Medical Technology in The United States: The Last Decade

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise B. Russell ◽  
Jane E. Sisk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Third Party Reimbursement ◽  
Recent Policy ◽  
Organizational Innovations

AbstractThis paper reviews the evolution of U.S. policy toward medical technology in areas such as cost containment, regulation of devices and drugs, and third party reimbursement. In addition the authors chronicle the diffusion of major medical technologies, procedures, and organizational innovations in the United States. Finally, the article provides tentative observations on the effect of recent policy changes and concludes with some recommendations for the future.

PP403 New Medical Technology Adoption In Asia Pacific: Focused On South Korea And Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
Hyojung Hwang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Market Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Medicare Coverage

IntroductionThis study is the first to analyze and compare the distinctive market access process of new medical technologies focused on technical fee creation in South Korea and Japan. The purpose of this study is to derive implications for each country through analysis and comparison of the market access process and propose improvements of new medical technology adoption program by referring the United States’ incentive program for innovative technology.MethodsIdentification and review the published articles and health polices, and reports related to the medical procedure (medical technologies) coding and payment rule in South Korea, Japan and the United States.ResultsIn Korea, for the rapid introduction of new medical technologies, a One-Stop Service program (aka parallel review process) is operated that simultaneously conducts regulatory approval and new health technology assessment (nHTA) process. In Japan, the Sakigake designation program aims to give patients better access to innovative pharmaceuticals, medical technologies, and regenerative medicines by streamlining the approval and pricing process but it doesn't provide immediate coverage after approval. Medicare Coverage for Innovative Technology (MCIT) is one of the incentive programs for innovative technology which aims to improve patient access to new medical technologies through rapid market access process in the United States. Medical technologies designated a Breakthrough Device receive immediate Medicare Coverage for 4 years by MCIT.ConclusionsIt is recommended for Korea and Japan to actively implement the accelerated patient access process and grant affordable premium prices for the innovative medical technologies. MCIT can be considered as a breakthrough for innovative medical technology adaption.

Open approach to rivers

2020 ◽  
pp. 242-275
Author(s):  
S. Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Levee System ◽  
Recent Policy

Chapter 10 provides an overview of the Open approach, focusing on its merits, progress, and prospects and showing how it can be more conducive to sustainable development. It shows that the Open approach is not a passive approach but requires sustained activities along many dimensions, including both flood-proofing and flood-regulating measures. The chapter follows the progression of the Open approach. It discusses the reflection of this approach in the European Union’s Directive on Floods and its implementation. It takes note of country level initiatives in many European countries, such as the Netherlands’ “Room for River” project, that conform with the Open approach. The chapter then examines some recent policy changes in the United States regarding the Mississippi levee system that also reflect the Open approach. It also reviews the progress of the Open approach in other parts of the world.

scholarly journals Meddling Through: Regulating Local Telephone Competition in the United States

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Harris ◽  
C Jeffrey Kraft
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Telecommunications Act Of 1996 ◽  
Local Competition ◽  
Telecommunications Infrastructure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Telephone Competition ◽  
Regulatory Decisions ◽  
Recent Policy

After a brief history of telecommunication policies and the development of local competition in the United States, this paper analyzes the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and subsequent FCC and state regulatory decisions. Unfortunately, these recent policy changes have generated pervasive, intrusive regulations, undermining the objectives the Telecom Act was intended to promote: competition, innovation, and investment in telecommunications infrastructure. States should allow incumbent local carriers to rebalance their retail rates and set interconnection prices based on actual costs. Federal policymakers should reduce and liberalize regulations, allowing market forces more freedom to allocate resources and shape industry structure.

Evolution of Transgender Policies in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Physical Changes

In the United States, increasing numbers of transgender people are coming forward and working to change legislation to better protect their lives and identities. These changes have come over a long period of time with the work of transgender people and allies. Societal acceptance and support for transgender people has evolved, first in the provision of medical resources allowing for physical changes, and later in legislation supporting and protecting people’s ability to publicly and legally express their gender. However, these changes have not been always been to benefit transgender people as others sought to control and limit people’s ability to express nonnormative genders. Policy changes occur in reaction to transgender people, but at the same time, transgender people have been working to allow themselves the freedom to express their genders freely. Major changes first began when scientists and medical professionals became interested in medical technologies such as hormones and its affects on people’s bodies. It was these discoveries that also interested people who felt dysphoric about their gender expression and saw these procedures as being able to reduce their pain and improve their lives. The movement to utilize surgical techniques soon followed. As more people sought these services, medical professionals developed guidelines to identify those who would benefit from the procedures and how to utilize these technologies safely to help people transition from one gender to another. As more people were able to transition, policies arose to prevent or limit people’s ability to express their identity, but transgender people and allies also organized to counter this movement and propose policies that are more supportive and protective for them.

