Issues in art librarianship in Canadian universities

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Loren Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
Canadian Universities ◽  
Electronic Networks ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Historical Investigation

Advances in visual arts research are significant, easing the gathering process and expanding the horizons of historical investigation. As visual arts scholarship changes, the vocabulary of art is evolving to describe new concepts, perspectives and concerns. Computer technology has made the location, description and retrieval of art information easier. The computer’s capacity to interrelate text and visual data through image processing has led to new types of reference and research tools. Communication amongst art researchers through electronic networks will transform academic discourse. All of these changes impact on the concept of the art library and the role of art librarians and visual curators in university libraries.

How a Brain Sees: Constructing Reality

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-121
Author(s):  
Stephen Grossberg
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Color Spreading ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Artistic Styles ◽  
Neon Color Spreading ◽  
Boundary Completion

The distinction between seeing and knowing, and why our brains even bother to see, are discussed using vivid perceptual examples, including image features without visible qualia that can nonetheless be consciously recognized, The work of Helmholtz and Kanizsa exemplify these issues, including examples of the paradoxical facts that “all boundaries are invisible”, and that brighter objects look closer. Why we do not see the big holes in, and occluders of, our retinas that block light from reaching our photoreceptors is explained, leading to the realization that essentially all percepts are visual illusions. Why they often look real is also explained. The computationally complementary properties of boundary completion and surface filling-in are introduced and their unifying explanatory power is illustrated, including that “all conscious qualia are surface percepts”. Neon color spreading provides a vivid example, as do self-luminous, glary, and glossy percepts. How brains embody general-purpose self-organizing architectures for solving modal problems, more general than AI algorithms, but less general than digital computers, is described. New concepts and mechanisms of such architectures are explained, including hierarchical resolution of uncertainty. Examples from the visual arts and technology are described to illustrate them, including paintings of Baer, Banksy, Bleckner, da Vinci, Gene Davis, Hawthorne, Hensche, Matisse, Monet, Olitski, Seurat, and Stella. Paintings by different artists and artistic schools instinctively emphasize some brain processes over others. These choices exemplify their artistic styles. The role of perspective, T-junctions, and end gaps are used to explain how 2D pictures can induce percepts of 3D scenes.

ROLE OF LIBRARIANS IN TEACHING INFORMATION LITERACY IN ZIMBABWEAN AND SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinashe Mugwisi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Information Skills ◽  
The University

Information and communications technologies (ICTs) and the Internet have to a large extent influenced the way information is made available, published and accessed. More information is being produced too frequently and information users now require certain skills to sift through this multitude in order to identify what is appropriate for their purposes. Computer and information skills have become a necessity for all academic programmes. As libraries subscribe to databases and other peer-reviewed content (print and electronic), it is important that users are also made aware of such sources and their importance. The purpose of this study was to examine the teaching of information literacy (IL) in universities in Zimbabwe and South Africa, and the role played by librarians in creating information literate graduates. This was done by examining whether such IL programmes were prioritised, their content and how frequently they were reviewed. An electronic questionnaire was distributed to 12 university libraries in Zimbabwe and 21 in South Africa. A total of 25 questionnaires were returned. The findings revealed that IL was being taught in universities library and non-library staff, was compulsory and contributed to the term mark in some institutions. The study also revealed that 44 per cent of the total respondents indicated that the libraries were collaborating with departments and faculty in implementing IL programmes in universities. The study recommends that IL should be an integral part of the university programmes in order to promote the use of databases and to guide students on ethical issues of information use.

scholarly journals The Constantly Evolving Role of Medical Image Processing in Oncology: From Traditional Medical Image Processing to Imaging Biomarkers and Radiomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Kostas Marias
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Medical Image Processing ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Precision Oncology

The role of medical image computing in oncology is growing stronger, not least due to the unprecedented advancement of computational AI techniques, providing a technological bridge between radiology and oncology, which could significantly accelerate the advancement of precision medicine throughout the cancer care continuum. Medical image processing has been an active field of research for more than three decades, focusing initially on traditional image analysis tasks such as registration segmentation, fusion, and contrast optimization. However, with the advancement of model-based medical image processing, the field of imaging biomarker discovery has focused on transforming functional imaging data into meaningful biomarkers that are able to provide insight into a tumor’s pathophysiology. More recently, the advancement of high-performance computing, in conjunction with the availability of large medical imaging datasets, has enabled the deployment of sophisticated machine learning techniques in the context of radiomics and deep learning modeling. This paper reviews and discusses the evolving role of image analysis and processing through the lens of the abovementioned developments, which hold promise for accelerating precision oncology, in the sense of improved diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning of cancer.

