Abstract #283 Diabetes Increases Short-Term but not Long-Term Risk of Fracture: A Community-Based Study

AbstractObjective:We investigated short- and long-term indicators of malnutrition and diet before and after the community-based ‘Breaking the Cycle of Poverty’ multidisciplinary intervention.Design:A historically and geographically controlled study using data collected in 2013 and 2016. We compared the prevalence of short-term indicators (anaemia, breast-feeding duration and minimum dietary diversity) and long-term indicators (stunting and wasting) in exposed communities at two time points. We then compared these factors in geographic areas exposed or not exposed to intervention. We conducted logistic regression analyses on the 2016 sample to measure associations between living in intervention communities and child growth indicators.Setting:Berd region, a chronic conflict zone near the north-eastern border of Armenia and Azerbaijan.Participants:Children aged 6 months to 6 years.Results:Analyses included data from 2013 comprising 382 children, and data from 2016 comprising 348 children living in communities where the programme was implemented, and 635 children from unexposed communities. Anaemia prevalence in exposed communities was significantly lower in 2016 v. 2013 (10·9 v. 19·1 %, P < 0·01). Minimum dietary diversity (79·0 v. 68·1 %, P < 0·001) and breast-feeding duration (13·0 v. 11·5 months, P < 0·002) were significantly improved in exposed communities. Prevalences of stunting (11·5 v. 10·2 %, P = 0·57) and wasting (4·8 v. 2·0 %, P = 0·07) were not significantly different. Odds of anaemia were significantly lower (OR = 0·24, 95 % CI 0·16, 0·36) in intervention communities.Conclusions:Exposure to a community-based multidisciplinary intervention reduced the rate of anaemia and improved dietary indicators.

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Social Support Systems: Contributors to the Incidence of Schizophrenia?

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1987.61.3.875 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 875-878

Author(s):

Steven Taylor ◽

Elizabeth Hinton

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Present Article ◽

Support Systems ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Short Term ◽

Community Based ◽

Long Term Consequences ◽

Reproductive Rates ◽

Social Support Systems

The present article considers the recent increase in community-based support systems for psychiatric patients. Although these systems appear to offer some short-term benefits, the long-term consequences have received little attention. Here, the case is examined for such systems actually facilitating the reproductive rates and hence general incidence of genetically transmitted disorders such as schizophrenia.

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Civil commitment for opioid misuse: do short-term benefits outweigh long-term harms?

Journal of Medical Ethics ◽

10.1136/medethics-2020-107160 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. medethics-2020-107160

Author(s):

John C Messinger ◽

Daniel J Ikeda ◽

Ameet Sarpatwari

Keyword(s):

Civil Commitment ◽

Opioid Use Disorder ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Short Term ◽

Community Based ◽

Loss Of Life ◽

Severe Withdrawal ◽

The Usa ◽

Overdose Deaths

In response to a sharp rise in opioid-involved overdose deaths in the USA, states have deployed increasingly aggressive strategies to limit the loss of life, including civil commitment—the forcible detention of individuals whose opioid use presents a clear and convincing danger to themselves or others. While civil commitment often succeeds in providing short-term protection from overdose, emerging evidence suggests that it may be associated with long-term harms, including heightened risk of severe withdrawal, relapse and opioid-involved mortality. To better assess and mitigate these harms, states should collect more robust data on long-term health outcomes, decriminalise proceedings and stays, provide access to medications for opioid use disorder and strengthen post-release coordination of community-based treatment.

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Curtailing Tobacco Use Among Youth: Evaluation of Project 4-Health

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/109019802237937 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 656-682 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Carol N. D’Onofrio ◽

Joel M. Moskowitz ◽

Marc T. Braverman

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Control ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Behavioral Intention ◽

Program Effectiveness ◽

Youth Leadership ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Community Based ◽

Youth Groups

This article reports the development and evaluation of Project 4-Health, a theory-driven, research-based program to prevent tobacco use among youth enrolled in 4-H clubs throughout California. Additional goals were to involve youth in discouraging others’tobacco use and to develop youth leadership for tobacco control. To assess program effectiveness, 72 clubs were matched and randomly assigned to the program or control condition. Of 1,853 eligible club members, 88.6% completed the pretest. Of these, 79.5% completed a posttest 4 months after conclusion of program delivery, and 77.6% completed a second posttest 2 years later. Short-term effects were found on 7 of 24 outcome measures, indicating changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intention, but not in social influence variables or behaviors. No long-term effects were observed. Discussion considers how the challenges of designing, delivering, and evaluating the intervention influenced results and implications for preventing tobacco use through community-based youth groups.

