From ‘ah’ to ‘bah’: social feedback loops for speech sounds at key points of developmental transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie GROS-LOUIS ◽  
Jennifer L. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Developmental Transition ◽  
Key Points ◽  
First Words

AbstractSocial feedback is a driving force for speech development. A recent study provided a key finding to explain how contingent responses influence developmental change: infant speech-related vocalizations are contingent on responses to prior speech-related vocalizations (Warlaumont et al., 2014). However, the study did not distinguish between different speech-related vocalizations, vowel-like (V) and consonant–vowel (CV) vocalizations, which is important because CV vocalizations are a precursor to words. The present study explored parents’ responses to infants’ vocalizations and infants’ subsequent vocal production at a point when vocalizations become more like adult speech. The relative proportion of CVs following contingent responses to CV did not differ between 10- and 12-months-olds; however, there was only a significant contingent relationship between responses to CV and subsequent CV production in 12-month-olds. Results suggest a developmental transition and a social feedback loop for the production of more developmentally advanced sounds when infants are learning their first words.

scholarly journals A Social Feedback Loop for Speech Development and Its Reduction in Autism

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1314-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne S. Warlaumont ◽  
Jeffrey A. Richards ◽  
Jill Gilkerson ◽  
D. Kimbrough Oller
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Social Feedback

scholarly journals Arousal elevation drives the development of oscillatory vocal output

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisi S Zhang ◽  
John L Alvarez ◽  
Asif A Ghazanfar
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Periodic Oscillations ◽  
Temporal Regularity ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
Plausible Mechanism

Adult behaviors, such as vocal production, often exhibit temporal regularity. In contrast, their immature forms are more irregular. We ask whether the coupling of motor behaviors with arousal changes give rise to temporal regularity and drive the transition from variable to regular motor output over the course of development. We used marmoset monkey vocal production to explore this putative influence of arousal on the nonlinear changes in their developing vocal output patterns. Based on a detailed analysis of vocal and arousal dynamics in marmosets, we put forth a general model incorporating arousal and auditory-feedback loops for spontaneous vocal production. Using this model, we show that a stable oscillation can emerge as the baseline arousal increases, predicting the transition from stochastic to periodic oscillations occurring in marmoset vocal development. We further provide a solution for how this model can explain vocal development as the joint consequence of energetic growth and social feedback. Together, our model offers a plausible mechanism for the development of arousal-mediated adaptive behavior.

scholarly journals Social feedback and the emergence of rank in animal society

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hobson ◽  
Simon DeDeo
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Dominance Hierarchies ◽  
Myiopsitta Monachus ◽  
Direct Aggression ◽  
Individual Decisions

Dominance hierarchies are group-level properties that emerge from the aggressions of individuals. Although individuals can gain critical benefits from their position in a hierarchy, we do not understand how real-world hierarchies form, or what signals and decision-rules individuals use to construct and maintain them in the absence of simple cues. A study of aggression in two groups of captive monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) found a transition to large-scale ordered aggression occurred in newly-formed groups after one week, with individuals thereafter preferring to direct aggression against those nearby in rank. We describe two mechanisms by which individuals may determine rank order: inference based on overall levels of aggression, or on subsets of the aggression network. Both pathways were predictive of individual decisions to aggress. Based on these results, we present a new theory, of a feedback loop between knowledge of rank and consequent behavior, that explains the transition to strategic aggression, and the formation and persistence of dominance hierarchies in groups capable of both social memory and social inference.

From Perception to Action: The Role of Auditory Input in Shaping Vocal Communication and Social Behaviors in Birds

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (Suppl. 1-4) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Julie E. Elie ◽  
Susanne Hoffmann ◽  
Jeffery L. Dunning ◽  
Melissa J. Coleman ◽  
Eric S. Fortune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Auditory Input ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Active Participant ◽  
Communication Signals

Acoustic communication signals are typically generated to influence the behavior of conspecific receivers. In songbirds, for instance, such cues are routinely used by males to influence the behavior of females and rival males. There is remarkable diversity in vocalizations across songbird species, and the mechanisms of vocal production have been studied extensively, yet there has been comparatively little emphasis on how the receiver perceives those signals and uses that information to direct subsequent actions. Here, we emphasize the receiver as an active participant in the communication process. The roles of sender and receiver can alternate between individuals, resulting in an emergent feedback loop that governs the behavior of both. We describe three lines of research that are beginning to reveal the neural mechanisms that underlie the reciprocal exchange of information in communication. These lines of research focus on the perception of the repertoire of songbird vocalizations, evaluation of vocalizations in mate choice, and the coordination of duet singing.

Linking Vocal Learning to Social Reward in the Brain

2018 ◽  
pp. 308-336
Author(s):  
Samantha Carouso Peck ◽  
Michael H. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Parallel Processes ◽  
Vocal Control ◽  
And Control

The social environment plays an important role in vocal development. In songbirds, social interactions that promote vocal learning are often characterized by contingent responses of adults to early, immature vocalizations. Parallel processes have been discovered in the early speech development of human infants. Why does contingent social feedback facilitate vocal learning so effectively? Answers may be found by connecting the neural mechanisms of vocal learning and control with those involved in processing social reward. This chapter extends the idea of Newman’s social behaviour network, a tightly interconnected system of limbic areas across which social behaviour and motivation are distributed, to an avian social/vocal control network. It explores anatomical and functional overlaps between song circuitry and social-motivational circuitry, describing how circuitry linking basal ganglia with cortical areas serves to integrate social reward with vocal control and may underlie socially guided vocal learning. In species that have evolved socially guided vocal learning, a unique link has been forgedbetween social circuitry and vocal learning systems, such that learning is driven by social motivation.

