ASPECTOS FLORÍSTICOS DE TRÊS ESTÁGIOS SUCESSIONAIS DE MATA CILIAR EM ARROIO DO PADRE, EXTREMO SUL DA MATA ATLÂNTICA

O objetivo foi caracterizar a composição e as relações florísticas de estágios sucessionais de uma mata ciliar em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no Município de Arroio do Padre, extremo sul do Brasil. A área amostral foi 1,2 ha, dividida em 0,2 ha para capoeira (5 anos de regeneração), 0,5 ha para floresta secundária (45 anos de regeneração) e 0,5 ha de floresta madura. Em parcelas de 10 x 10 m, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos com DAP ≥5 cm. A riqueza nos três estágios sucessionais revelou 72 espécies, distribuídas em 52 gêneros e 33 famílias. A capoeira apresentou menor número de táxons, enquanto na fase madura ocorreram maior quantidade (49) e riqueza de espécies exclusivas (20). A composição florística foi influenciada pelo estágio sucessional, e a classificação das parcelas pela análise de similaridade formou agrupamentos conforme a idade da regeneração. Isso reflete a adaptação da comunidade às condições ambientais proporcionadas pelo avanço da sucessão ecológica. Assim, recomenda-se que as estratégias de restauração florestal considerem as espécies adaptadas ao estágio sucessional, a fim de maximizar os projetos de reflorestamento e restauração ecológica.Palavras-chave: Pelotas; Floresta Estacional Semidecidual; sucessão florestal; ecologia florestal. AbstractFloristic composition of three successional stages of a riparian forest in the municipality of Arroio do Padre, very south of Brazil. This research aims to characterize composition and floristic relations of three successional stages of a Riparian Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest, in the municipality of Arroio do Padre, South of Brazil. The sample area was divided into 0.2 ha for ‘capoeira’ (five years of regeneration), 0.5 ha for secondary forest (45 years for regeneration), and 0.5 ha for mature forest (primary forest). Richness in the three succession stages included 72 species distributed into 52 genera and 33 families. ‘Capoeira’ presented lower quantity of taxa, whereas in the mature forest occurred greater number of species (49) and exclusive species (20). The floristic composition was influenced by successional stage and classification of plots by the similarity analysis clusters formed as the regeneration time. Differences in floristic composition reflect community adaptation to the conditions provided along succession. These variations reveal that the age of the succession reflects in forest floristic, and strategies for forest restoration should consider species adapted to successional stages in order to maximize native forests reforestation projects.Keywords: Municipality of Pelotas; Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest; forest ecology.

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Comparison of soil respiration among three temperate forests in Changbai Mountains, China

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x10-010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 788-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Xu Wang ◽

Yanling Jiang ◽

Bingrui Jia ◽

Fengyu Wang ◽

Guangsheng Zhou

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Temperature Response ◽

Stand Age ◽

Changbai Mountains ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Plantation Forest ◽

Successional Stage ◽

Coniferous Plantation

CO2 efflux from forest soils is an important process in the global carbon cycle; however, effects of stand age and successional status remain uncertain. We compared soil respiration and its relationship to soil carbon content, forest floor mass, root biomass, soil temperature, and soil moisture content among three temperate forest ecosystems in Changbai Mountains, northeastern China, from 2003 to 2005. Forest types included an old-growth, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved primary forest (MN), a middle-aged, broad-leaved secondary forest (BL), and a young coniferous plantation forest (CP). Average annual soil CO2 efflux at BL (1477.9 ± 61.8 g C·m–2·year–1) was significantly higher than at CP (830.7 ± 48.7 g C·m–2·year–1) and MN (935.4 ± 53.3 g C·m–2·year–1). Differences in soil temperature among those sites were not statistically significant but contributed to the differences in annual CO2 efflux. In addition, the temperature response of soil CO2 efflux was higher at MN (Q10 = 2.78) than that at BL (Q10 = 2.17) and CP (Q10 = 2.02). Our results suggest that successional stage affects soil respiration by the differences in substrate quantity and quality, environmental conditions, and root respiration.

