Distribution of primary forest plant species in a 19-year old secondary forest in French Guiana

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. TORIOLA ◽  
P. CHAREYRE ◽  
A. BUTTLER
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Height Class

Secondary succession in a 19-y old tropical rainforest of French Guiana was investigated through the distribution pattern of primary forest species. The experimental plot of 25 ha was logged to simulate conditions of a paper pulp cut. Enumeration of all plants of height ≥ 50 cm in 52 subplots 10 m × 10 m indicated the number of species and individuals in five species categories; short-lived pioneer species, pioneer species that persist in mature forest, primary forest species capable of germinating in shade, primary forest species that indicate a preference for clearings (small gaps) in mature forest and understorey primary forest species. Change in proportion of the most abundant species (≥ 1 cm dbh) over the last 15 y indicated a decrease in short-lived pioneer species and an increase in pioneers that can persist in the mature forest. Proportion of species categories per height class indicated that primary forest species were mainly found in the lower height class in this forest which is largely dominated by secondary forest tree species forming a canopy that rarely exceeds 20 m. Individuals of primary forest species were encountered on ARBOCEL as sprouts from large stumps, sprouts from juveniles or as untraumatised saplings or juveniles. The distribution pattern in a 4-ha area of 11 selected primary forest canopy tree species revealed an overall trend in recolonisation of this species category in the secondary forest. Considered individually, the clustered distribution of stems of Eperua grandiflora showed the importance of regeneration through sprouting or remaining individuals. The gradient distribution, oriented from the edge to the centre of the studied plot, and displayed by the stem densities of Virola michelii, suggested a recent progressive dispersal of seeds. A more dynamic recolonisation front was observed for the primary forest understorey species Cassipourea guianensis and was probably linked to both the initial logging conditions and the fact that this species fruits when relatively young.

Fruiting of a 19-year old secondary forest in French Guiana

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIELA TORIOLA
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Forest Tree Species ◽  
Pioneer Plants

Although two studies (Loubry 1994, Sabatier 1985) have been conducted on the phenology of primary forest tree species in French Guiana, there exists little synthetic information on the phenology of a forest dominated by pioneer species. Charles-Dominique (1986) conducted zoological observations at ARBOCEL between 1981 and 1985, where he indicated the fruiting periods of certain species. However, stands of early pioneer plants such as Solanum spp. and Cecropia obtusa Trécul 9Cecropiaceae) have reduced in number or have completely disappeared from the study area since then (Larpin 1989, Toriola et al. 1998).

scholarly journals Towards Conservation of Genetic Variation of Tropical Tree Species With Differing Successional Status: The Case of Mansonia altissima A. Chev and Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 194008291986426
Author(s):  
Akin Akinnagbe ◽  
Oliver Gailing ◽  
Reiner Finkeldey ◽  
Amadu Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Successional Status

Two important West African timber tree species with differing successional status, Mansonia altissima A. Chev and Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum were investigated in this study. Triplochiton scleroxylon is a pioneer species found in open forests, whereas Mansonia altissima is a nonpioneer light-demanding tree species occurring in closed forests. Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were used to compare the genetic diversities of these two timber species in stands with different degrees of human impact (isolated forest patch, logged forest, farmland, plantation, and primary forest). Contrasting effects of human impact on genetic diversity were detected for these two timber species. The results suggested severe effects of human impact on the genetic diversity of Mansonia altissima, a nonpioneer species. However, no adverse effect was recorded in Triplochiton scleroxylon, a pioneer species. These findings indicate that nonpioneer tree species could be more prone to genetic erosion than pioneer tree species as a result of adverse human impacts. Therefore, conservation of genetic diversity in both pioneer and nonpioneer tree species populations would likely necessitate different measures.

