scholarly journals Generalized data of criteria of risk factors for the use of the drug torasemide from the materials of its preclinical studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Anisimova ◽  
Natalia O. Selizarova ◽  
Grigory A. Plisko ◽  
Evgeny D. Semivelichenko ◽  
Svetlana M. Napalkova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

This study presents the review and analysis of materials, the summary of the data on the results of experimental (preclinical) pharmacological studies of the drug Torasemide and the results of clinical studies of the original drug Demadex, based on risk factors influencing the outcomes of hypertension in people. The information on the efficacy and safety of the drugs based on Torasemide is also presented in the relevant sections of the article. The search for information sources for the review was carried out using domestic and international databases elibrary and PubMed, applying contextual queries, including international non-proprietary names, terms of preclinical studies of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and animal species used. This review considers the aspects of safety, pharmacokinetics, primary and secondary pharmacodynamics of Torasemide, available in various sources describing its preclinical studies. The summarized data presented in the study, in our opinion, may be used by researchers who are engaged in preclinical and clinical studies, as well as the issues of studying the efficacy and safety of generic drugs used in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular pathology. The information on the advantages of Torasemide in comparison with Furosemide in the treatment of animals with simulated arterial hypertension deserves special consideration.

Is Childhood General Anesthesia Exposure An Etiological Contributor to Cognitive Impairment?

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
Yi Tian ◽  
Peiyu Liu ◽  
Weisong Liu ◽  
Qiaojing Xu ◽  
Xiangkun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Immature Brain

General anesthesia is necessary for patients to undergo surgery and invasive procedures. However, numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated widespread developmental neurotoxicity of the commonly used anesthetics and sedatives for the immature brain. Clinical studies also suggest a strong correlation between childhood anesthesia exposure and subsequent behavioral or cognitive impairment in adulthood. These findings have attracted increasing attention of anesthesiologists, pediatricians, and caregivers about the safety of anesthesia exposure in children, especially during early childhood. Herein, the aim of this review was to present the molecular mechanism of general anesthesia and its effects on the developing brain and introduce the recent clinical evidence of changes in cognition function post-childhood general anesthesia exposure. More importantly, some of the spots will be importantly discussed to scrutinize the phenomena; only in this way, it may help minimize or eliminate relevant risk factors.

Selexipag in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Most Updated Evidence From Recent Preclinical and Clinical Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raktim K. Ghosh ◽  
Somedeb Ball ◽  
Avash Das ◽  
Dhrubajyoti Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Samhati Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

scholarly journals Correlation of reference and generic fluconazole-based drugs

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
A. S. Dukhanin
Keyword(s):  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Therapeutic Equivalence ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
State Register ◽  
The Law ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

The article describes the basic rules for the selection of a systemic antifungal drug from the fluconazole-based preparations available on the Russian pharmaceutical market. Questions of interchangeability of generic and original drugs, research of equivalence (pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic), possible methodological difficulties of its estimation are discussed. Data on comparative analysis of original and generic fluconazole drugs are presented. The algorithm of rational choice of a drug on an example of fluconazole is formulated, property of a drug to suppress selectively activity of fungi of genus Candida, not showing hepatotoxic drugs, and also questions of correlation between reference and generic drugs on the basis of fluconazole is considered. The Federal Law “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Circulation of Medicines“ No. 429-FZ (adopted on December 22, 2014 and entered into force on July 1, 2015) regarding the establishment of the procedure for determining the interchangeability of drugs, states: “Information on the interchangeability of drugs shall be included in the State Register of Medicines from January 1, 2018“. The law discloses the notion of interchangeable drugs, which “means a drug with proven therapeutic equivalence or bioequivalence regarding reference drugs, having equivalent qualitative formula and quantitative composition of active substances, formula and method of administration“. However, some definitions used so far in the law have been changed. Thus, instead of the term “original medicine“ the term “reference drug“ is used from July 1, 2015, which is defined as a medicine first registered in the Russian Federation, the quality, efficacy and safety of which has been proved based on the results of preclinical and clinical studies, and which is used to assess the bioequivalence or therapeutic equivalence, quality, efficacy and safety of generic or bioanalogue medicine. However, this article still uses the terms “original“ and “generic“ drugs, which are familiar to our medical community.

Does The Treatment Of Stroke Risk Factors Reduce The Incidence Of Stroke?