This Is Not Your Father’s (or Your Mother’s) Army

Head Strong ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 158-180
Author(s):  
Michael D. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Military Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Recent Policy

By the year 2050, whites will no longer be the majority in the United States. As the nation changes, the military also must change in order to reflect the ethnic and racial composition of the nation and to remain an effective fighting force. In addition to race and ethnicity, the modern military welcomes into its ranks all Americans who qualify to serve. Psychologists may inform the military on ways to better achieve balance among its ranks. Recent policy changes allow women to serve in all military jobs, including direct combat. The history of African Americans and women’s military service is described. Gays, lesbians, and other formerly stigmatized and discriminated against individuals now serve openly, and methods for reducing stigma and bias are discussed. The importance of having a military that accurately represents its national population is explored.

Regulating Medical Devices in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Zettler ◽  
Erika Lietzan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Medical Device Regulation

This chapter assesses the regulation of medical devices in the United States. The goal of the US regulatory framework governing medical devices is the same as the goal of the framework governing medicines. US law aims to ensure that medical devices are safe and effective for their intended uses; that they become available for patients promptly; and that manufacturers provide truthful, non-misleading, and complete information about the products. US medical device law is different from US medicines law in many ways, however, perhaps most notably because most marketed devices do not require pre-market approval. The chapter explores how the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeks to accomplish its mission with respect to medical devicecough its implementation of its medical device authorities. It starts by explaining what constitutes a medical device and how the FDA classifies medical devices by risk level. The chapter then discusses how medical devices reach the market, the FDA's risk management tools, and the rules and incentives for innovation and competition. It concludes by exploring case studies of innovative medical technologies that challenge the traditional US regulatory scheme to consider the future of medical device regulation.

Selling Cost Containment

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-119
Author(s):  
Timothy Stoltzfus Jost ◽  
Sandra J. Tanenbaum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Reform ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Payer

Health care expenditures in the United States have continued to grow despite efforts to control them. This Article discusses the need for health care reform, outlines the model that reform should follow, and considers why the United States has not progressed toward a workable solution. It introduces a single-payer approach to cost containment and explains how such an approach could be “sold” in the United States. Finally, the Article examines various ways to mobilize support for such health care reform.

Third-party funding na arbitragem contra Estados: a relativização da imunidade executória na execução da sentença arbitral contra Estados

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-234
Author(s):  
Ana Monteiro ◽  
Daniel Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Asset Pricing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Third Party ◽  
State Immunity ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Party Funding

The purpose of this article is to assess the risk for preventing the execution of arbitral awards made against Sovereign States due to the State’s immunity shield. Given the importance of an accurate asset pricing in the business of third-party funding (TPF), the topic entails a particular relevance to the current context of globalized litigation in light of its contribution to the promotion of TPF at the international arbitration community. After reviewing the literature on TPF, on the peculiarities of investment and commercial arbitrations against States and on the evolution of State immunity (also in terms of domestic legislation, considering the local laws passed by the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia), the article aims explore how the funder should incorporate into its risk assessment the risk of not executing awards rendered against Sovereign States.

Pharmaceutical Innovation in the United States: Factors Affecting Future Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Regulatory Strategy

AbstractFueled by high returns on its investments, the pharmaceutical industry in the United States has flourished for the past 50 years. The regulatory strategy of demanding stringent testing then allowing market-based pricing has allowed private companies to fund ambitious research and development activities with the assurance that these investments will be recovered. However, aggressive managed-care cost-containment strategies threaten the companies' ability to recoup research and development expenses and may affect their willingness to invest in future innovative research.

scholarly journals Midwifery Practice and Education: Current Challenges and Opportunities

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Walker ◽  
Barbara Lannen ◽  
Debra Rossie
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Prescriptive Authority ◽  
Educational Challenges ◽  
Midwifery Education ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Nurse Midwives ◽  
Restrictive Legislation ◽  
Third Party Reimbursement

Midwifery clinical practice and education has changed significantly since Mary Breckinridge first introduced nurse-midwives to the United States in 1925. This article discusses current challenges in midwifery clinical practice and education and proposes possible solutions. Midwifery clinical challenges include restrictive legislation and business-related barriers, including but not limited to physician supervision restrictions, prescriptive authority, out-of-hospital birth legislation, and third party reimbursement. Educational challenges highlighted include the current healthcare climate’s influence on midwifery education, the contribution of clinical sites and preceptors, and the benefits of midwifery education.

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