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Quality and Extent of Locum Tenens Coverage in Pediatric Surgical Practices

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481508100428 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 377-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tracy L. Nolan ◽

Jessica J. Kandel ◽

Don K. Nakayama

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Surgery ◽

Surgical Care ◽

Full Time ◽

Short Term ◽

Community Based ◽

Surgical Workforce ◽

Strongly Agree ◽

Do So

The prevalence and quality of locum tenens coverage in pediatric surgery have not been determined. An Internet-based survey of American Pediatric Surgical Association members was conducted: 1) practice description; 2) use and frequency of locum tenens coverage; 4) whether the surgeon provided such coverage; and 5) Likert scale responses (strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, strongly agree) to statements addressing its acceptability and quality (two x five contingency table and χ2 analyses, significance at P < 0.05). Three hundred sixteen of 1163 members (27.2% response rate) responded. One-fourth (24.1%) used a locum tenens regularly. Reasons were long-term inability to recruit a full-time surgeon (35.2%) and short-term vacancies (32.4%). One-fifth (20.4%) did locum tenens work; one-fourth (27.0%) plan to do so in the future. Two-thirds (64.2%) believe that surgical care in a locum tenens situation does not provide the same level of care as a full-time community-based surgeon. Most support locum tenens for short-term coverage (87.3%) and recruitment problems (72.1%), but not long-term vacancies (38.8%; P < 0.001) or permanent coverage (27.0%; P < 0.001). Locum tenens coverage is an established feature of pediatric surgery. Most view it as a stopgap solution to the surgical workforce shortage.

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Microlending: What Business Can Do To Facilitate Community-Based Growth

Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) ◽

10.19030/jabr.v26i6.324 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Mackenzie M. Festa ◽

Alan J. Wilson ◽

Presha E. Neidermeyer

Keyword(s):

Third World ◽

Foreign Assistance ◽

Business Professionals ◽

Short Term ◽

Community Based ◽

For Profit ◽

Not For Profit ◽

The Third World ◽

Made In

Billions of dollars have been expended in foreign assistance throughout the third world, with much of this aid being provided by the not-for-profit community. While frequently effective in facilitating short-term benefits, these projects often do not improve the continuing living conditions for the residents of the community.  Not-for-profits generally are in the business of short-term crisis relief; consequently, they do not have a focus on job provisions in the affected community that would increase their living standards in the long-term.  Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, are in the business of job creation, which not only provides long-term benefits for the entrepreneur, but also for the entire community.  Microlending, a term coined originally by Muhammad Yunus to describe very small loans made in third-world countries, has had an enormous impact on the lives of entrepreneurs, their families, and their communities.  Many not-for-profits may wish to employ the techniques illustrated by Yunus and other successful microlending institutions.  They may find the task overwhelming, however, without employing business professionals, whose services can be costly.  For not-for-profits who might be interested in starting such a program, this paper will describe the process of microlending, articulate methods of selecting a loan recipient, and show mechanisms for documenting a microloan.

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Long-term effectiveness of a community-based lifestyle intervention on smoking behaviors in adults: novel findings from Middle-East

10.21203/rs.3.rs-860474/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hasti Masihay-Akbar ◽

Parisa Amiri ◽

Leila Cheraghi ◽

Fereidoun Azizi

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Passive Smoking ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Community Based ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Hookah Smoking

Abstract Introductionwe investigated the long-term effects of a community-based lifestyle intervention on cigarette smoking and intensity, hookah, and passive smoking in a Middle-Eastern population.MethodsWe used data of adult participans of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), (10368 individuals). After excluding those with missings and lost-to-follow-ups, 4915 individials underwent triennial follow-ups for 15.8 years and 1322 received intervention. The smoking status (cigarette, hookah, passive and cigarette intensity) were compared between control and intervention using the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE).ResultsIntervention reduced the odds of cigarette smoking in men by 27% (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56–0.96; P = 0.03). Estimated mean cigarettes/day was 1.58 lower in men in intervention group. The intervention had short-term positive effects on mens’ hookah smoking at 2nd follow up (coefficient = -0.54, 95% CI= -0.94,-0.14; P = 0.008). The effect was not significant at long-term (P > 0.05). women in intervention group were 38% less likely to smoke cigarette or hookah (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.42–0.91; P = 0.016) and had 33% lower odds of secondhand-smoke exposure (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54–0.84; P = 0.001).ConclusionsA community-based lifestyle intervention have long-term effects in reducing cigarette smoking and intensity in men, along with tobacco and passive smoking in women. It could affect mens’ hookah smoking only in short-term.