scholarly journals Image Processing Using Local Regularization: The Role of Optimization

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Keiichiro SHIRAI ◽  
Tatsuya BABA ◽  
Shunsuke ONO ◽  
Masahiro OKUDA
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Local Regularization

Developing Craft in the Ballet Class

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Susie Crow
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Embodied Learning ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions

The ballet class is a complex pedagogical phenomenon in which an embodied tradition is transmitted in practice from one generation to the next, shaping not just the dancing but the attitudes and perceptions of dancers throughout their careers. This paper emerges from observations and experience of recent and current ballet class practice, and theoretical investigations into embodied learning in the arts. It outlines the influential role of large hegemonic institutions in shaping how ballet is currently taught and learned; and the effect of this on the class's evolving relation to ballet's repertoire of old and emerging dances as artworks. It notes the increasing importation into ballet pedagogy of thinking rooted in sports science, engendering the notion of the dancer as athlete; and of historic attitudes which downplay the agency of the dancer. I propose an alternative model for understanding the nature of learning in the ballet class, relating it to what Donald Schön calls ‘deviant traditions of education for practice’ in other performing and visual arts ( Schön 1987 p16). I look at the dancer's absorption via the class of ballet's danse d’école, its core technique of academic dance content. I suggest how this process might more constructively be understood through the lens of craft learning and the development of craftsmanship via apprenticeship, the dancer learning alongside the teacher as experienced artist practitioner who models behaviours that foster creativity.

The Changing Nature of Academic Work: Canadian Universities and the Flexible  Firm Model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Krushell
Keyword(s):  
Academic Staff ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Canadian Universities ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Firm Model ◽  
Faculty And Administrators

Though much literature has been produced on the topic of academic restructuring, those works concerned  with the Canadian context have mainly focused on issues of corporate­university linkages, the role of state coordination of public universities, and the disparity between funding and student enrollment. Very little work has been done in documenting or analysing the role of adjunct faculty, who now make up nearly half  the university faculty, in Canadian universities. Statistics Canada has only once collected data on part­time faculty, and only one current analysis of this data has been conducted (Omiecinski, 2003). The Canadian  Association of University Teachers, furthermore, only publishes data concerning full­time faculty  members. The implications of an emerging division between the use of full­time and part­time faculty on  the nature of academic work and the quality of post­secondary education has been yet unexamined. Drawing on labour market segmentation theory, this study presents the multiple ways in which the work of  academic staff in Canadian post­secondary education has conformed to the principles of the flexible firm model, first observed of private business firms in the 1980s by John Atkinson. A series of semi­structured  interviews with academic faculty and administrators, as well as a collection of current secondary source data, informed the basis of this research. It was found that the changing nature of academic work in post­  secondary education is negatively affecting the quality of undergraduate education provided in Canada.

Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation: Role of Endothelium and Potassium Channels

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK M. FARACI ◽  
DONALD D. HEISTAD
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Channels ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Vasoactive Factors ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Intracellular Second Messengers

Faraci, Frank M., and Donald D. Heistad. Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation: Role of Endothelium and Potassium Channels. Physiol. Rev. 78: 53–97, 1998. — Several new concepts have emerged in relation to mechanisms that contribute to regulation of the cerebral circulation. This review focuses on some physiological mechanisms of cerebral vasodilatation and alteration of these mechanisms by disease states. One mechanism involves release of vasoactive factors by the endothelium that affect underlying vascular muscle. These factors include endothelium-derived relaxing factor (nitric oxide), prostacyclin, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor(s). The normal vasodilator influence of endothelium is impaired by some disease states. Under pathophysiological conditions, endothelium may produce potent contracting factors such as endothelin. Another major mechanism of regulation of cerebral vascular tone relates to potassium channels. Activation of potassium channels appears to mediate relaxation of cerebral vessels to diverse stimuli including receptor-mediated agonists, intracellular second messengers, and hypoxia. Endothelial- and potassium channel-based mechanisms are related because several endothelium-derived factors produce relaxation by activation of potassium channels. The influence of potassium channels may be altered by disease states including chronic hypertension, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and diabetes.

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