Relationships between parental input frequencies and children's language acquisition: a reanalysis of Brown's data

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst L. Moerk
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Input Frequency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Parental Input ◽  
Short Term Effects ◽  
Parent Child

ABSTRACTTo evaluate Brown's assertion that frequency of input is not a significant variable in language acquisition, some of Brown's data were reanalysed. The data pertaining to Adam, Eve, Sarah and their parents were predominantly obtained from Brown's (1973) book and were supplemented from the transcripts. Parental input frequency and the children's age at mastery were highly related for each of the three triads. Then Sarah's input and rate of language acquisition were compared with that of the other two children. The correlation between Sarah's relative input deprivation and her relative linguistic delay was 0·66. Finally, an analysis of Eve's acquisition of specific prepositional phrases involving the preposition in were made. Again it was found that frequency of input was highly related to frequency of production. Detailed analyses of parent-child interactions provided evidence also for short-term effects of input frequency.

scholarly journals Parent-Child Conversations About Biological Kinds as a Potential Contributor to the Variability in Biological Knowledge

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-276
Author(s):  
Andrzej Tarłowski
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Ontological Commitments ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
Parental Input ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract There is a growing body of research on variability in the early development of biological knowledge. Most of the studies focus on the variability related to culture and direct exposure to nature, however, there is also data suggesting that parental input plays an important role. In children’s first years of life, parents play a key role in scaffolding development. It is therefore very important to provide a detailed account of how parents contribute to children’s understanding of living things, and how they convey biological knowledge through everyday conversations. The present article provides a review of the literature on variability in biological knowledge and parent-child conversations about biological kinds. It also presents original data from parent-child interactions while viewing picture books. Eighteen parent-child dyads who differed in the level of parental expertise within biology, talked while viewing books containing 24 photographs of animals and plants. The speech analysis specified labeling, perceptual and conceptual descriptions, relational, and mentalistic talk. Parents also completed a questionnaire on the child’s interests. The results showed that biology expert families produced more content overall, and a higher proportion of relational content than lay families. The findings help elucidate the specific role parents have in shaping children’s early biological understanding. In particular, I discuss the role of relational language in shaping children’s ontological commitments.

Toys that squeak: Toy type impacts quality and quantity of parent–child interactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Miller ◽  
Amanda Lossia ◽  
Catalina Suarez-Rivera ◽  
Julie Gros-Louis
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Parent Child

Given the dependent nature of parent–infant interactions necessary for language development, it is important to understand how context may influence these interactions. This study examines how contextual variables influence communicative, cognitive and social measures of parent–infant interactions. Specifically, how do feedback toys and traditional toys associate with important parent and child measures necessary for learning and development? Here we report evidence that toy type is associated with quality and quantity of parent–child interactions. Condition 1 examined parent–child interactions during two separate play sessions; one contained feedback toys and the other contained traditional toys. Condition 2 combined the toys so dyads had access to both types at the same time. Infants produced higher levels of directed vocalizations and directed gestures, but had shorter durations of sustained attention, when interacting with traditional toys compared to feedback toys. Parents responded more to infants’ vocalizations and gestures when interacting with traditional toys. In general, these results suggest that toy properties can play a significant role in parent–infant interactions.

The Short-Term Effects of the Pandemic (COVID-19) on Banks With Activity in Portugal

2021 ◽  
pp. 291-304
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Pereira Pires ◽  
Milene Horta ◽  
Rute Fradinho
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Bank Capital ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Credit Quality ◽  
Management Efficiency ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Short Term Effects

In this chapter, the authors assess the short-term effects of the pandemic (COVID-19) on banks with activity in Portugal. Namely, with regard capital buffer, it is intended to describe, in a succinct way, the measures taken by Portugal government to minimize the crisis effects. On the other hand, researchers divided the factors that can influence bank capital buffer in several groups, namely management efficiency, credit quality, and profitability. The panel dataset is composed of report annual data of 18 banks operating in Portugal, representing about 98% of the Portuguese banking product. The dependent variable is the capital buffer (BUF). The results show that credit quality (ICV), management efficiency (CTIN), and profitability (ROA and ROE) have a significant impact on bank capital buffer. Banks that have good credit quality indicators (ICV), management efficiency (CTIN), capital adequacy, and capital buffer (BUFF) will be better prepared to face the pandemic that is just taking its first steps.