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“Collaboration Toward One Collective Goal”: A Mixed-Methods Study of Short-Term Learning Outcomes and Long-Term Impacts Among Students Participating in an Undergraduate Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Course

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.694840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Seblewongel Yigletu ◽

Karen C. Kosinski ◽

Alison Kuah ◽

Kenia Alfaro ◽

Ashley C. Holmes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Participatory Research ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Community Based Participatory Research ◽

Short Term ◽

Community Based ◽

Research Skills

Background: Research shows positive learning outcomes for students participating in service learning. However, the impacts of undergraduate student participation in Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) courses are minimally studied.Methods: We used a triangulation mixed-methods design approach to analyze short- and long-term (1–5 years post-course) data collected from 59 undergraduate students across 5 cohorts of a CBPR course (2014–19). Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data and descriptive statistics and frequencies were generated to analyze the quantitative data.Results: We developed five key themes based on short-term qualitative data: integration of CBPR and traditional research skills; importance of community engagement in research; identity; accountability; and collaboration. Themes from qualitative course evaluations aligned with these findings. Long-term qualitative data revealed that former students gained research knowledge, research skills, and professional skills and then applied these in other settings. This aligns with quantitative findings, where >79% of respondents reported that course participation “extensively” improved their research skills. Post-course, students still reflected on the importance of community engagement in research and reported a substantially enhanced likelihood of civic engagement.Discussion/Conclusions: Students gained critical knowledge and skills that positively impact their ability to engage in community-based work well after the end of course participation. Some students reported considering research-oriented careers and graduate programs for the first time after course participation. Collaborative learning experiences with community partners and members encouraged students to reflect on research designs that center community voices. We stress here that community partnerships require extensive cultivation, but they can create opportunities to translate findings directly back to communities and provide numerous benefits to undergraduate students. We hope that our findings provide the information needed to consider pilot testing practice-based CBPR courses in a variety of public health training contexts.

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It’s a sprint, not a marathon: a case for building short-term partnerships for community-based participatory research

Qualitative Research ◽

10.1177/14687941211029477 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146879412110294

Author(s):

Lucero Radonic ◽

Cara Jacob ◽

Rowenn Kalman ◽

E. Yvonne Lewis

Keyword(s):

Participatory Research ◽

Rapid Assessment ◽

Community Based Participatory Research ◽

Ways Of Knowing ◽

Short Term ◽

Community Based ◽

Academic Researchers ◽

Time Frames ◽

Is Value

Academic calendars and university timelines set an urgent pace for researchers, which can hinder the establishment of long-term community partnerships. Given community-based participatory research’s (CBPR) emphasis on community-led research, time constraints can inhibit academic researchers’ commitments to collaborative methodologies and participatory research. This article considers how CBPR can be adapted for shorter-term engagements while still producing mutually beneficial research. In doing so, we contribute to the existing corpus on rapid assessment methodologies, characterized for adopting methods traditionally practiced over a longer duration to shorter time frames. We review the successes and limitations of a CBPR project executed within the timespan of six months in Flint, Michigan. In the case discussed, photo-voice enabled the inclusion of diverse ways of knowing, horizontal partnerships, reciprocal learning, and an accessible disemmination format within a CBPR framework. In conclusion we assert that there is value in short-term CBPR, especially for emergent issues where there is a need for rapid, responsive methodologies. However, short-term CBPR is a sprint, rather than a marathon; although shorter in duration, it is more intensive. It requires significant methodological commitments, flexibility, and an intensified workload for those involved.

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“Stay or Leave”

Emerging Adulthood ◽

10.1177/2167696817699750 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 241-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ann Lantagne ◽

Wyndol Furman ◽

Jamie Novak

Keyword(s):

Life Stress ◽

Romantic Relationship ◽

Externalizing Symptoms ◽

Relationship Dissolution ◽

Short Term ◽

Community Based ◽

Individual Level ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

The Relationship

Traditionally, studies of romantic relationship dissolution in emerging adulthood have only examined predictors of relationship dissolution within the next few months to a year. The present study explored contextual-, relationship-, and individual-level predictors of breakups over a total of 6 years, both in the short-term (1 year after data collection) and in the long-term (an additional 5 years). Data were collected from a community-based sample (100 males, 100 females, ages 18–24). With regard, to dissolution in the short-term, lower levels of relationship support and romantic appeal predicted that the relationship dissolved sooner. For relationships that had not dissolved within the next year, these same predictors, as well as life stress, negative interactions, externalizing symptoms, substance use, and age, predicted time to dissolution over the following 5 years. Findings highlight the importance of simultaneously examining contextual, relationship, and individual levels of short- and long-term predictors to better understand relationship dissolution.

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