The social construction of married women's labour-force participation: the case of Sweden in the twentieth century

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Nyberg
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The Social

Les données provenant des dénombrements indiquent que la proportion des femmes mariées qui travaillent augmente considérablement dans tous les pays d'Europe depuis le début de ce siècle. Cependant cet accroissement n'est, dans une large mesure, qu'une construction sociale de la réalité, ayant pour seule base les idéologies qui prédominaient à l'époque et non une description correcte de la réalité. Si la définition actuelle de la main d'oeuvre avait été appliquée au début du siècle, le travail des ouvrières mariées aurait été évalué de façon complétement différente: on trouverait un taux élevé de participation des ouvrières au début du siècle, un taux bien moindre durant les années 1950 et 1960 et un taux croissant depuis les années 1960 et jusqu'à aujourd'hui.

The comparative constitution of twinship: strategies and paradoxes

Twin Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Mode Of Reproduction ◽  
Twin Research ◽  
The Social

AbstractIn both traditional and modern societies, twinship, as an unusual mode of reproduction, involves difficulties for social systems in maintaining consistent classification systems. It is proposed that the most prevalent response to twinship involves various ‘strategies of normalisation’ to defuse and contain the potential disruption. This proposition is illustrated and analysed in relation to ethnographic maternal drawn mainly (but not exclusively) from African communities in the twentieth century. Following a discussion of twin infanticide as the most extreme of the normalising strategies, the article concludes by identifying a number of paradoxes in the social construction of twinship. Twin Research (2000) 3, 142–147.

Is Female Labour Force Participation Really Low and Declining in Pakistan? A look at Alternative Data Sources

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-709
Author(s):  
M. Afzal ◽  
Zafar Moeen Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Status Of Women

For working out appropriate strategies and action programmes in order to fully utilize human resources for development and to advance the role and the status of women in society, it is essential that the statistical data collected on female participation in economic activity should reflect their position adequately and accurately in all the relevant sectors. In Pakistan, and other developing countries, the rural-agricultural segments, in the overall population have a large number of female workers who, directly and indirectly, contribute to agriculture, household and other unregistered rural activities. Similarly, in the urban organized sector, the work participation rate of women has registered a constant increase as a result of the social, economic and cultural changes which are taking place in these countries due to their development programmes.

Facets of the Gender Gap in Labour Force Participation and Economic Empowerment Disruption

2022 ◽  
pp. 146-161
Author(s):  
S. K. Baral ◽  
Durga Madhab Mahapatra ◽  
Soumendra Kumar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
The Public ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Social

According to Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) data, the average employment for January 2019-March 2020 was 403 million, which declined to 282 million in April 2020 and recovered steadily thereafter to reach 393million by August 2020. In India, female labour force participation is abysmally poor and has declined over the years, despite a rise in education. The causes for this are complex and, aside from objective factors, include a whole variety of social and cultural aspects. One of the factors causing this is the social mentality of women becoming homemakers. Furthermore, the scarcity of schooling and work-oriented courses, the lack of mobility, and sexism in the workplace have been deterrents to women's access to the public workspace. Therefore, initiatives that aim to fix this void need to be holistic. Legislation alone is not enough, and to close this gap, all stakeholders should join hands. The chapter attempts to analyse facets of the gender gap in labour force participation and economic empowerment disruption through the pandemic.

Labour Force Participation by Women and Inclusive Growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunimalee Madurawala
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Equity Index

This article examines the recent trends of opportunities available for women in Sri Lanka in accessing the labour force by using the Social Opportunity Function presented by Ali and Son (2007). Opportunity curves were constructed for women and men separately to assess the equity-impacts of access opportunities to be in the labour force across different expenditure groups. Opportunity index (OI) (average opportunities available to the population) and the Equity Index of Opportunity (EIO) (how opportunities are shared or distributed among the population) calculated for both sexes to quantify the precise magnitude of the change. Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) data produced by the Department of Census and Statistics of Sri Lanka was the main data source. Construction of Opportunity Curves revealed that opportunities for women in accessing labour force have declined over time across all expenditure groups. But it is more remarkable for women in the lower expenditure deciles. In the case of men, mixed results could be observed for different expenditure deciles. Regardless of the sex, average opportunities to access the labour force, OI and EIO have deteriorated over the time period considered.

scholarly journals Women, the Employment Contracts Act and bargaining: a discussion paper

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Sayers
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
New Right ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Employment Choices

This paper discusses some of the issues that arise from the Employment Contracts Act for women and bargaining. These issues are discussed in the contexts of likely future trends in female labour force participation. The paper addresses the topics under the following general headings: the structural location of women in an increasingly fragmented labour market and the impact of that on women's bargaining power; socialization and perceptions of women's bargaining effectiveness; and the impact of the social policy initiatives of the New Right on women's employment choices.

scholarly journals JUST A MATTER OF CHOICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-122
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Bueno Filho
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
The Social

What is learning? What is teaching? What would be students and teachers’ role regarding the process of learning and teaching? These are basic questions that have been answered in different ways throughout the twentieth century by various currents of thought in the field of education. As teachers we also tend to respond to them based on our past pedagogical readings and experiences, resulting in a plurality of positions where cognitivism, socio-cultural, behavioral, and political aspects can be appreciated jointly or to some degree polarized relative to each other. In the early 1990s, Gerard Vergnaud also contributed to these questions in formulating The Conceptual Field Theory. Although the foundations of this theoretical body, in a first reading, are aligned with the Piagetian tradition, later developments contemplated the social construction of action schemes and, consequently, of the amalgam of concepts and thought operations that confer operability to human actions.

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