Effects of tree species heterogeneity on leaf fall in primary and logged dipterocarp forest in the Ulu Segama Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. A. Burghouts ◽  
E. J. F. Campbell ◽  
P. J. Kolderman
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Canopy Trees ◽  
Logged Forest

ABSTRACTEffects of tree species heterogeneity on leaf fall were studied in a primary (4 ha) and in a selectively logged forest plot (2.5 ha) in the Ulu Segama Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia, from April 1988 to December 1989. Leaf fall was collected at 30 sampling points in each plot, and identified to species.Dipterocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Fagaceae and Meliaceae are important tree families in both plots with regard to their contribution to total basal area, tree density and annual leaf fall. The total number of tree species was higher in the primary forest plot (267) than in the logged forest plot (218), although the number of climber species was higher in the logged forest (44) than in the primary forest plot (33). The overlap in species composition between the two forest plots was relatively small (49%) compared with that in family composition (88%).In the primary forest plot, the Dipterocarpaceae contributed 29% of the total basal area and 34% of the annual leaf fall. In the logged forest plot these contributions were much lower, 11% and 15%. The contribution to annual leaf fall made by climbers and pioneer trees was higher in the logged forest plot (34%) than in the primary forest plot (8%).In the primary forest plot, leaf fall was dominated My large emergent and main canopy trees, mainly dipterocarps, and occurred as regular large peaks. In the logged forest leaf fall was dominated by climbers and many, relatively small trees of pioneer species, such as Macaranga hypoleuca, and was more evenly distributed in time.

scholarly journals ASPECTOS FLORÍSTICOS DE TRÊS ESTÁGIOS SUCESSIONAIS DE MATA CILIAR EM ARROIO DO PADRE, EXTREMO SUL DA MATA ATLÂNTICA

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Tiago Schuch Venzke ◽  
Sebastião Venâncio Martins
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Regeneration Time ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
South Of Brazil

 O objetivo foi caracterizar a composição e as relações florísticas de estágios sucessionais de uma mata ciliar em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no Município de Arroio do Padre, extremo sul do Brasil. A área amostral foi 1,2 ha, dividida em 0,2 ha para capoeira (5 anos de regeneração), 0,5 ha para floresta secundária (45 anos de regeneração) e 0,5 ha de floresta madura. Em parcelas de 10 x 10 m, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos com DAP ≥5 cm. A riqueza nos três estágios sucessionais revelou 72 espécies, distribuídas em 52 gêneros e 33 famílias. A capoeira apresentou menor número de táxons, enquanto na fase madura ocorreram maior quantidade (49) e riqueza de espécies exclusivas (20). A composição florística foi influenciada pelo estágio sucessional, e a classificação das parcelas pela análise de similaridade formou agrupamentos conforme a idade da regeneração. Isso reflete a adaptação da comunidade às condições ambientais proporcionadas pelo avanço da sucessão ecológica. Assim, recomenda-se que as estratégias de restauração florestal considerem as espécies adaptadas ao estágio sucessional, a fim de maximizar os projetos de reflorestamento e restauração ecológica.Palavras-chave: Pelotas; Floresta Estacional Semidecidual; sucessão florestal; ecologia florestal. AbstractFloristic composition of three successional stages of a riparian forest in the municipality of Arroio do Padre, very south of Brazil. This research aims to characterize composition and floristic relations of three successional stages of a Riparian Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest, in the municipality of Arroio do Padre, South of Brazil. The sample area was divided into 0.2 ha for ‘capoeira’ (five years of regeneration), 0.5 ha for secondary forest (45 years for regeneration), and 0.5 ha for mature forest (primary forest). Richness in the three succession stages included 72 species distributed into 52 genera and 33 families. ‘Capoeira’ presented lower quantity of taxa, whereas in the mature forest occurred greater number of species (49) and exclusive species (20). The floristic composition was influenced by successional stage and classification of plots by the similarity analysis clusters formed as the regeneration time. Differences in floristic composition reflect community adaptation to the conditions provided along succession. These variations reveal that the age of the succession reflects in forest floristic, and strategies for forest restoration should consider species adapted to successional stages in order to maximize native forests reforestation projects.Keywords: Municipality of Pelotas; Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest; forest ecology.

Secondary forest succession in a tropical dry forest: patterns of development across a 50-year chronosequence in lowland Bolivia

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBORAH K. KENNARD
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Mature Forest

Stand structure, species richness and population structures of tree species were characterized in 12 stands representing 50 y of succession following slash-and-burn agriculture in a tropical dry forest in lowland Bolivia. Estimates of tree species richness, canopy cover and basal area reached or surpassed 75% of mature forest levels in the 5-, 8-, and 23-y-old stands respectively. Total stem density of the 50-y-old stand was almost twice that of the mature forest stand. This rapid recovery may be due to a high percentage of sprouting tree species, potentially high seed fall into abandoned fields, or the disturbance history of the mature stand. The even-aged size-class structures, dominance of long-lived pioneers, and presence of charcoal and pottery shards in soils of the mature forest stand suggest it formed after a severe disturbance, possibly fire of anthropogenic origin.