scholarly journals Television as a talking picture book: a prop for language acquisition

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafna Lemish ◽  
Mabel L. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Picture Book ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Joint Book Reading ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Viewing Experience ◽  
Parent Child

ABSTRACTThis study provides longitudinal observations of young children's behaviours while viewing television in their own homes, over a time when the children were actively involved in the process of language acquisition. Sixteen children were observed for a period ranging from 0; 6 to 0;8. At the beginning, their ages ranged from 0; 6.15 to 5.15; at the end, from 1; 2.15 to 3;0. The observations yielded documentation of an overwhelming and consistent occurrence of language-related behaviours among children and parents in the viewing situation. The categories of child and adult talk are reported, with description and examples of each category. The categories are compared with those reported for parent–child interactions outside the viewing experience, – in particular joint book-reading. A model of television as a talking picture book is proposed. It is argued that television has the potential to serve as a facilitator of children's language acquisition.

Development of forms and functions of negation in the early stages of language acquisition: a study in Tamil

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vaidyanathan
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
Parent Child

ABSTRACTThe development of forms and functions of negation in parent–child interactions in the early stages of language acquisition is discussed with illustrative examples from field data relating to two Tamil-speaking children and their parents. An attempt is made to provide a scheme for analysing the negatives in children's speech, maintaining the three basic functions of Bloom (1970) unaltered. Subcategories of these functions are introduced, taking into consideration the interactional situations as they are perceived by the parents and children. Children, it is observed, acquire the forms and functions of negation in a clear developmental sequence. They acquire and use the free forms naanaa (veeṇḍaam) ‘No, I don't want’ first, followed by negatives involving bound forms. Certain forms like maaṭṭeen ‘I won't’, muḍiyaadi' I can't’ and even veeṇḍaam are used in isolation (as free forms) first. Only later are they used with verb infinitives. The development of functions of negation follows the sequence: rejection, non-existence, prohibition and denial. Thus the children of this study show preference for rejection over non-existence as observed by earlier scholars.

scholarly journals Effects of the Combined PDL/Nd:YAG Laser on Surgical Scars: Vascularity and Collagen Changes Evaluated byIn VivoConfocal Microscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Vas ◽  
Magdolna Gaál ◽  
Erika Varga ◽  
Réka Kovács ◽  
Balázs Bende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effects

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the sequential combined 585 nm PDL and the 1064 nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser (PDL/Nd:YAG) in the treatment of surgical scars and to evaluate the short-term effects byin vivoconfocal microscopy (RCM) and the long-term effects by clinical assessment of the scars. Twenty-five patients were enrolled with 39 postoperative linear scars; each scar was divided into two fields. One half was treated with the combined PDL/Nd:YAG laser, whereas the other half remained untreated. Each scar was treated three times at monthly intervals. Scars were evaluated by an independent examiner, using the Vancouver Scar Scale. The combined PDL/Nd:YAG laser significantly improved the appearance of the scars. In order to study the short-term effects of combined laser treatment, six additional patients were enrolled with 7 postoperative linear scars. One half of scars was treated once with the combined PDL/Nd:YAG laser. One week after this laser treatment, both the treated and the nontreated parts of the scars were examined by dermoscopy and RCM. The dermoscopic pictures revealed improvements even in treated areas. In conclusion, the combined PDL/Nd:YAG laser was found to be effective in improving the quality and appearance of the surgical scars.

A Bird in the Hand Isn’t Good for Long

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Scherbaum ◽  
Simon Frisch ◽  
Maja Dshemuchadse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Folk wisdom tells us that additional time to make a decision helps us to refrain from the first impulse to take the bird in the hand. However, the question why the time to decide plays an important role is still unanswered. Here we distinguish two explanations, one based on a bias in value accumulation that has to be overcome with time, the other based on cognitive control processes that need time to set in. In an intertemporal decision task, we use mouse tracking to study participants’ responses to options’ values and delays which were presented sequentially. We find that the information about options’ delays does indeed lead to an immediate bias that is controlled afterwards, matching the prediction of control processes needed to counter initial impulses. Hence, by using a dynamic measure, we provide insight into the processes underlying short-term oriented choices in intertemporal decision making.

Learning on hold: Cell phones sidetrack parent-child interactions.

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1428-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessa Reed ◽  
Kathy Hirsh-Pasek ◽  
Roberta Michnick Golinkoff
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phones ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Parent Child
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document