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P Conomy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Risk Factor Modification ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process

The answer to the question posed in this title is “yes”, but affirmation is highly qualified. (1) Stroke is not a homogeneous clinical disease state but a dynamic process whose etiologies are manifold. Its causes vary from the commonplace atherothrombotic occlusion of brain arteries and emboli of cardiac origin to rare and complex precipitants. (2) Stroke is not a hemogenous pathologic state. Parenchymal hemorrhage, hemorrhagic infarctions and bland infarctions are very different forms of brain destruction with differing outcomes. The great triumvirate of risk factors in stroke are advanced age, arterial hypertension and heart disease. All of these conditions tend to coexist with the process of atherosclerosis. Hypertension and cardiac disease are potentially amenable to early diagnosis and treatment. In clinical studies, the effective treatment of arterial hypertension is emerging as the clearest evidence that risk factor modification is correllated with a decline in stroke. Therapy for some cardiac diseases constitutes effective stroke prevention as well. Other less direct risk factors for stroke tend to parallel the severity and extent of the atherosclerotic process. These include diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemias and obesity. Therapeutic modification of these factors has debatable influence on the incidence of stroke and may reflect the atherosclerotic process to medical intervention. Some clinical studies have suggested that certain antiplatelet agents postpone stroke and limit TIAs, at least in males. Anticoagulants may prevent TIAs but do not appear to prevent stroke. Surgery has a definable range of risks and clearly demonstrated benefits in properly selected patients in whom it may relieve TIAs and postpone a given stroke. Surgery does not alleviate an individual patient’s overall stroke risk. The process of stroke prevention will remain imperfect until therapies for hypertension and heart disease are accompanied by more effective treatment of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals The Challenges and Effects of Ascorbic Acid Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Gao ◽  
Eric Chong ◽  
Sayali Pendharkar ◽  
Anthony Phillips ◽  
Lu Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP), and ascorbic acid (AA), as an important endogenous antioxidant substance, has been shown to reduce AP severity in preclinical studies. However, the effects of AA supplementation in clinical settings remain controversial.Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS databases were searched, and both preclinical and clinical studies were included. For clinical trials, the primary outcome was incidence of organ failure, and for preclinical studies, the primary outcome was histopathological scores of pancreatic injuries.Results: Meta-analysis of clinical trials showed that compared with controls, AA administration did not reduce the incidence of organ failure or mortality during hospitalization but was associated with significantly reduced length of hospital stay. Meta-analysis of preclinical studies showed that AA supplementation reduced pancreatic injury, demonstrated as decreased histological scores and serum amylase, lipase levels.Conclusion: AA administration has no effect on survival or organ failure in patients with AP but may reduce the length of hospital stay. However, the evidence to date remains sparse, scattered, and of suboptimal quality, making it difficult to draw any firm conclusion on the clinical benefits of AA in AP.

scholarly journals ACTUALIZED INFORMATION ON THE USE OF LEVOCETIRIZINE IN URTICARIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
N G Astafieva ◽  
D Y Kobzev ◽  
I V Gamova ◽  
I A Perfilova ◽  
E N Udovichenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Huge Variety

Urticaria is a widespread disease with various phenotypes, duration and severity of the course, a pronounced effect on the quality of life. Despite the heterogeneity of the disease, a huge variety of provoking triggers, the activation of mast cells is still considered the key link in pathogenesis, and therefore antihistamines of the 2nd generation remain effective and safe drugs for treatment of urticaria. The process of improving antihistamines actively continues, one of the directions is the search for molecules based on the release of more active and safe enantiomers from already known drugs (example: levocetirizine from cetirizine). Information on levocetirizine, the efficacy and safety of which in the treatment of urticaria in both adults and children, has been demonstrated in a number of well-planned randomized controlled clinical trials, as well as in various preclinical studies, due to the accumulation of new data, the advent of generic drugs, and also a new scale for assessing the quality of clinical data in the GRADE system needs to be updated. The present review is devoted to solving this problem.

scholarly journals Association of rs3025058 polymorphism with the development of stroke in patients with cardiovascular pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Nikulina ◽  
V. A. Shulman ◽  
A. A. Chernova ◽  
S. V. Prokopenko ◽  
D. A. Nikulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Siberian Population ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Brachiocephalic Arteries

