Formal Education and Aboriginal Children

All children, black or white, learn a lot more outside the classroom than inside it. All normal children, by the time they go to school for the first time, have already learnt to speak their mother tongue, have learnt who they are and where they fit into their family or community, and have learnt a vast range of behaviours which are appropriate (and inappropriate) for members of their culture. They have learnt all these through the informal process of socialization which affects all members of every culture throughout their lives. In traditional Aboriginal society, for example, hunting and food preparation skills, the traditional law, patterns of land ownership and important stories from the past, were all learnt informally in the daily life of the family. Only some sacred knowledge would be transmitted formally in a ceremonial context.

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Sytuacja prawna dzieci w Polsce po 1945 r. Wybrane aspekty z A.S. Makarenką w tle

Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji ◽

10.26881/pwe.2017.39.06 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 69-75

Author(s):

Sylwia Różycka-Jaroś

Keyword(s):

Child Welfare ◽

Corporal Punishment ◽

School Environment ◽

Parental Authority ◽

The Past ◽

Leading Role ◽

The Family ◽

History Of ◽

Legal Position ◽

First Time

The time after 1945 is one of the most important moments in the process of developing children’s rights, because for the first time in the history of Polish legislation the established law had equalized the legal position of all children, abolishing all differences between those who were born in and outside of marriage. The analysis carried out in the text shows that the law established at that time was not only progressive in relation to the past, but it also kept up to date, about which, after the liberal breakthrough of 1989, we do not want to remember. The developed principles of exercising parental authority, with parents’ rights and duties equated, caused the concept of the child welfare to play a leading role in the interpretation of family law. The child welfare has therefore become the basic value that requires priority treatment. It is also important that after 1945 the process of eliminating children’s corporal punishment from the pre-school and school environment, and now also from the family circle, was initiated.

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New species of Compsocidae (Insecta, Psocodea) from Cretaceous Burmese amber

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4320.3.12 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4320 (3) ◽

pp. 597 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

PAVEL SROKA ◽

ANDRÉ NEL

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Late Cretaceous ◽

Fossil Species ◽

Burmese Amber ◽

Diagnostic Characters ◽

The Past ◽

The Family ◽

First Time

A new fossil species of the family Compsocidae, namely Burmacompsocus coniugans sp. nov. is described from Late Cretaceous Burmese amber. Diagnostic characters separating the new species from the previously known representatives of the genus are discussed. Details of mouthparts and genitalia are described for the genus for the first time. The discovery of the new species supports the hypothesis of higher Compsocidae diversity existing in the past compared with the present.

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Pretarsal structures in the family Cydnidae sensu lato (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2545.1.2 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2545 (1) ◽

pp. 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

JERZY A. LIS ◽

DARIUSZ J. ZIAJA

Keyword(s):

The Past ◽

The Family ◽

First Time

New data on the pretarsus in Cydnidae sensu lato are presented; 56 species of 38 genera are studied based on the SEM techniques. Pretarsal structures in Cydnidae s.l. are demonstrated to be not uniform; some are typically pentatomoid, and some are atypical for Pentatomoidea. Structures associated with the unguitractor plate, described for the first time by Weirauch (2005) in Reduviidae, and not reported for Cydnidae s.l. in the past, are described for the first time.

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On the monophyly of subfamily Tectarioideae (Polypodiaceae) and the phylogenetic placement of some associated fern genera

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.164.1.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 164 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

FA-GUO WANG ◽

SAM BARRATT ◽

WILFREDO FALCÓN ◽

MICHAEL F. FAY ◽

SAMULI LEHTONEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Caledonia ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Intergenic Spacer ◽

Plastid Dna ◽

Dna Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Placement ◽

The Past ◽

The Family ◽

The Caribbean ◽

First Time

The fern genus Tectaria has generally been placed in the family Tectariaceae or in subfamily Tectarioideae (placed in Dennstaedtiaceae, Dryopteridaceae or Polypodiaceae), both of which have been variously circumscribed in the past. Here we study for the first time the phylogenetic relationships of the associated genera Hypoderris (endemic to the Caribbean), Cionidium (endemic to New Caledonia) and Pseudotectaria (endemic to Madagascar and Comoros) using DNA sequence data. Based on a broad sampling of 72 species of eupolypods I (= Polypodiaceae sensu lato) and three plastid DNA regions (atpA, rbcL and the trnL-F intergenic spacer) we were able to place the three previously unsampled genera. Our results show that Cionidium, like Ctenitopsis, Fadyenia, Hemigramma and Quercifilix, is embedded in Tectaria, and the monophyly of Tectaria is therefore corroborated only if these segregate genera are included. Hypoderris is sister to Tectaria brauniana and together they are sister to Triplophyllum, which was found to be monophyletic. Despite their morphological similarity with Tectaria, the genera Pleocnemia and Pseudotectaria were placed in Dryopteridoideae. Polypodiaceae subfamily Tectarioideae (former family Tectariaceae) is hereby defined to include Arthropteris, Hypoderris, Pteridrys, Tectaria and Triplophyllum. Aenigmopteris may also belong here, but this genus remains unsampled.

