Concentration and tension

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Gellrich ◽  
Richard Parncutt
Keyword(s):  
Piano Music ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Musical Expression ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Music Practice ◽  
Complete Relaxation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Different Parts

Relaxation clearly plays an important role in music practice and performance. However complete relaxation is neither possible nor musically appropriate. A certain degree of tension is always necessary to enable a suitable level of concentration and musical expression.Concentration inevitably produces muscular reactions in different parts of the body. These cause problems when they occur in mutually opposing combinations. Common locations for such tension knots or blocks in music practice are the back of the neck, the wrists, and the hands (grasping reflex). Causes include overconcentration, emotional involvement in the music, fear of making mistakes in difficult passages, and insufficiently practised playing movements. The described effects are illustrated by reference to the practice and performance of a piece of piano music.The article is based on two lectures given in 1987, one at an ESTA conference in Germany, and the other at an EPTA conference in Yugoslavia.

scholarly journals Application of synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence to investigate the distribution of mineral elements in different organs of greenhouse spinach

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Z. Xin ◽  
Y.J. Song ◽  
C. Lv ◽  
Y.K. Rui ◽  
F.S. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Root Apices ◽  
Different Parts

Consumption of vegetables is one of the most important ways of providing the body with mineral elements. However, it is not clear how mineral elements are distributed in different organs of vegetables, especially vegetables grown in greenhouses. The distribution of mineral elements in the root and leaves of greenhouse spinach was determined using synchrotron radiation XRF, the results indicated that the amount of various elements in different parts of the leaves, roots and stems were inequable. Generally, the content of the elements in the root base were slightly higher than in the other parts. The amounts in the root apices were much lower than those in the other parts while the amount of every element decreased gradually from the root base to the root apices. In stems, the amount of K, Ca, Fe, Ni, and Zn were higher in the base of the stem than in the top of stem while the amounts of Co and Cu were higher in the top of the stem than in the base of stem. From all the elements detected in the stem, Mn was at the lowest concentration. In leaves, Co and Zn were primarily accumulated around the main veins and the amount of Mn in the tip of the leaf was higher than in the other parts. In contrast, K, Ca, Ni, and Cu were higher in the center of the leaf.

Nurturing and Pampering Paradigm for Office Ergonomics

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 519-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra D Paul
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Mood States ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mental Performance ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
And Performance

This paper proposes that current ergonomic practices for design of sedentary jobs, focusing on comfort and support, are inadequate to create healthy and productive workplaces. In fact, they may be counter-productive over the long term. The key results from several research investigations supporting this proposition are: 1) Comfortable workstations adjusted to the user, along with training and education, were inadequate to relieve potentially harmful spinal stress and circulatory impedance caused by sedentary jobs (Paul, 1995; Paul and Helander, 1995). 2) Sedentary jobs induced cognitive mood states like drowsiness and lack of alertness that degrade cognitive function and performance (Paul, 1995b). 3) Activity and movement, for example, between sitting and standing, significantly reduced spinal stress and improved blood circulation (Paul, 1995a; Paul and Helander, 1996a). They also improved mood states linked with superior mental performance (Paul, 1995b; Paul, Morrow and Helander, 1996) 4) Excessively comfortable sedentary work settings induce mood states that could be detrimental to cognitive performance (Paul, Morrow and Helander, 1996). 5) Comfort and discomfort are not two ends of an evaluative spectrum, but rather two orthogonal constructs with two sets of casual factors (Zhang and Helander, 1992). These results collectively provided foundation for the nurturing and pampering paradigm. In this paradigm, nurturing is the strategy to reduce discomfort and pampering is the strategy to apply comfort. Nurturing promotes active, dynamic use of the body during workday to maintain health and prevent injuries. It is discussed using phrases like ‘the best posture is the next posture’ or ‘use it or lose it.’ Pampering with aesthetic and plush environments that induce comfortable perceptions, on the other hand, is a motivational tool with an inverted-U relationship to performance. Utility of this paradigm to create healthy and productive work settings and reduce occupational injuries is supported with several studies from diverse fields. Finally, its implications for workplace design and limitations are discussed.

scholarly journals Disseminated Subcutaneous Rhinosporidiosis: A Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Moniruzzaman Sarker ◽  
AKM Golam Kibria ◽  
Md Manzurul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Past History ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nasal Blockage ◽  
Elective Operation ◽  
Granulomatous Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Surgical Unit ◽  
Different Parts