Aim.To study the association of single-nucleotide polymorphismrs3025058(5а/6а) with the development of stroke in patients of the East Siberian population with cardiovascular pathology and risk factors for its development. Materials and methods.The study involved 260 patients with stroke (age [57.0; 51.062.0]) and 272 patients of the control group (age [55.0; 51.062.0]). Among the patients who underwent stroke, 157 men and 103 women. The control group included 170 men and 102 women. The examination of the main group included: collection of complaints, anamnesis, clinical examination, computed tomography of the brain, electrocardiography, echocardioscopy, ultrasound duplex scanning of the extracranial brachiocephalic arteries, 24-hour monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate, analysis of the blood coagulation system. The patients of the main group had the following cardiovascular pathology and risk factors: arterial hypertension, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis of extracranial brachiocephalic arteries, disorders of the hemostasis system. The control group was examined within the framework of the international project HAPIEE. Molecular genetic research was carried out by real-time PCR. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the Statistica for Windows 7.0, Excel and SPSS 22 application software. Results.The study established statistically significant associations between the 5a/5a genotype and the 5a allele and stroke in the general group of patients, as well as in the subgroup of men, subgroups of patients with extracranial brachiocephalic arteries atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. In the subgroup of patients with cardiac arrhythmias, statistically significant results were obtained only for allele 5a, and in the subgroup of women with stroke, subgroups of patients with arterial hypertension and hypercoagulation, no significant associations ofrs3025058(5a/6a) polymorphism with stroke were found. Conclusion.Genotype 5a/5a and allele 5a of the single-nucleotide polymorphismrs3025058(5а/6а) increase the risk of stroke in individuals from the East Siberian population, including those in the presence of such risk factors as extracranial brachiocephalic arteries atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics in Therapy of Arterial Hypertension

Kardiologiia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Ya. A. Orlova ◽  
N. V. Kurlykina ◽  
E. M. Seredenina
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Clinical Recommendation

The review presents results of clinical studies of efficacy and safety of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension. In this work we have compared the role of diuretics in modern clinical recommendation on control of arterial pressure, and assessed in comparative aspect metabolic effects of thiazide-like diuretics.

scholarly journals Polyphenols—Gut Microbiota Interrelationship: A Transition to a New Generation of Prebiotics

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Diana Plamada ◽  
Dan Cristian Vodnar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Plant Kingdom ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
New Generation

The present review summarizes the studies carried out on this topic in the last five years. According to the new definitions, among all the compounds included in the group of prebiotics, polyphenols are probably the most important secondary metabolites produced by the plant kingdom. Many of these types of polyphenols have low bioavailability, therefore reaching the colon in unaltered form. Once in the colon, these compounds interact with the intestinal microbes bidirectionally by modulating them and, consequently, releasing metabolites. Despite much research on various metabolites, little is known about the chemistry of the metabolic routes used by different bacteria species. In this context, this review aims to investigate the prebiotic effect of polyphenols in preclinical and clinical studies, highlighting that the consumption of polyphenols leads to an increase in beneficial bacteria, as well as an increase in the production of valuable metabolites. In conclusion, there is much evidence in preclinical studies supporting the prebiotic effect of polyphenols, but further clinical studies are needed to investigate this effect in humans.

scholarly journals Repurposing of Metformin as a Multifaceted and Multitasking Preventative and Treatment for Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Chang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Metformin is a cornerstone treatment of diabetes mellitus. Since 2005 when it has been first reported to reduce the risk of cancer in diabetics, a large number of preclinical and clinical studies have implicated its potential role as a preventative and adjunct therapy for a broad range of cancers. Whereas preclinical studies demonstrate its actions on a multitude of molecular pathways involving nearly all aspects of cancer development including metabolism, angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, immunity, epigenetics, inflammation and crosstalk with the microbiome, other studies demonstrate its synergism with a range of anticancer modalities including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Furthermore, an increasing number of clinical studies not only confirm its preventative properties against cancers but have extended its potential for a possible adjunctive role in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, maintenance and salvage therapies of cancer. This article intends to summarize the basic science that allows us to understand the complex multiple mechanisms of action of this remarkable multitasking molecule as well as review the recent meta-analyses that have summarized the clinical studies assessing the therapeutic efficacy of metformin for various cancers.

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