Predictable timing of oestrus in the tropical bat Saccopteryx bilineata living in a Costa Rican rain forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Greiner ◽  
Franz Schwarzenberger ◽  
Christian C. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Seasonal Reproduction ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Saccopteryx Bilineata ◽  
Progesterone Metabolites ◽  
Equatorial Climate ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract:Many tropical mammals reproduce seasonally, although the circum-equatorial climate is more stable and less seasonal than that of temperate zones. The mechanisms underlying seasonal reproduction in the tropics remain enigmatic. Female reproduction and its relation to environmental factors were investigated in the Neotropical bat species Saccopteryx bilineata. Colonies consist of year-round stable groups of several females that are defended each by an adult male. Females give birth to a single offspring each year and it is suggested that mating is restricted to November and December. In this study, it was asked whether females of a Costa Rican colony come into oestrus around the same time each year and whether oestrus times are synchronized. Oestrogen and progesterone metabolites were monitored from faeces between October and January in four years. Oestrus was identified in 32 females. In addition, climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature were monitored at the study site. Results indicate that (1) females exhibit monoestry, (2) oestrus dates cluster around the first half of December, (3) reproduction is strongly seasonal and highly predictable and (4) oestrus times are possibly influenced by long-term cues like photoperiod and short-term cues like sudden changes in rainfall and temperature.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulations of Heavy Rainfalls by a Global Cloud-Resolving Model

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Satoh ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Simulation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cloud Resolving Model ◽  
Numerical Weather Forecasting ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Tropical Weather ◽  
The Tropics

The Global Cloud-Resolving Model is a next-generation atmospheric global model with potential to open up new areas in numerical weather forecasting and climate simulation. The new model, called NICAM, has shown realistic behavior for precipitation systems over the global domain, particularly over the tropics. One impact of the global cloud-resolving model is the attainment of realistic simulation of rainfall in the tropics realizing a multiscale nature from kilometer to planetary, because rainfall in the tropics affects short-term local tropical weather and the long-term global climate. We review the global cloud-resolving model using simulation results from NICAM, and discuss its applicability in reducing natural weather disasters.

scholarly journals Time-Series Analysis of Seasonal Changes of the O Inversion Polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Rodríguez-Trelles ◽  
Gonzalo Alvarez ◽  
Carlos Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Series Analysis

We have studied seasonal variation (spring, early summer, last summer and autumn) of inversion polymorphisms of the O chromosome of Drosophila subobscura in a natural population over 15 years. The length of the study allowed us to investigate the temporal behavior (short-term seasonal changes and long-term directional trends) of the O arrangements by the powerful statistical method of time series analysis. It is shown that the O inversion polymorphisms varied on two different time scales: short-term seasonal changes repeated over the years superimposed on long-term directional trends. All the common arrangements (O3+4+7,  OST,  O3+4 and O3+4+8) showed significant cyclic seasonal changes, and all but one of these arrangements (O3+4+7) showed significant long-term trends. Moreover, the degree of seasonality was different for different arrangements. Thus, O3+4+7 and OST showed the highest seasonality, which accounted for ∼61 and 47% of their total variances, respectively. The seasonal changes in the frequencies of chromosome arrangements were significantly associated with the seasonal variation of the climate (temperature, rainfall, humidity and insolation). In particular, O3+4+7 and OST, the arrangements with the greatest seasonal component, showed the strongest association with all climatic factors investigated, especially to the seasonal changes of extreme temperature and humidity.

scholarly journals Perceptions on climate change and its impact on livelihoods in Hwange district, Zimbabwe

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Nhemachena ◽  
Reneth Mano ◽  
Shakespear Mudombi ◽  
Virginia Muwanigwa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Local Livelihood ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

This study investigated perceptions of rural communities on climate change and its impacts on livelihoods. The research was conducted in the semi-arid Hwange district in Matebelel and North province of Zimbabwe. The perceptions were compared with empirical evidence from climatic studies on trends on temperature and rainfall, and impacts on livelihoods in the country and region. The findings from the current study are generally in agreement with those of other studies that indicate changes in the climate, especially in terms of rainfall. This largely applies to short-term periods; however, for long-term periods it is difficult to accurately relate rural community perceptions to changes in rainfall over time. Despite perceived changes and impacts of climate change on local livelihood activities, mainly agriculture, there are multiple stressors that the communities face which also affect their livelihoods. Further evidence-based research is required to disentangle climate change impacts on livelihoods, including livelihood impacts arising from interactions of climate and non-climatic factors.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

Abstract #283 Diabetes Increases Short-Term but not Long-Term Risk of Fracture: A Community-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Alyssa Dufour ◽  
Setareh Williams ◽  
Richard Weiss ◽  
Elizabeth Samelson
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Risk Of Fracture

Abstract #238: Improved Short Term and Long Term Outcomes of Early Insulin Initiation in Type 2 Diabetes Over 10 Years

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Jothydev Kesavadev ◽  
Shashank Joshi ◽  
Banshi Saboo ◽  
Hemant Thacker ◽  
Arun Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Initiation ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Short Term

Anticoagulation in addition to dual antiplatelet therapy has no impact on long-term follow-up after endovascular treatment of (sub)acute lower limb ischemia

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-329
Author(s):  
Mariya Kronlage ◽  
Erwin Blessing ◽  
Oliver J. Müller ◽  
Britta Heilmeier ◽  
Hugo A. Katus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Summary. Background: To assess the impact of short- vs. long-term anticoagulation in addition to standard dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) upon endovascular treatment of (sub)acute thrombembolic occlusions of the lower extremity. Patient and methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on 202 patients with a thrombembolic occlusion of lower extremities, followed by crirical limb ischemia that received endovascular treatment including thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, or a combination of both between 2006 and 2015 at a single center. Following antithrombotic regimes were compared: 1) dual antiplatelet therapy, DAPT for 4 weeks (aspirin 100 mg/d and clopidogrel 75 mg/d) upon intervention, followed by a lifelong single antiplatelet therapy; 2) DAPT plus short term anticoagulation for 4 weeks, followed by a lifelong single antiplatelet therapy; 3) DAPT plus long term anticoagulation for > 4 weeks, followed by a lifelong anticoagulation. Results: Endovascular treatment was associated with high immediate revascularization (> 98 %), as well as overall and amputation-free survival rates (> 85 %), independent from the chosen anticoagulation regime in a two-year follow up, p > 0.05. Anticoagulation in addition to standard antiplatelet therapy had no significant effect on patency or freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR) 24 months upon index procedure for both thrombotic and embolic occlusions. Severe bleeding complications occurred more often in the long-term anticoagulation group (9.3 % vs. 5.6 % (short-term group) and 6.5 % (DAPT group), p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our observational study demonstrates that the choice of an antithrombotic regime had no impact on the long-term follow-up after endovascular treatment of acute thrombembolic limb ischemia whereas prolonged anticoagulation was associated with a nominal increase in severe bleeding complications.

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