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The effect of forest successional stage on seed removal of tropical rain forest tree species

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467402002171 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 261-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Marielos Peña-Claros ◽

Henneleen De Boo

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Secondary Forests ◽

Seed Removal ◽

Successional Stage ◽

Successional Stages ◽

Agricultural Areas ◽

Number Of Seeds

Seed removal was evaluated at the macro- and micro-habitat level in areas differing in successional stage in the Bolivian Amazon. The successional stages consisted of secondary forests of 2, 10 and 20 years old and primary forest. Seeds of nine tree species were artificially dispersed and the number of seeds removed was evaluated over 7 weeks. Several stand characteristics were measured at the sites where seeds were dispersed. Seed removal at the end of the experiment varied from 50 to 100% depending on the species, and from 74 to 90% depending on successional stage. In general, the removal rate decreased with an increase in age of successional stage. The seed removal rate was related to liana density and not to litter thickness. Different microhabitat characteristics explained the seed removal rate of four species but microhabitat characteristics did not explain the decrease in seed removal rate with an increase in forest age. The results support the idea that post-dispersal seed removal reduces the number of seeds available for germination, consequently playing an important role in the regeneration of abandoned agricultural areas.

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REGENERAÇÃO NATURAL DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL EM DIFERENTES ESTÁGIOS SUCESSIONAIS (ZONA DA MATA, MG, BRASIL)

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v44i1.30736 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 111 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sustanis Horn Kunz ◽

Sebastião Venâncio Martins

Keyword(s):

Natural Regeneration ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Importance Value ◽

Successional Stage ◽

Semideciduous Forest ◽

Regeneration Stage ◽

Successional Stages ◽

Seasonal Semideciduous Forest

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estrutura e a composição florística da regeneração natural de trechos de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual em diferentes estágios sucessionais. Para a estrutura fitossociológica, foram demarcadas sistematicamente 10 parcelas de 5 x 10 m em trecho de floresta em estágio médio de regeneração (FEM), floresta em estágio avançado de regeneração (FEA) e pastagem abandonada (PAS), sendo amostrados os indivíduos com altura ≥ 50 cme diâmetro à altura do solo ≤ 5 cm. Foi realizada análise de correspondência retificada e análise de espécies indicadoras de cada trecho. Na estrutura da regeneração natural da FEM e da pastagem, houve destaque de apenas uma espécie (Psychotria sessilis e Vernonia polyanthes, respectivamente) quanto ao Valor de Importância (VI), devido principalmente à alta densidade. Já na FEA não foi observada forte dominância por uma espécie. As três áreas apresentaram-se distintas quanto à abundância e composição de espécies, sugerindo que a matriz florestal é composta por um mosaico sucessional. Além disso, cada trecho ainda mantém espécies indicadoras características, de acordo com o estágio sucessional em que se encontram, razão pela qual ações de manejo e enriquecimento poderiam ser adotadas para acelerar o processo de sucessão.Palavras-chave: Composição florística; conservação; estrutura; sucessão secundária. AbstractNatural regeneration of seasonal semideciduous forest in different successional stages (Zona da Mata, MG, Brazil). The objective of this study was to evaluate the floristic structure and composition of the natural regeneration of stretches from Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in different successional stages. Ten plots, 5 x 10 meters in size, were systematically delimited for phytosociological structure in patches of forest which were in intermediate regeneration stage (FEM), advanced regeneration stage (FEA) and abandoned pasture (PAS).We sampled the individuals with ≥ 50 cm in height and diameter at ground height ≤ 5 cm. We performed Detrended Correspondence Analysis and analysis of indicative species of each forest section. In the natural regeneration structure of FEM and pasture it was featured only one species (Psychotria sessilis and Vernonia polyanthes, respectively) in the Importance Value (IV), mainly due to high density. In relation to the FEA there was no strong dominance by one species. The three sections showed distinct species abundance and composition, which suggests that the forest matrix comprises a successional mosaic. Furthermore, each stretch still maintains indicative characteristic species, according to the successional stage they are in. Because of this, management and enrichment actions could be performed to accelerate the succession process.Keywords: Floristic composition; conservation; structure; secondary succession.

