Lexical acquisition and acquisition of initial voiceless stops

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann A. Tyler ◽  
Mary Louise Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Lexical Acquisition ◽  
New Words ◽  
Voicing Contrast ◽  
Voiceless Stop ◽  
Lexical Diffusion ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Production Accuracy

ABSTRACTThe interaction between lexical acquisition and acquisition of initial voiceless stops was studied in two normally developing children, aged 1;9 and 1;10, by acoustically examining the token-by-token accuracy of initial voiceless stop targets in different lexical items. Production accuracy was also examined as it related to the frequency of usage of different words, as well as the time when they entered the children's lexicons. Fewer than half of the words in the children's lexicons had tokens representing the emergence of accurate voiceless stop production prior to the session at which the voicing contrast was achieved. These words were primarily ‘old’ words that had been in the children's lexicons from the beginning of data collection, as opposed to ‘new’ words, first produced in later recording sessions. Findings are discussed in reference to the ‘lexical diffusion’ model of sound change and within the framework of nonlinear underspecification theory.

Regularity of sound change through lexical diffusion: A study of s > h > in Gondi dialects

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bh. Krishnamurti
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Central India ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
The West ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Normal Expectation ◽  
Lexical Diffusion ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Theoretical Proposal ◽  
Dravidian Language

ABSTRACTGondi is a Dravidian language spoken by 2.2 million speakers (Census of India 1981) in the mountains and forests of four adjacent states in central India. Gondi is a chain of several dialects, some of which, at distant points, are perhaps not mutually intelligible. A major dialect division is provided by a two-step sound change: s- > h- in the west, north, and northwest and h- > - in the south and southeast. The present article studies this two-step sound change, which is still in progress, and establishes two facts. First, contrary to the normal expectation that this sound change would be phonetically gradual and lexically abrupt (Neogram-marian type), there is evidence that it has been lexically gradual and perhaps also phonetically gradual (lexical diffusion). Second, phonetic gradualness and regularity in implementation of sound change are properties not incompatible with the mechanism of lexical diffusion. Labov's observation that s > h > has not been reported as a lexically diffused change in many quantitative studies of Portuguese and Spanish (1981) finds a clear exception in Gondi. Under the lexical diffusion model, the regularity of a sound change is defined as the final outcome in a three-stage change of the relevant lexicon: unchanged (u), variant (u ˜ c), and changed (c). If the entire eligible lexicon passed from u to c through u ˜ c, the change would become regular. If all u ˜ c became c and for some reason no item under u became u ˜ c, the sound change would die prematurely, since the variant stage which provided the rule for the innovation would be absent. Since a regular sound change can result from either the Neogrammarian model or the lexical diffusion model, Labov's (1994:542–543) theoretical proposal of complementarity between the kinds of changes resulting from the two mechanisms calls for more studies of sound change in progress to decide the issue.

Modeling Customer-Related IT Diffusion

2011 ◽  
pp. 251-263
Author(s):  
Shana L. Dardan ◽  
Ram L. Kumar ◽  
Antonis C. Stylianou
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Technology Diffusion ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Event Studies ◽  
It Investments ◽  
It Diffusion ◽  
Information Technology Investments ◽  
Bayesian Prior

This study develops a diffusion model of customer-related IT (CRIT) based on stock market announcements of investments in those technologies. Customer-related IT investments are defined in this work as information technology investments made with the intention of improving or enhancing the customer experience. The diffusion model developed in our study is based on data for the companies of the S&P 500 and S&P MidCap 400 for the years of 1996-2001. We find empirical support for a sigmoid diffusion model. Further, we find that both the size and industry of the company affect the path of CRIT diffusion. Another contribution of this study is to illustrate how data collection techniques typically used for fi- nancial event studies can be used to study information technology diffusion. Finally, the data collected for this study can serve as a Bayesian prior for future diffusion forecasting studies of CRIT.