scholarly journals Insect herbivores increase mortality and reduce tree seedling growth of some species in temperate forest canopy gaps

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Lemoine ◽  
Deron E. Burkepile ◽  
John D. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Forest Diversity

Insect herbivores help maintain forest diversity through selective predation on seedlings of vulnerable tree species. Although the role of natural enemies has been well-studied in tropical systems, relatively few studies have experimentally manipulated insect abundance in temperate forests and tracked impacts over multiple years. We conducted a three-year experiment (2012–2014) deterring insect herbivores from seedlings in new treefall gaps in deciduous hardwood forests in Maryland. During this study, we tracked recruitment of all tree seedlings, as well as survivorship and growth of 889 individual seedlings from five tree species:Acer rubrum,Fagus grandifolia,Fraxinusspp.,Liriodendron tulipifera, andLiquidambar styraciflua. Insect herbivores had little effect on recruitment of any tree species, although there was a weak indication that recruitment ofA. rubrumwas higher in the presence of herbivores. Insect herbivores reduced survivorship ofL. tulipifera, but had no significant effects onA. rubrum,Fraxinusspp.,F. grandifolia, orL. styraciflua. Additionally, insects reduced growth rates of early pioneer speciesA. rubrum,L. tulipifera, andL. styraciflua, but had little effect on more shade-tolerant speciesF. grandifoliaandFraxinusspp. Overall, by negatively impacting growth and survivorship of early pioneer species, forest insects may play an important but relatively cryptic role in forest gap dynamics, with potentially interesting impacts on the overall maintenance of diversity.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the survival of tree seedlings following shifting cultivation in the Eastern Himalaya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Teegalapalli ◽  
Rohan Arthur ◽  
Suhel Quader ◽  
Aparajita Datta
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Successional Species

AbstractThe seedling stage is considered an important bottleneck determining forest community composition during succession. Seedling growth and survival are known to be affected by factors such as light availability, herbivory and competition with existing vegetation. A shifting cultivation landscape with a cycle of clearing and regeneration provides an experimental setup to understand secondary succession.We introduced tree seedlings of three species with differing life history strategies in an uncut forest and in sites formed 2, 6, 12, 25, 50 and 100 years following shifting cultivation in a subtropical landscape in the Eastern Himalaya. Seedlings of a pioneer species Saurauia nepalensis, a mid-successional species Terminalia myriocarpa and a mature forest species Castanopsis indica were introduced in plots with a control and three treatments: shading (light manipulated), clearing of vegetation (reduced competition), and exclosures (mammal herbivory excluded) and monitored for 18, 22 and 23 months, respectively.Saurauia survived relatively well in all sites, Terminalia seedlings survived relatively well in the 12 and 25 year sites, and Castanopsis seedlings survived well in the 100 year site and the uncut forest. In the early successional site, survival of Saurauia was higher within exclosures indicating negative effects of herbivory. In the same site, clearing vegetation improved the survival of Terminalia, implying competition with existing vegetation. Castanopsis had the highest survival in uncut forest and survival was almost nil in the early successional site.Synthesis: Seedling survival in a successional landscape depended on species-as well as site-specific factors. The existing vegetation in an early successional site had a negative effect on the survival of the mid-successional species, while herbivory had a negative effect on the pioneer species. Survival of the mature forest species in the early successional site was negligible but was high in old successional and uncut forest sites, indicating that mature forest species can colonize sites and survive only after certain physical and biotic aspects of the environment have been met. Our experiments were useful to examine factors that affect survival of tree species with differing life history strategies in a shifting cultivation landscape.

scholarly journals Implementation of tree species strategy during progressive successions

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
S.G. Glushko ◽  
◽  
I.R. Galiullin ◽  
N.B. Prokhorenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Forest ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Primary Forests ◽  
Biotic Environment