The Analysis of Economic and Environmental Feedback System and Proposed Management Policies in Jiuzhaigou

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Qi Sheng Chen ◽  
Peng Ge ◽  
Pei Yu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
System Dynamics Model ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Scenic Spot ◽  
Management Policies

Jiuzhaigou scenic spot (Jiuzhaigou) is an ecological and economic system. The constraints and feedbacks between the economic subsystem and environmental subsystem are very important to the sustainable development. To study this system, the paper creates the system dynamics model about the constraints and feedbacks between economic subsystem and environmental subsystem. The model is made of one growth positive feedback loop of tourism development and two confine positive feedback loops of space constraint and pollution constraint. Then the paper brings up sustainable development management policies in Jiuzhaigou.

FEEDBACK LOOPS, STABILITY AND MULTISTATIONARITY IN DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

1995 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIK PLAHTE ◽  
THOMAS MESTL ◽  
STIG W. OMHOLT
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Nonlinear Systems ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Negative Feedback Loop ◽  
Positive Feedback Loop ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Differential Equations

By fairly simple considerations of stability and multistationarity in nonlinear systems of first order differential equations it is shown that under quite mild restrictions a negative feedback loop is a necessary condition for stability, and that a positive feedback loop is a necessary condition for multistationarity.

scholarly journals Towards faster feedback in higher education through digitally mediated dialogic loops

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Jill Willis ◽  
Andrew Gibson ◽  
Nick Kelly ◽  
Nerida Spina ◽  
Jennifer Azordegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Personal Connection ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Responsive Design ◽  
Feedback Data ◽  
Student Reflections

How feedback is understood and enacted has shifted from the traditional practice of providing individual feedback on summative tasks at key points to a more ongoing series of dialogues between the teacher and students during the teaching period. This paper reports on the experiences of designing faster feedback through weekly dialogic feedback loops to enhance students’ personal connection to their learning while providing teachers with faster, actionable feedback data to inform learning design. A pragmatic inquiry considered how benefits might potentially be amplified through the use of digital technologies. Data included student reflections collected via the GoingOK web application, interviews and focus groups. The findings identify and theorise four types of digitally mediated feedback loops: students in computer-mediated dialogue with themselves; students and teachers in dialogue with each other; the reflection on how feedback informed learning; and the sociotechnical dialogue informing ongoing technical design. Three design dilemmas that were experienced by teachers as they enacted digitally mediated dialogic feedback loops are articulated, alongside the principles that enabled responsive design. Understanding these design elements is fundamental if automation of some parts of the feedback loop through reflective writing analytics is to be considered both feasible and desirable. Implications for practice or policy: Digitally mediated feedback loops can facilitate faster feedback, enabling students to reflect on their learning and providing teachers with access to new insights about diverse learners. Feedback technology can challenge existing ideas about feedback. Faster feedback can save teachers time, but efficiencies are likely to depend on an increased human workload in the short term as automation technologies can be slower to develop. Sociotechnical innovation requires collective dialogue between educators and digital developers, across asynchronous timelines.

scholarly journals Conceptual Framework for Modeling Business Capabilities

10.28945/3148 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Brits ◽  
Gerrit Botha ◽  
Marlien Herselman
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Organizational Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Agile Organization ◽  
Insight Into

Staying competitive in today’s fast changing markets and business environments has become a big issue in organizations these days. To be able to foresee the future of the industry and have insight into customer’s articulated and unarticulated needs are critical capabilities that organizations need to acquire in order to stay competitive. The objective of this research project is to provide a conceptual approach to analyze an organization and to provide a foundation that would support the architecture of an agile organization. Enterprise architecture, business capabilities, organizational analysis and innovation are the main practices that contribute towards the construction of capabilities and the development of the conceptual business capability framework. The most significant findings from this research study were the development of a conceptual framework that is later utilized to construct business capabilities. A business capability model has also been produced to visually depict a business capability. This study also provided two feedback loops, namely the organizational feedback loop and the innovative feedback loop.

Numerical analysis of a comprehensive model of M-phase control in Xenopus oocyte extracts and intact embryos

1993 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1153-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Novak ◽  
J.J. Tyson
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Xenopus Oocyte ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Phase Control ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Negative Feedback Loop ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Tyrosine Residue ◽  
M Phase

To contribute to a deeper understanding of M-phase control in eukaryotic cells, we have constructed a model based on the biochemistry of M-phase promoting factor (MPF) in Xenopus oocyte extracts, where there is evidence for two positive feedback loops (MPF stimulates its own production by activating Cdc25 and inhibiting Wee1) and a negative feedback loop (MPF stimulates its own destruction by indirectly activating the ubiquitin pathway that degrades its cyclin subunit). To uncover the full dynamical possibilities of the control system, we translate the regulatory network into a set of differential equations and study these equations by graphical techniques and computer simulation. The positive feedback loops in the model account for thresholds and time lags in cyclin-induced and MPF-induced activation of MPF, and the model can be fitted quantitatively to these experimental observations. The negative feedback loop is consistent with observed time lags in MPF-induced cyclin degradation. Furthermore, our model indicates that there are two possible mechanisms for autonomous oscillations. One is driven by the positive feedback loops, resulting in phosphorylation and abrupt dephosphorylation of the Cdc2 subunit at an inhibitory tyrosine residue. These oscillations are typical of oocyte extracts. The other type is driven by the negative feedback loop, involving rapid cyclin turnover and negligible phosphorylation of the tyrosine residue of Cdc2. The early mitotic cycles of intact embryos exhibit such characteristics. In addition, by assuming that unreplicated DNA interferes with M-phase initiation by activating the phosphatases that oppose MPF in the positive feedback loops, we can simulate the effect of addition of sperm nuclei to oocyte extracts, and the lengthening of cycle times at the mid-blastula transition of intact embryos.

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