English in Finland: globalisation, language awareness and questions of identity

English Today ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRMA TAAVITSAINEN ◽  
PÄIVI PAHTA
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
National Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Awareness ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Domain Loss ◽  
History Of

THIS ARTICLE discusses present trends in the use of English in Finland, paying attention to the specific sociohistorical character of the country with its long history of Finnish-Swedish bilingualism. It has been argued that the other Nordic countries are developing from EFL to ESL countries; is Finland heading the same way? If so, at what stage is the process? We shall first give a brief overview of the theoretical background and of the historical development of the language situation in Finland. The present state of the use of English is outlined next, with the focus on education and on areas where the danger of domain loss is most imminent. At the end we discuss the ongoing changes in terms of the identity-forming function of language and the present diffusion in which the national language does not necessarily play a traditional role.

1. On the Philological Genius and Character of the Neo-Hellenic Dialect

1875 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
Blackie
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Present State ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Of Greece

The Author showed by a historical review of the fortunes of Greece, through the Middle Ages, and under the successive influences of Turkish conquest and Turkish oppression, how the Greek language had escaped corruption to the degree that would have caused the birth of a new language in the way that Italian and the other Roman languages grew out of Latin. He then analysed the modern language, as it existed in current popular literature before the time of Coraes, that is, from the time of Theodore Ptochoprodromus to nearly the end of the last century, and showed that the losses and curtailments which it had unquestionably suffered in the course of so many centuries, were not such as materially to impair the strength and beauty of the language, which in its present state was partly to be regarded as a living bridge betwixt the present and the past, and as an altogether unique phenomenon in the history of human speech.

scholarly journals On the History of Ante(s): Exaptation of Adverbial –s?

Languages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Dorien Nieuwenhuijsen
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

In this paper we will describe the historical development of the Spanish doublet ante-antes (‘before’) and explore the question whether a process of exaptation is involved (cf. Lass 1990). We will argue that the final –s of antes, that originally marked the adverbial status of the word, in the course of time had become a kind of morphological ‘junk’ (cf. Lass 1990) and, subsequently, could be exploited in order to encode the semantic opposition between temporal meaning on the one hand, and adversative meaning on the other hand. However, based on quantitative data we will show that the incipient semantic redistribution over the course of the 16th century rather suddenly collapsed, leading to a differentiation between the prepositional ante and adverbial antes.

The historical development of the language - the basis of human history

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-121
Author(s):  
Murodova Nigora
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
National Language ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Culture And Language

The study of the national language is largely dependent on the study of the history of the people who speak the language. The people are the creators of their own culture and language as well as the creators of their own history. We study the history and culture of the people by learning the language. It is directly related to the study of the linguistic features of the dialects that exist in the language. As is known, everything that occurs in social life is reflected first and foremost in the vocabulary of the language. But over time, some words become consumed and gradually forgotten. Such words are mainly related to the material way of life of the people, but are also a rich source of information about the ethnos' history. This article discusses such words that are preserved in Uzbek dialects of Navoi region.

scholarly journals Diglossic past and present lexicographical practices

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assimakis Tseronis
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Language Question ◽  
The Way

The publication of a dictionary is a means to describe, codify and ultimately standardise a language. This process is complicated by the lexicographer’s own attitude towards the language and the public’s sensitivity on language matters. The recent publication of the two most authoritative dictionaries of Modern Greek and their respective lexical coverage reveals the continuing survival of the underlying ideologies of the two sponsoring institutions concerning the history of the Greek language, as well as their opposing standpoints on the language question over the past decades, some 25 years after the constitutional resolution of the Greek diglossia, affecting the way they describe the synchronic state of language. The two dictionaries proceed from opposing starting points in attempting to influence and set a pace for the standardisation of Modern Greek by presenting two different aspects of the synchronic state of Greek, one of which focuses on the long history of the language and thus takes the present state to be only a link in an uninterrupted chain dating from antiquity, and the other of which focuses on the present state of Greek and thus takes this fully developed autonomous code to be the outcome of past linguistic processes and socio-cultural changes in response to the linguistic community’s present needs. The absence of a sufficiently representative corpus has restrained the descriptive capacity of the two dictionaries and has given space for ideology to come into play, despite the fact that both dictionaries have made concessions in order to account for the present-day Greek language.

scholarly journals La Galería de las Máquinas de 1889. Reflexiones histórico-estructurales

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Estévez Cimadevila ◽  
Isaac López César
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Arch Structures ◽  
Materials Used

<p><em>The Galerie des Machines of 1889 is present in most books on the history of architecture. There are, however, certain aspects of this building that merit a more in-depth study. Other elements have been incorrectly described in current and contemporary publications about the building. The aim of this article is to examine the place this building occupies in the historical development of metal arch structures, its precedents and the influence it has exerted on later buildings of a similar structure. On the other hand, there have also been contradictions concerning the materials used in the erection of the structure and the reasons behind using them, as well as the exact span achieved. This article will unequivocally resolve these issues.</em></p>