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Distribution of primary forest plant species in a 19-year old secondary forest in French Guiana

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s026646749800025x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 323-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

D. TORIOLA ◽

P. CHAREYRE ◽

A. BUTTLER

Keyword(s):

Distribution Pattern ◽

Tree Species ◽

French Guiana ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Pioneer Species ◽

Forest Species ◽

Mature Forest ◽

Height Class

Secondary succession in a 19-y old tropical rainforest of French Guiana was investigated through the distribution pattern of primary forest species. The experimental plot of 25 ha was logged to simulate conditions of a paper pulp cut. Enumeration of all plants of height ≥ 50 cm in 52 subplots 10 m × 10 m indicated the number of species and individuals in five species categories; short-lived pioneer species, pioneer species that persist in mature forest, primary forest species capable of germinating in shade, primary forest species that indicate a preference for clearings (small gaps) in mature forest and understorey primary forest species. Change in proportion of the most abundant species (≥ 1 cm dbh) over the last 15 y indicated a decrease in short-lived pioneer species and an increase in pioneers that can persist in the mature forest. Proportion of species categories per height class indicated that primary forest species were mainly found in the lower height class in this forest which is largely dominated by secondary forest tree species forming a canopy that rarely exceeds 20 m. Individuals of primary forest species were encountered on ARBOCEL as sprouts from large stumps, sprouts from juveniles or as untraumatised saplings or juveniles. The distribution pattern in a 4-ha area of 11 selected primary forest canopy tree species revealed an overall trend in recolonisation of this species category in the secondary forest. Considered individually, the clustered distribution of stems of Eperua grandiflora showed the importance of regeneration through sprouting or remaining individuals. The gradient distribution, oriented from the edge to the centre of the studied plot, and displayed by the stem densities of Virola michelii, suggested a recent progressive dispersal of seeds. A more dynamic recolonisation front was observed for the primary forest understorey species Cassipourea guianensis and was probably linked to both the initial logging conditions and the fact that this species fruits when relatively young.

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IMPACT OF Bambusa tuldoides MUNRO (POACEAE) ON FOREST REGENERATION

CERNE ◽

10.1590/01047760201723022297 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 275-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roselene Marostega Felker ◽

Ana Paula Moreira Rovedder ◽

Solon Jonas Longhi ◽

Elias Frank Araujo ◽

Maureen De Moraes Stefanello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Regeneration ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Floristic Similarity ◽

Key Species ◽

High Dominance ◽

And Cluster Analysis ◽

South Of Brazil ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Bamboo grove may cause changes in the structure and floristic composition of natural regeneration. This study evaluated the impact caused by Bambusa tuldoides Munro at natural regeneration, in riparian forest in Rio Grande do Sul, south of Brazil. Two areas were evaluated: riparian forest without bamboos (SB) as the reference area, and riparian forest dominated by Bambusa tuldoides (CB). In 2014, ten plots (10x10 m) were installed in each area. All individuals belonging to classes I (30≤ H <130 cm) and II (CBH≤5 cm) were measured and identified. Floristic composition, phytosociological indexes, Shannon diversity index, Margalef richness, Simpson dominance, Sorensen similarity, and cluster analysis by Twinspan were evaluated. Richness and absolute density decreased in CB compared to SB. The areas presented low floristic similarity, and high dominance of one or more species in both classes. Myrtaceae was the predominant botanic family in SB, especially Campomanesia xanthocarpa. In CB most species were secondary, as Myrsine umbellata, Cupania vernalis, and Ocotea puberula. Due to the large differences between SB and CB, the groups formed were restricted mostly to the species of each area. Species such as Myrsine umbellata (class I and II) and Strichnos brasiliensis (class II) appear as indicators and former of groups in CB. We concluded that high density of Bambusa tuldoides affect the richness and diversity of regeneration natural, changing the establishment and perpetuation of the species. Secondary species show greater potential for adaptation to these environments and can act as key species in management and recovery actions.