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Psorosa mediterranella (Amsel, 1954) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Phycitinae) – a new species for the Croatian pyraloid moth fauna, with an updated checklist

Natura Croatica ◽

10.20302/nc.2021.30.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 37-52

Author(s):

Danijela Gumhalter ◽

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Species List ◽

The Past ◽

The Family ◽

Nature Park ◽

Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽

Moth Species ◽

First Time ◽

A New Species

From 2016 to 2020 numerous surveys were undertaken to improve the knowledge of the pyraloid moth fauna of Biokovo Nature Park. On August 27th, 2020 one specimen of Psorosa mediterranella (Amsel, 1954) from the family Pyralidae was collected on a small meadow (985 m a.s.l.) on Mt Biokovo. In this paper, the first data about the occurrence of this species in Croatia are presented. The previous mention in the literature for Croatia was considered to be a misidentification of the past and has thus not been included in the checklist of Croatian pyraloid moth species. P. mediterranella was recorded for the first time in Croatia in recent investigations and, after other additions to the checklist have been counted, is the 396th species in the Croatian pyraloid moth fauna. An overview of the overall pyraloid moth fauna of Croatia is given in the updated species list.

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Licornus Roewer, 1932: newly transferred to Ampycinae and first record of the family Gonyleptidae (Opiliones: Laniatores) from Venezuela

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3544.1.6 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3544 (1) ◽

pp. 71 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

OSVALDO VILLARREAL M. ◽

ADRIANO B. KURY

Keyword(s):

First Record ◽

The Past ◽

The Family ◽

First Time ◽

Emended Diagnosis

Licornus tama sp. nov. is described from Táchira State in Venezuelan Andes. This is the first record of real Gonyleptidaefrom this country, although in the past some Venezuelan species, currently placed in other families, have been assigned toGonyleptidae. The genus Licornus Roewer, 1932 had hitherto two species, both endemic to Ecuador. Male genitalmorphology of a species of Licornus is for the first time illustrated and described. Original placement of Licornus in theCranaidae: Cranainae is not supported by morphology of the included species and Licornus is here formally placed in Gonyleptidae: Ampycinae. An emended diagnosis is given to Ampycinae.

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Some pratylenchids from Iran (Nematoda: Tylenchina)

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854100750112806 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 2 (8) ◽

pp. 855-869 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Azizollah Alizadeh ◽

Etienne Geraert ◽

Ebrahim Pourjam

Keyword(s):

Closely Related Species ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Intraspecific Variations ◽

The Family ◽

En Face ◽

Face View ◽

Relationship Of ◽

First Time ◽

Vast Range ◽

Iranian Populations

AbstractIn a survey of the family Pratylenchidae from Iran three known species of the genera Hirschmanniella, Pratylenchoides and Zygotylenchus were found. Their similarities to and differences from closely related species, their distribution and their intraspecific variations are discussed. In some specimens of Zygotylenchus guevarai the spermatheca has numerous cells which may indicate a relationship of this genus with Meloidogyne. In Iranian populations of Pratylenchoides ritteri a vast range of morphological variations was observed. However, the head en-face view was the same for all populations. It seems that the pharyngeal terminal bulb contains more than three nuclei in most specimens. Hirschmanniella anchoryzae and P.ritteri which were studied by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are reported for the first time from Iran. Quelques Pratylenchides d'Iran (Nematoda: Tylenchina) - Lors d'une enquête sur la famille des Pratylenchidae en Iran, trois espèces connues des genres Hirschmanniella, Pratylenchoides et Zygotylenchus ont été trouvées. Leur ressemblances, différences avec les espèces très proches, leur répartition et leur variations intra spécifiques sont discutées. Chez quelques spécimens de Zygotylenchus guevarai, la spermathèque possède des cellules nombreuses, ce qui pourrait indiquer un relation de ce taxon avec le genre Meloidogyne. Chez les populations iraniennes de Pratylenchoides ritteri, une large gamme de variation morphologique a été observée. Cependant, la morphologie de l'extrémité antérieure était identique pour toutes les populations. Il semble que le bulbe pharyngien terminal contienne plus de trois noyaux dans la plupart des spécimens. Hirschmanniella anchoryzae et P.ritteri qui ont été étudiés en microscopie optique (LM) et électronique à balayage (SEM) sont signalés pour la première fois en Iran.