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection that frequently involves the nose and nasopharynx, and occasionally affects the other areas of the body. We report a 40-year-old patient who had disseminated subcutaneous rhinosporidiosis. The patient presented with multiple subcutaneous lesions over the different parts of the body during last five years. He had a past history of a lesion in his right nostril with nasal blockage and haemorrhage ten years back. In our surgical unit the patient had been subjected to elective operation with excision of subcutaneous lesions. The histopathology report of excised subcutaneous lesions was rhinosporidiosis. The patient is being followed up postoperatively.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v19i1.3166 TAJ 2006; 19(1): 31-33

4. Description of Pygopterus Greenockii (Agassiz); with Notes on the Structural Relations of the genera Pygopterus, Amblypterus and Eurynotus

1866 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 597-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramsay H. Traquair
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Structural Relations ◽  
Different Parts

In this paper a detailed description is given of a species of Pygopterus (P. Greenockii) from the carboniferous shales of Wardie, Mid-Lothian, which was named by Agassiz, but without any figure or description, beyond the mention of the fact that the scales of the anterior part of the trunk are higher than broad, a circumstance distinguishing it from all the other species of this genus.According to specimens exhibited by the author, the scales are of different forms on different parts of the body, being very minute, and nearly equilateral along the belly; the fins are large, and the dorsal is placed so far back as to be nearly opposite the anal; the interspinous bones of the azygos fins are well developed, and there are traces of vertebral apophyses, but none of vertebral bodies.

Ergonomic Glove: Design and Evaluation

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 586-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muralidhar ◽  
R. R. Bishu ◽  
M. S Hallbeck
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Protective Material ◽  
Selective Protection ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Times ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Different Parts

A new design for gloves was developed based on the principle of selective protection, where protective material is introduced in varying levels over different parts of the glove, in order to provide protection where it is most needed, and at the same time preserve the desirable dexterity and strength capabilities of the barehand, optimizing the trade-off between protection and performance. The pattern for selective protection was arrived at based on existing research, and two pairs of gloves incorporating different levels of protection have been prototyped and are currently being tested using a battery of performance tests and an Algometer test for pressure sensitivity. A battery of tests was developed to evaluate a new glove design which used the principle of selective levels of protection over different parts of the hand, in order to maximize protection, and minimize loss of dexterity. The test battery comprised of four dexterity tasks and a maximal voluntary grip strength task. The battery assessed the performance of 5 hand conditions, barehand, single glove (one layer), double glove (two layers), and two prototype gloves, one with one layer of protection (contour glove) and the other with four layers of protection over selected parts of the hand (laminar glove). The evaluation compared the performance of the prototype gloves developed with respect to the performance with the double layer glove and the single layer glove. The results indicated that the performance of the prototype gloves was comparable, and that the performance times for the double glove and the two prototype gloves tested were not significantly different. For the test of grip strength, the two prototype gloves tested enabled better performance than the double glove. The assembly task performance for the prototype II (laminar glove) was significantly lower than that of the other glove types tested

scholarly journals XII.—The Development of the Heart in Man.

1919 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Waterston
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peristaltic Wave ◽  
Simultaneous Development ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Parts

Examination of living embryos has shown that the heart is a functionally active organ from a very early stage of its development. At all periods of life the result of the functional activity is in essentials the same, viz. the propulsion of the blood in a definite direction through the heart into the vessels arising from it; but the mechanism for effecting this propulsion undergoes profound alterations, and the heart becomes transformed from a simple continuous tube, destitute of valves, whose walls contract in a rhythmic peristaltic wave, into a complex four-chambered organ, divided into right and left portions, which are ultimately completely separated from one another, possessing valves, and contracting not in a peristaltic wave but in alternating consecutive contractions of the atria and ventricles of the right and left sides simultaneously. Coincidently with the changes in the heart itself, profound alterations occur in the vessels leading to and from the heart. In this combination of simultaneous development and functional activity the heart differs from the other organs of the body, and hence its development presents special problems involving the function as well as the structure of the different parts. Our knowledge of the development of the heart in man cannot yet be said to be complete.

Hairiness in wool and a method for selection based on the nature of the fibres and the distribution of halo hairs of the lamb's tail

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Labban
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Different Parts

