environmental effects of most synthetic compounds support an interest in finding and developing alternative products against mosquitoes. Natural coumarins and synthetic coumarin analogues are known for their several pharmacological properties, including being insecticidal. In the present study halogenated coumarins (3-mono/dibromo acetyl, 6-halogenated coumarin analogues) were screened for larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent properties againstAnopheles arabiensis, a zoophilic mosquito that is one of the dominant vectors of malaria in Africa. Five compounds exerted 100% larval mortality within 24 h of exposure. All coumarins and halogenated coumarins reversibly knocked down adult mosquitoes but did not kill them after 24 h of exposure. Repellent properties could not be evidenced. Five compounds were considered potential larvicidal agents for further research and development, while adulticidal activity was considered only mild to moderate.

scholarly journals Functional Classification of Swine Manure Management Systems Based on Effluent and Gas Emission Characteristics

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Zahn ◽  
J.L. Hatfield ◽  
D.A. Laird ◽  
T.T. Hart ◽  
Y.S. Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swine Manure ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Functional Classification ◽  
Gas Emission

An Assessment Tool applied to Manure Management Systems using Innovative Technologies

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus G. Sørensen ◽  
Brian H. Jacobsen ◽  
Sven G. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Innovative Technologies

Death and Disability

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-159
Author(s):  
Judkin Browning ◽  
Timothy Silver
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Dead

This chapter discusses the environmental effects of death, and what happens when a corpse becomes part of the natural environment. Bodies decomposed rapidly, producing an unbearable stench. It led both armies to develop techniques for burial, embalming, and transportation of the dead to prevent sickness. The Overland Campaign—especially the battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and the Crater—and its extraordinary number of casualties, is the primary military focus. The chapter also discusses the advancements in medical care to treat wounded soldiers. Large numbers of disabled men had environmental effects as well, such as fewer acres of farmland due to the loss of labor, and expensive government policies to provide pensions for the disabled after the war.

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