Gendered Pathways to Rural Schooling: The Interplay of Wealth and Local Institutions

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 60-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Davis ◽  
Pierre Landry ◽  
Yusheng Peng ◽  
Jin Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
School Enrolment ◽  
Rural Schooling ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Communist Youth League ◽  
Parents Involvement ◽  
Parental Wealth ◽  
The Impact

Using a 2004 survey of over 1,000 children in a multi-ethnic county of Yunnan province, this article demonstrates how household and village assets operate in gender distinct ways to promote school enrolment in an era of economic privatization and skewed sex ratios. As expected, parental and village wealth facilitate enrolment, but parental wealth is far more decisive for girls than boys. Similarly we find a gender difference in the impact of such parental cultural capitals as education and membership in the Communist Youth League. For a daughter, having a father with higher than average levels of education and past membership in the Youth League facilitates enrolment independent of household wealth; for sons the impact of father's cultural capital is positive but less decisive. Having a more educated mother or a mother who was in the Youth League also promotes a child's enrolment but not as significantly as father's assets. In conclusion, the article considers why parents' involvement in the Youth League during their own adolescence but not their current Communist Party membership facilitates school enrolment, and the broader social and political implications for the role of the Communist Party in rural society.

„Arvīd, uz kurieni Tu aizgāji?”: Arvīda Griguļa personības loma Rakstnieku savienības vēsturē

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Madara Eversone
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
State Archive ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

The article aims to highlight the role of Arvīds Grigulis’ (1906–1989) personality in the Latvian Soviet literary process in the context of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union, attempting to discover the contradictions and significance of Arvīds Grigulis’ personality. Arvīds Grigulis was a long-time member of the Writers’ Union, a member of the Soviet nomenklatura, and an authority of the soviet literary process. His evaluations of pre-soviet literary heritage and writings of his contemporaries were often harsh and ruthless, and also influenced the development of the further literary process. The article is based on the documents of the Central Committee of the Latvian Communist Party, the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union and the Communist Party local organization of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union that are available at the Latvian State Archive of the National Archives of Latvia, as well as memories of Grigulis’ contemporaries. It is concluded that the personality of the writer Arvīds Grigulis, although unfolding less in the context of the Writers’ Union, is essential for the exploration of the soviet literary process and events behind the scenes. The article mainly describes events and episodes taking place until 1965, when Arvīds Grigulis’ influence in the Writers’ Union was more remarkable. Individual and further studies should analyse changes and the impact of his decisions in the cultural process of the 70s and 80s of the 20th century.

Building a Swiss Chalet in an Irish Legal Landscape? Referendums on European Union Treaties in Ireland & the Impact of Supreme Court Jurisprudence

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Barrett
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Impact

Irish legal framework on European referendums – Case-law – Judicial activism – No appropriate legislative reaction – Essential scope or objectives test – Constitutional amendment necessary if test not met – Single Act – Pressure for referendum at each new treaty – Political implications – Positive and negative sides of referendums – Referendum-elites – Government sidelined – Equal access to broadcasting – Issues of equality – Diminished role of political parties

The German Communist Party

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Marcuse
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Political System ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Political Force ◽  
Future Role ◽  
German Politics ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Systematic Program

This chapter focuses on the Communist Party of Germany. Prior to 1933, the German Communist Party was an important force in the German political system and one of the three largest political parties. The report states that since its dissolution in 1933 by the Nazis, the party has continued to exist, both inside and outside Germany. At present, the German Communist Party is the only pre-1933 party which has formulated a systematic program and developed tactics to exploit the conditions which it anticipates will exist in Germany. The chapter considers the historical position of the German Communist Party in German politics, its present strength, and the plans by which it hopes to become a political force in post-war Germany. It also discusses the impact of the Free German movement on both the current policy and the future of the party. Finally, it reflects on the possible future role of the Communist Party in Germany.

scholarly journals Cold War Polarization, Delegated Party Authority, and Diminishing Exilic Options

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 338-372
Author(s):  
David T. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Chinese Politics ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Chinese State ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Several thousand Indonesians were in China on 1 October 1965, when six senior military officers were killed in Jakarta by the Thirtieth of September Movement (G30S) in a putsch blamed upon the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). The event changed the lives of Indonesians—in China and in their homeland—irrevocably. This article examines the impact of bilateral state relations upon the fate of those Indonesian political exiles in China and assesses the role of the Beijing-based leadership of the PKI (known as the Delegation of the Central Committee) as it attempted to manage the party in exile. Oral and written accounts by individual exiles are drawn upon to illustrate the broader community experience and trauma of exile, which was particularly harsh during the Cultural Revolution. The fate of the Indonesian exiles during this tempestuous period of Chinese politics was exacerbated by the failure of the delegation and, ultimately, by the exiles’ eventual rejection by the Chinese state.

scholarly journals Impact of Political Connection on Farming Households’ Performance of Tea Production in Vietnam

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen To-The ◽  
Quoc Tran-Nam
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Political Connection ◽  
Agricultural Performance ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farming Households ◽  
Practical Implications

<p><em>Purpose</em>: This paper aims to investigate the impacts of political connections on farming households’ performance, especially in tea production.</p><p>Methodology/Approach: The Box-Cox methodology is applied using the primary data surveyed on 244 tea farming households in Vietnam.</p><p><em>Findings</em>: The findings show the significant role of political connection on improving farming households’ income, particularly to members of the Communist Party, Youth Union and Farmer’s Union. However, the interaction effects of Farmer’s Union, Youth Union, Veteran’s Union and Communist Party with land has negatively significant impact on farming household income.</p><p><em>Practical Implications</em>: The evidences point out the capacity of improving tea producers’ income could be really potential implying most of existing related policies which should be adjusted.</p><p><em>Originality/Value</em>: This is the first research examining the impact of political connection on<em> </em>agricultural performance, especially in tea production. The impacts are estimated in de-tail; such as participating more on Veteran’s, Farmer’s, Youth Union and Communist Party may reduce time on cultivating; as a result, cultivated land could be reduced. Basing on these findings, we also suggest some appropriate policy implications related to the issue how to improve income of tea production households.</p>

The Role of Household Wealth in Combining Child School and Child Labor: Evidence from MICS Balochistan (Pakistan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-199
Author(s):  
Tabish Nawab ◽  
Beyza Nur Aktaş ◽  
Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Ruqayya Ibraheem
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

The issue of combining school & work has taken considerable focus in the past years from policymakers, advocates and researchers. In the literature, the role of household wealth, combining school & work is still an unresolved issue. The researchers have contradicting views about the impact of household wealth on combining child school & work. Child labor and low schooling attendance are found pervasive issues worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to explore the impact of household wealth on combining child school & work, particularly focusing on the wealth index of the household. For this purpose, microdata having 18471 observations from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Balochistan (2010) has been utilized. The binary logistic model has been applied for the children (5-15 years) activity whether they are combining school & work or not. The main finding of this paper is the wealth status of households which has a statistically significant and positive influence on combining child school & work. Both mother and father's education is positively associated with combining school & work. In addition, mother and father being alive played a vital role in their children’s combined activities of schooling & work rather than doing nothing because the expectations of child schooling are high in parent's lives. Furthermore, gender, age of the child, and area of residence are positive effects combining school & work. The children from urban zones are more likely to be involved in combining school & work. The policy of this paper suggests that education is the key to break child labor in society by providing education facilities for both girls and boys equally. In addition to policy recommendations, there should be crucial steps to provide a better economic environment for the well-being of the masses to enhance their economic condition especially in rural and deprived areas of Balochistan, and the applicability of child labor laws needs to be focused on.Keywords:

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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