Hairiness in wool of Suffolk sheep as a fault was found to be associated with other defects like coarseness of wool fibres, hairiness of the britch, and the occurrence of pigmented fibres. The presence of these various defects was studied in the lamb's tail at docking time, and subsequently evaluated and correlated with the fleece.The tails were graded according to the nature of the fibres and the spread of halo hairs from the tip to the base into four principal grades which by further subgrading could be made into seven grades. The results were as follows:(1) There was wide variability in grades of tails within each flock.(2) Average grade of tails followed in general the mean quality of the adult fleece.(3) When Border Leicester were crossed with Welsh Mountain the tails of the two reciprocal crosses were found to be of hairy type of tail and nearly like the Welsh Mountain type.(4) The percentage of coloured tails in the least hairy grades was found to be inversely related to the quality of the tail grade and indirectly to the fleece quality.(5) The diameter of the wool fibres on the base of the tail is highly correlated with the diameter of fibres from the britch regions or mean fibre diameter from four regions of the body (mid-shoulder, midside, hip and britch).(6) The mean diameter of the wool fibres obtained from four different parts of the tail was correlated with those of the britch regions only.(7) The diameter and variability of fibres increased from shoulder to britch in the body and from base to tip in the tails.(8) The britch and tails of two groups of sheep, one group characterized by coarse and the other by fine britch and tail wool, were studied histologically. There were significant or highly significant differences in the following characteristics in the britch of the two groups: (a) total number of follicles, (b) primary follicles with no medulla, (c) total number of secondary follicles, (d) secondaries with no medulla, (e) secondaries with large medulla. The only type of follicle where a significant difference was found in the tail was in the number of secondary follicles with no medulla.

scholarly journals Witch accusations, rapes and burnings in South Africa

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Tina Hamrin-Dahl
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Parts

With new different power systems in Africa, the whole concept of learning, authority and power is affected. To have authority means in many cases to have inherent power which exceeds the power of others. So called wizards,wachawi, in Tanzania have been found guilty of killing their victims and taking parts from the bodies to obtain and secure power.The basic ingredients in the medicines which the wachawi use consists of elements taken from the human body on one hand and parts from animals and trees on the other hand. The parts of the body which are obtainable easily are nails, hair and emission of the body. The shadow of a person is also utilized by taking some of the soil over which the shadow had fallen. Other potent parts such as the sex organs, bone from legs or skin from different parts of the body and the nose or tongue are known to be utilized by the wachawi.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters of body conformation and performance traits of Wielkopolski horses registered in the successive volumes of the Herdbook

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kaproń ◽  
E. Czerniak ◽  
M. Łukaszewicz ◽  
A. Danielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Conformation ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Structure Indices ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The study covered 11 376 horses registered in the six successive volumes of the Wielkopolski Herdbook. The level of variability in the body conformation indices and in the performance value indices was analysed. The genetic basis parameters for the body conformation and performance traits of the Wielkopolski horses were assessed. A high level of heritability was identified for the wither height (h2 = 0.566) and cannon circumference (h2 = 0.418), with an average heritability level of the other analysed characteristics (ranging from h2 = 0.205 – for the stallion performance test results to h2 = 0.350 – in the case of chest circumference). On the other hand, genetic correlation between the analysed indices produced the highest values for the relationship between wither height and cannon (rG = 0.636) and chest (rG = 0.551) circumference, as well as for the interrelation between the above dimensions and the following body structure indices: »boniness« (rG = 0.690) and »bulkiness« (rG = 0.541). Considering the extensive scope of the study – and the fact that the breed population was registered in the Wielkopolski Herdbook – the authors suggested the advisability of using the results of the present study for the modification of breeding programs with a view to improve the breed in question, both its principal population and the one included in the program of gene-pool protection.

Experiment role in the world music (based on the «The Road» album of the Ukrainian «Dakha Brakha» band)

2018 ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
Iia Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
World Music ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
Musical Practice ◽  
The Road ◽  
Music Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
Musical Practices

The main objective of this study is the substantiation of experiment as one of the key features of the world music in Ukraine. Based on the creative works of the brightest world music representatives in Ukraine, «Dakha Brakha» band, the experiment is regarded as a kind of creative setting. Methodology and scientific approaches. The methodology was based on the music practice theory by T. Cherednychenko. The author distinguishes four binary oppositions, which can describe the musical practice. According to one of these oppositions («observance of the canon or violation of the canon»), the musical practices, to which the Ukrainian musicology usually classifies the world music («folk music» and «minstrel music»), are compared with the creative work of «Dakha Brakha» band. Study findings. A lack of the setting to experiment in the musical practices of the «folk music» and «minstrel music» separates the world music musical practice from them. Therefore, the world music is a separate type of musical practice in which the experiment is crucial. The study analyzed several scientific articles of Ukrainian musicologists on the world music; examined the history of the Ukrainian «Dakha Brakha» band; presented a list of the folk songs used in the fifth album «The Road» by «Dakha Brakha» band; and showed the degree of the source transformation by musicians based on the example of the «Monk» song. The study findings can be used to form a comprehensive understanding of the world music musical practice. The further studies may be related to clarification of the other parameters of the world music musical practice, and to determination of the experiment role in creative works of the other world music representatives, both Ukrainian and foreign. The practical study value is the ability to use its key provisions in the course of modern music in higher artistic schools of Ukraine. Originality / value. So far, the Ukrainian musicology did not consider the experiment role as the key one in the world music.

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