On the example of regeneration succession in forests, the features of silvicultural properties of the main forest-forming species growing in oak forests of the Middle Volga region are considered. The conclusion is made about the predominance of pioneer-serial forest communities formed by pioneer species in the study area. The pioneer species, which differ significantly in their silvicultural properties from the so-called «primary forest species», are predominant in modern forests. It is shown that at the later stages of reforestation successions, pioneer-serial forest communities are of great importance, the productivity of which becomes stable. The incomplete nature of progressive successions in the surveyed forests was revealed. To restore primary forests, a set of additional measures is required to facilitate the forests reconstruction and the entire forest fund of the region. The mass destruction of forests influences the processes of forest growing conditions and it is determined as a topical issue for further study. The connection between changes in the main forest species and forest communities and changes in forest growing conditions has been established. It is indicated that deforestation massively destroys the biotic environment and alters environmental processes, being the reason for silvicultural properties change in forest plants and their communities. The development of silvicultural properties is adaptive, in this regard, deforestation, with massive destruction of the biotic environment and a corresponding change in environmental processes, contributes to the devlopment of properties inherent in pioneer-serial forest communities. With the degradation of primary forests, a change in the main forest species and forest communities that make up modern forests is noted. Many silvicultural properties inherent in primary forests are not developed in modern conditions. Instead of primary forests, secondary forests are spread, derivative, with other silvicultural properties and their mdevelopment in the form of a complex characteristic of behavior or life strategy. The properties manifested by forest communities and individual species need to be generalized for further research. We have proposed to combine all the properties of forests into the concept of information potential. The information potential of forests can be used to study the features of the silvicultural properties in a changing natural environment.

LAJU FOTOSINTESIS JENIS-JENIS POHON PIONIR HUTAN SEKUNDER DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG HALIMUN-SALAK JAWA BARAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Pioneer Tree Species ◽  
Pioneer Tree ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis

Tree growth is closely related to the process of photosynthesis. So far the rate of photosynthesis in elements of secondary forests has not been known, especially in pioneer species. At the same height of the place and micro-climate conditions, the rate of photosynthesis of pioneer species of secondary forest has a different rate of photosynthesis. This study aims to determine the ability of the rate of photosynthesis of some secondary forest pioneer tree species in order to support reforestation efforts on degraded forests and at the same time looking for the kinds of pioneers who have a high absorption of CO2 gas in an effort to reduce global warming caused by emissions CO2 gas in the air. The survey results noted there are 6 common pioneer tree species grow at the sites. Trema orientalis had the highest CO2 assimilation value which is equal to 20,350 μmol m-2s-1, followed by the Macaranga triloba (17,198 μmol m-2s-1), Omalanthus populneus (14,097 μmol m-2s-1), Mallotus paniculatus (13,118 μmol m-2s-1), Macaranga tanarius (12,862 μmol m-2s-1) and Weinmannia blumei (10,058 μmol m-2s-1). Research conducted during the rainy season (September 2010). During measurement, the light radiation in the upper leaf surface between 63,583 to 363,750 μmol m-2s-1, air temperature 21,8 to 26,70C, air humidity 75,8-89,8%, light intensity 2483,3 to 28701,7 Lux, soil pH 5,8 to 6,3 and soil moisture between 50,7 to 71,7%.

scholarly journals Plant Attributes that Drive Dispersal and Establishment Limitation in Tropical Agricultural Landscapes

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinés Peña-Domene ◽  
Cristina Martínez-Garza ◽  
Luz Ayestarán-Hernández ◽  
Henry Howe
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Sampling Station ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
Seed Fall ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Tropics

Factors that influence tropical-forest regeneration have been of interest across the tropics. We tested the degree of dispersal and establishment limitation of pioneer and non-pioneer tree species with different dispersal modes and seed sizes, using data on both seed fall and seedling establishment in primary forest, secondary forest, and pasture excluded from livestock. The study took place in a lowland tropical rain forest in southeastern Mexico. To calculate dispersal and establishment limitation, we used a density-weighted index that considers: (1) whether a seed or seedling of a given species has arrived in the sample area; and (2) the fraction of seeds or seedlings contributed by a given species relative to the total number of seeds or seedlings arriving at a sampling station. Dispersal limitation of non-pioneer species and animal-dispersed species decreased with succession. The secondary forest had less dispersal limitation for wind-dispersed pioneers than pasture, resulting in a dense aggregation of species with seeds dispersed by wind. Overall, establishment limitation differed between animal-dispersed and wind-dispersed species in the primary forest, and was negatively correlated with seed size. The low capacity of most species to arrive, germinate, and establish as seedlings in pastures slows succession back to forest. To overcome barriers to natural succession in pastures, transplanting seedlings of non-pioneer species is suggested because most of them show high dispersal and establishment limitation.

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