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Proximity shapes similarity in epiphytic composition of Neotropical ant gardens

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467416000298 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 325-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lucas N. Paolucci ◽

Ricardo R.C. Solar ◽

Laura C. Leal

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Light Availability ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Plant Succession ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Seed Selection ◽

Successional Stage ◽

Nest Height ◽

Camponotus Femoratus ◽

Ant Gardens

Abstract:Ant gardens (AGs) are specialized ant-plant associations where arboreal ants build their carton nests in association with epiphytes that use the carton as a substrate. Most of the epiphytes are planted by ants; therefore, seed selection by ants is a key driver of the epiphyte composition of AGs. However, deterministic post-dispersal factors, such as the surrounding environmental conditions and plant succession, may also influence epiphyte composition. Here we ask whether epiphyte composition on a local scale is associated with dispersal constraints, local environmental conditions (light availability, number of branches and nest height) or AG successional stage. We sampled all epiphyte species in 18 AGs formed by Camponotus femoratus and Crematogaster levior in Central Amazon, Brazil. AGs were located within a range of 1 km and at a maximum of 20 m from the edges of a dirt road within a primary forest. Epiphytic composition showed strong spatial structure, decreasing in similarity with increasing distance. Environmental conditions and AG successional stage were not related to AG floristic composition, suggesting a key role of stochastic processes related to seed dispersal. A combination of seed abundance and attractiveness in neighbouring AGs seems to drive the higher similarity in epiphyte composition among closer AGs.

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Sensitivity of understorey bird species in two different successional stages of the lowland Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652011005000022 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 973-980 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alan Loures-Ribeiro ◽

Marco A. Manhães ◽

Manoel M. Dias

Keyword(s):

Forest Fragmentation ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Bird Species ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Habitat Modification ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Species Sensitivity ◽

Sensitivity Level ◽

Successional Stages

The Atlantic Forest has a high destruction rate and there is little information available on some aspects of the neotropical bird biology. Changes in environment are important factors that affect the resources available to birds. We compared the species sensitivity level of understorey birds in two areas in distinct successional stages (primary and secondary sections). Two 100 ha plots of lowland Atlantic Forest were analysed between August and December 2006. Among 25 bird species recorded, thirteen had lower abundance in secondary forest, two in primary forest, and ten had not clear tendency. According to the criteria used, the percentages for species with low, and medium and high sensitivity to habitat change were 44% and 56%, respectively. The number of species was not associated with the endemism level or foraging strata. Results show the importance of knowing bird species' sensitivity level with regard to habitat modification, and not only forest fragmentation.

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COMPOSIÇÃO FLORÍSTICA, DIVERSIDADE E ESTRUTURA DA VEGETAÇÃO ARBÓREO-ARBUSTIVA DE CAATINGA SOB SISTEMAS SILVICULTURAIS

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i5.5971 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 506

Author(s):

Marcelo Silva de Lucena ◽

Allyson Rocha Alves ◽

Ivonete Alves Bakke

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Annual Increment ◽

Regeneration Time ◽

Complete Restoration ◽

Absolute Dominance

O presente artigo visou investigar a composição florística, diversidade e parâmetros estruturais proporcionados por quatro sistemas silviculturais à vegetação arbóreo-arbustiva de Caatinga em dois locais contíguos. Um deles está localizado na Estação Ecológica do Seridó (EES); o outro na Fazenda Pedro Cândido (FPC); os dois situados em Serra Negra do Norte-RN. Os sistemas silviculturais foram: corte raso; corte seletivo (diâmetro na base – DNB > 8 cm); corte raso com queima dos resíduos da colheita; corte raso com queima dos resíduos da colheita e destoca do caule. Mediu-se em cada área 16 parcelas, com inclusão de indivíduos com CAP>6 cm. Determinou-se: composição florística, riqueza de espécies, diversidade, densidade de fustes, dominância absoluta, IP e IMA (1989-2016). Comparou-se a diversidade (J’) pelo teste de Tukey (P < 0,05). A riqueza de espécies apresentou condições semelhantes às da época da instalação do experimento. A grande abundância de algumas espécies contribuiu para a redução da diversidade medida pelo Índice de Shannon-Weaver, em relação a 1989. Os incrementos proporcionados pelos sistemas silviculturais variaram conforme a área, com tendência de redução do ritmo de crescimento em ambas. O tempo de regeneração (27 anos) não foi suficiente para a restauração integral da dominância absoluta.Palavras-chave: estrutura florestal, restauração florestal, regeneração natural, semiárido. FLORISTIC COMPOSITION, DIVERSITY AND STRUCTURE OF SHRUB-ARBOREAL VEGETATION OF CAATINGA UNDER SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS ABSTRACT:This work aimed to investigate the floristic composition, the diversity and structural parameters provided by four silvicultural systems to arboreal-shrub vegetation in two areas Caatinga. The first area is in the Seridó Ecological Station (SES) and the second is on Pedro Cândido Farm (PCF), in the county of Serra Negra do Norte-RN. The silvicultural systems used were: general cut; selective cut of individuals with base circumference > 8 cm; general cut of all individuals and subsequent burning of crop residues; general cut with subsequent burning of crop residues and removal of stem from soil. It was determined: floristic composition, species richness, diversity, density of stems, absolute dominance, periodic increase and average annual increment (1989-2016). The diversity (J ') was compared by Tukey's test (P < 0,05). The species richness presented conditions similar to those at the time of the installation of the experiment. The greater abundance of some species contributed to the reduction of diversity measured by the Shannon-Weaver Index, in relation to 1989. The increases provided by silvicultural systems varied according to the area, with tendency to reduce of rate the growth in both. The regeneration time (27 years) was not sufficient for the complete restoration of absolute dominance.Keywords: forestry structure, forest restoration, natural regeneration, semiarid.