Lexical diffusion as a factor of phonetic change: The case of Modern French nasal vowels

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Berit Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Sound Change ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Nasal Vowels ◽  
Lexical Diffusion

The present study explores the notion of lexical diffusion in relation to an ongoing change in Modern French nasal vowels. Data are interviews with 42 Parisians, recorded in 1972–74 and 1989–93. We start with the notion that sound change ought to be regular, according to the classification of Labov (1994): that is, being a phonetically gradual change, it should be lexically abrupt. The first part of our analysis, which includes more than 10,000 nasal vowel tokens, seems to indicate an influence of factors compatible with the hypothesis of regular sound change (i.e., stress and phonetic surroundings). A closer look at the vowel /[vowel symbol]/, however, reveals an independent lexical and grammatical conditioning, one not entirely explicable in terms of stress or phonetics. As other studies have shown (Krishnamurti, 1998; Yaeger-Dror, 1996), gradual phonetic change might show lexical irregularities, a fact which calls for a revision of Labov's classification.

A tale of two studies: Reflections on issues faced by novice researchers during data collection and analysis in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 003452372097098
Author(s):  
Hassan Syed ◽  
Ghazal Kazim Syed
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Lexical Items

This paper reports on the challenges faced by two researchers during data collection and translation of data and analysis in two public sector universities in Pakistan. Data collection from each institute involved different procedures and a different set of issues, including negotiating access with gatekeepers and participants, dealing with teachers’ attitudinal issues, and getting consent from female participants. Challenges related to access to the institution, to female participants and recording permissions are discussed. Both researchers faced issues in translation of the key constructs with no equivalent lexical items in the context of study. It is further argued that awareness of such issues beforehand will help novice researchers be better prepared. Implications for novice researchers from Pakistan, and researchers from other contexts, have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Play on words and their functions in Javanese cartoons

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 00006
Author(s):  
I Dewa Putu
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
View Point ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Primary Function

<p class="Abstract">This article is intended to describe linguistic aspects played by the cartoonist in creating jocular discourse and to view how those discourses are also exploited to deliver social criticisms against various social phenomena happens in Javanese community. All data presented are collected from Djoko Lodang, one of about three Javanese magazines that is nowadays still published in Java. After having carefully analyzed the data collection, it is found that there are many kinds of linguistic aspects which are very common to be used for creating humorous texts. Those are sound change, polysemy, idiom, homonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, and pragmatic usage. Even though most of the discourses are created to carry out their primary function for expressing jokes, many of them are also made for deliver social criticisms, such as criticism against social poverty, injustice, betrayal and dishonesty, impoliteness, crimes, violence, environment destruction, etc. These findings indicate that study on cartoon discourse from various perspectives, particularly from linguistic view point, plays very central role, in order to understand and to solve social problems occur in the society.</p>

Lexical constraints in phonological acquisition

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDITH A. GIERUT ◽  
MICHELE L. MORRISETTE ◽  
ANNETTE HUST CHAMPION
Keyword(s):  
Word Frequency ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Phonological Acquisition ◽  
Lexical Diffusion ◽  
Phonological Change ◽  
Lexical Constraints ◽  
Neighbourhood Structure

Lexical diffusion, as characterized by interword variation in production, was examined in phonological acquisition. The lexical variables of word frequency and neighbourhood density were hypothesized to facilitate sound change to varying degrees. Twelve children with functional phonological delays, aged 3;0 to 7;4, participated in an alternating treatments experiment to promote sound change. Independent variables were crossed to yield all logically possible combinations of high/low frequency and high/low density in treatment; the dependent measure was generalization accuracy in production. Results indicated word frequency was most facilitative in sound change, whereas, dense neighbourhood structure was least facilitative. The salience of frequency and avoidance of high density are discussed relative to the type of phonological change being induced in children's grammars, either phonetic or phonemic, and to the nature of children's representations. Results are further interpreted with reference to interactive models of language processing and optimality theoretic accounts of linguistic structure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document