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Describing terminologies and discussing records: More discoveries of facultative vivipary in the genus Hedychium J.Koenig (Zingiberaceae) from Northeast India

PhytoKeys ◽

10.3897/phytokeys.96.23461 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 ◽

pp. 21-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ajith Ashokan ◽

Vinita Gowda

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Strategy ◽

Northeast India ◽

The Past ◽

Ne India ◽

The Family ◽

First Time

The authors introduce the term facultative vivipary for the first time in gingers and elaborate on this reproductive strategy. Four new observations of facultative vivipary are reported in the genus Hedychium which were discovered during botanical explorations by the authors in Northeast India (NE India) over the past three years. The viviparous taxa are H.marginatum C.B.Clarke, H.speciosumvar.gardnerianum (Ker Gawl.) Sanoj & M.Sabu (previously, H.gardnerianum Sheppard ex Ker Gawl.), H.thyrsiforme Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. and H.urophyllum G.Lodd. The authors also attempt to summarise the occurrence of vivipary in the family Zingiberaceae from published reports and to clarify a taxonomic misidentification in a previously known report of vivipary in Hedychiumelatum.

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Genre Features of the Novel Epic in Ossetian Literature: Correlation between Ideological and National-Ethnic

Nauchnyy dialog ◽

10.24224/2227-1295-2020-10-280-296 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (10) ◽

pp. 280-296

Author(s):

I. V. Mamieva

Keyword(s):

The Novel ◽

The Past ◽

Character System ◽

The People ◽

The Family ◽

Russian Literary ◽

Literary Process ◽

The Individual ◽

Ideological Identity ◽

First Time

The specific features of epic narration in the Ossetian novel prose (1940-1960) in the context of the all-Russian literary process are considered. The problem solved in the article is actualized in the light of the conceptual differences that emerged in the post-Soviet era in the interpretation of the essence of the concept of “epic novel”, in the attribution of its genre status. The purpose of the article is to specify the typology of the epic chronotope and character system, to identify the issues of the structural completeness of works. A typological method is used with the use of an axiological approach, which allows us to focus both on the spiritual and content aspect of artistic searches and on the pseudo-scale tendencies in the novel-epic practice of the aforementioned decades. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time, using the example of Ossetian prose, the process of the emergence of a new genre variety in national literatures is investigated. Special attention is paid to the aspects of deactualization of the national-ethnic in the behavioral sphere of characters in favor of sharpening their ideological identity. At the same time, it is shown that in the system of images, in the very poetics of narration, through the ideological sharpening inevitable for time, an orientation toward the foundations of national consciousness, toward the spiritual and historical experience of the people appears. It is concluded that works of an epic type, despite the tangible costs of an ideological and partly aesthetic order, were a new stage in the interpretation of epoch-making events of the past by Ossetian literature in their conjunction with the life of the people, the microcosm of the family and the individual.

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Salvaging the Mother Tongue in Exile

Comparative Critical Studies ◽

10.3366/ccs.2017.0235 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2-3) ◽

pp. 187-204

Author(s):

Tomás Espino Barrera

Keyword(s):

Native Speakers ◽

Mother Tongue ◽

First Language ◽

Language Attrition ◽

The Past ◽

Progressive Loss ◽

First Language Attrition ◽

Lost In Translation ◽

Deliberate Effort ◽

Deep Sense

The dramatic increase in the number of exiles and refugees in the past 100 years has generated a substantial amount of literature written in a second language as well as a heightened sensibility towards the progressive loss of fluency in the mother tongue. Confronted by what modern linguistics has termed ‘first-language attrition’, the writings of numerous exilic translingual authors exhibit a deep sense of trauma which is often expressed through metaphors of illness and death. At the same time, most of these writers make a deliberate effort to preserve what is left from the mother tongue by attempting to increase their exposure to poems, dictionaries or native speakers of the ‘dying’ language. The present paper examines a range of attitudes towards translingualism and first language attrition through the testimonies of several exilic authors and thinkers from different countries (Vladimir Nabokov's Speak, Memory, Hannah Arendt's interviews, Jorge Semprún's Quel beau dimanche! and Autobiografía de Federico Sánchez, and Eva Hoffman's Lost in Translation, among others). Special attention will be paid to the historical frameworks that encourage most of their salvaging operations by infusing the mother tongue with categories of affect and kinship.

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