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A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Río Macho Biological Station, Provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica

Check List ◽

10.15560/11.6.1784 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1784

Author(s):

Víctor J. Acosta-Chaves ◽

Gerardo Chaves ◽

Juan G. Abarca ◽

Adrián García-Rodríguez ◽

Federico Bolaños

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Forest Plot ◽

Forest Species ◽

Biological Station ◽

Mature Forest ◽

Riparian Species ◽

Acoustic Surveys

We provide a checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Río Macho Biological Station (RMBS), Costa Rica. During a period of a year (2012–2013) we conducted visual and acoustic surveys in a natural mature forest plot (>50 years old) (MF), secondary forest plot (~17 years old) (SF), in open areas and riparian forest at RMBS. We found a total of 11 species of amphibians and 15 species of reptiles belonging to 11 taxonomic families. We also compared the diversity of the MF against the SF. The MF contained 10 species (five amphibians and five reptiles) and the SF seven (three amphibians and four reptiles), with similar dominance between sites. Unfortunately, some forest and riparian species have vanished at this elevation after an enigmatic decline; according to historical literature pristine areas should contain higher species richness. Perhaps, the secondary forest will provide an available habitat for an important percentage of the remaining forest species.

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Forested riparian belts as reservoirs of plant species in fragmented landscapes of tropical mountain cloud forest

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.2497 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 288-304

Author(s):

Omar Hernández-Dávila ◽

Javier Laborde ◽

Vinicio J Sosa ◽

Claudia Gallardo-Hernández ◽

Cecilia Díaz-Castelazo

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Cloud Forest ◽

Sampling Site ◽

Species Conservation ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Native Plant

Background: Cloud forest in central Veracruz is highly fragmented. However, different arboreal elements are still present within the agricultural matrix, including small patches of secondary forest, isolated trees and forested riparian belts. These elements could be important for cloud forest species conservation. Questions: What is the structure and composition of forested riparian belts within current anthropic landscapes, and what is their potential contribution as reservoirs of mountain cloud forest native plant species? Studied species: Vegetation community of forested riparian belts of cloud forest. Study site and dates: Eastern Mexico (central Veracruz), January to November 2018 Methods: Along 14 segments of riparian belts (≈400 m long), distributed across different tributary streams, six 50 × 2 m transects were placed (three per riverside) per segment. Every plant rooted within a transect and ≥ 1.5 m in height was identified and measured (height and DBH). Results: A total of 2,062 plants from 161 species, 102 genera and 55 families were recorded in the 14 sites (8,400 m² sampled). Structural attributes and floristic composition varied widely amongst sites. Elevation and the amount of forest cover (i.e., area) within 500 m of each sampling site were the most important factors underlying the spatial variation in species composition. Conclusions: Riparian belts were remarkably heterogeneous harboring a notable richness of tree and shrub species many of them native of the original cloud forest. This diversity reveals that these arboreal elements are keystone structures for biodiversity conservation and also have a high potential as propagule sources for cloud forest restoration in anthropic landscapes.

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