“How Other Peoples Dwell and Build”

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-421
Author(s):  
Marcel Vellinga
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
History Of

In 1953, architect, planner, and historian Erwin Anton Gutkind published a series of articles collectively titled “How Other Peoples Dwell and Build” in Architectural Design. At a glance, the series seems an anomaly in Gutkind's extensive oeuvre, and it remains little known in the field of vernacular architecture. In “How Other Peoples Dwell and Build”: Erwin Anton Gutkind and the Architecture of the Other, Marcel Vellinga aims to place the series within the broader context of Gutkind's writings. Running through Gutkind's work—and underlined in Vellinga's article—is the thesis that the historical development of human settlements mirrors the degenerating relationships between individuals and their communities, and between human beings and the natural environment. Thus, the Architectural Design series is an integral part of Gutkind's writings on the history of urban development. The series is one of the first architectural publications to focus on vernacular traditions from an international perspective and to emphasize the importance of studying vernacular architecture in its larger cultural and environmental contexts.

Towards a Social History of Art: Defining "Mozarabic"

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecily Hilsdale
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spanish Art ◽  
The One

AbstractMedieval Spanish art posed a particular problem for art historians due to the difficulty in reconciling strcmg formal differences between perceived Classicism on the one hand and foreign "Mozarabic" elements on the other. The connotations of such formal designations reveal much about larger perceptions of historical development at the beginning of this century. The term "Mozarabic" in early essays by Meyer Schapiro among others attained its definition solely in opposition to other earlier and later styles. It was understood in a pejorative light as the inferior counterpart to other formal idioms such as the Romanesque.

Materials for the Study of the Economic History of Modern China

1961 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Feuerwerker
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Economic History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Large Crop ◽  
History Of Modern China

Given the present state of the study of Chinese economic history, this survey ought either to be limited to a single paragraph—or else it should comprise a monograph of several hundred pages. Thirty pages of selected titles may leave the reader with a false impression that these are the cream of a very large crop; on the other hand, within this space I can barely adumbrate the thousands of potential sources—printed and in manuscript, ephemeral and lasting—that will eventually have to be digested before the economic history of China will be definitively written.

scholarly journals From Relativization to Nominalization and More: Evidence from the History of Okinawan

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reijirou Shibasaki
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Survey Result ◽  
The Other ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Full Account ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asian Languages

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:The nominalization-relativization syncretism is characteristic of languages in Tibeto-Burman areas (e.g. Noonan 1997; DeLancey 1999), whilst the diachronic process of the phenomenon is now pursued in East and Southeast Asian languages as well (e.g. Yap and Wrona forthcoming). These preceding works propose two different directions of change. One is that nominalization has developed into relativization (e.g. Yap and Matthews 2008) albeit with a lack of syntactic explicitness in some cases by the want of historical documents. The other concerns the inverse direction from relativization to nominalization, which is proposed by researchers such as LaPolla (2003 with Huang). Although they are opposing against each other, each survey result remains and raises an intriguing possibility, which is worth reconsideration through the analysis of other languages. However, it should be pointed out that preceding research cannot give a full account of the directions with a paucity of crucial historical evidence. Genetti (2008) embarks on a reconstructing research into the diachronic process in which relativization and nominalization each give rise to the other based on five Tibeto-Burman languages; she provides a good syntactic analysis, but any synchronic study seems to have its own limits. Building on these preceding works, this study addresses the historical development of the Okinawan nominalizer si, which used to be sï (see the next section), out of its earlier usage as the head of relative clause i.e. from relativization to nominalization.

scholarly journals The History of Conflict between Institutional and Native Hebrew in Israel

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 9-35
Author(s):  
Uri Mor
Keyword(s):  
Formal Language ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
National Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
Generational Identity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Contemporary popular discourse on Hebrew prescriptivism betrays an interesting ambivalence: acceptance of institutional standards on the one hand and objection to normative intervention on the other. This ambivalence can be traced to the tension between the Language Committee and the Palestine Teachers’ Association during the Second Aliyah. Both advocated that Israel adopt a modern national language, but the former was in favor of a systematic language planning, while the latter was in favor of spontaneous language adoption. In the 1950s, a similar tension developed between the older generation and the Sabras (native speakers), whose generational identity had crystallized during the pre-State period. The language promoted by the former group was an institutional variety bound to a prescriptive norm, while that promoted by the latter was a native variety bound to conventional norms and real-life experience. The tension in these two episodes led to a deep cultural rift—one that is familiar to every Hebrew speaker in Israel—between the formal language of the state and the natural language of Hebrew speakers. A crosslinguistic perspective reveals a resemblance between Israeli Hebrew and European Late Dialect Selection languages, suggesting that the ambivalence towards prescriptivism in fact indicates ambivalence towards the national language, which is perceived, simultaneously, as a manifestation of a stable national identity and an institutional interference in individual speech

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