scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury, Aging and Reaction Time

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Stuss ◽  
L.L. Stethem ◽  
T.W. Picton ◽  
E.E. Leech ◽  
G. Pelchat
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Redundant Information ◽  
Complex Reaction ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Simple Rt

ABSTRACT:The effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and aging were compared on tests of simple and complex reaction time (RT). Simple RT was not significantly affected by aging or TBI. TBI patients, however, tended to be slower on Simple RT tasks, and had a larger standard deviation. Individuals over age 60 and patients of any age with TBI demonstrated slower RT with choice RT tests. In addition, both groups (those over 60 and TBI patients) were less able than other groups to inhibit the processing of redundant information. For the TBI patients, this occurred primarily on reassessment. These results suggest that the deficit in both aging and TBI is not only a generalized neuronal slowing but a more specific impairment in attentional control processes, exhibited as a deficit in focused attention.

Intelligibility and Nonspeech Orofacial Strength and Force Control Following Traumatic Brain Injury

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica A. McHenry ◽  
John T. Minton ◽  
Robin L. Wilson ◽  
Yolanda V. Post
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Static Force ◽  
Force Level ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip

Objective measures of nonspeech orofacial strength and force control were obtained for 20 individuals with traumatic brain injury. The dynamic and static force generating abilities of the upper lip, lower lip, tongue, and jaw were assessed. Based on sentence intelligibility scores, the subjects were divided into two groups, more and less intelligible. Force measures included reaction time, slope, derivative, peak overshoot, and first- and second-half mean hold and standard deviation. Groups differed only in the ability to sustain the 2 N force level with the tongue. Other potential contributors to the differences in intelligibility are discussed.

Attentional Control Ten Years Post-Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury: The Impact of Lesion Presence, Location, and Severity in Adolescence and Early Adulthood

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 713-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine M. Cooper ◽  
Cathy Catroppa ◽  
Miriam H. Beauchamp ◽  
Serem Eren ◽  
Celia Godfrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
The Impact

Stratifying drug treatment of cognitive impairments after traumatic brain injury using neuroimaging

Brain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
pp. 2367-2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter O Jenkins ◽  
Sara De Simoni ◽  
Niall J Bourke ◽  
Jessica Fleminger ◽  
Gregory Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Dopaminergic Drugs ◽  
Median Change

Abstract Cognitive impairment is common following traumatic brain injury. Dopaminergic drugs can enhance cognition after traumatic brain injury, but individual responses are highly variable. This may be due to variability in dopaminergic damage between patients. We investigate whether measuring dopamine transporter levels using 123I-ioflupane single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) predicts response to methylphenidate, a stimulant with dopaminergic effects. Forty patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury and cognitive impairments completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. 123I-ioflupane SPECT, MRI and neuropsychological testing were performed. Patients received 0.3 mg/kg of methylphenidate or placebo twice a day in 2-week blocks. Subjects received neuropsychological assessment after each block and completed daily home cognitive testing during the trial. The primary outcome measure was change in choice reaction time produced by methylphenidate and its relationship to stratification of patients into groups with normal and low dopamine transporter binding in the caudate. Overall, traumatic brain injury patients showed slow information processing speed. Patients with low caudate dopamine transporter binding showed improvement in response times with methylphenidate compared to placebo [median change = −16 ms; 95% confidence interval (CI): −28 to −3 ms; P = 0.02]. This represents a 27% improvement in the slowing produced by traumatic brain injury. Patients with normal dopamine transporter binding did not improve. Daily home-based choice reaction time results supported this: the low dopamine transporter group improved (median change −19 ms; 95% CI: −23 to −7 ms; P = 0.002) with no change in the normal dopamine transporter group (P = 0.50). The low dopamine transporter group also improved on self-reported and caregiver apathy assessments (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). Both groups reported improvements in fatigue (P = 0.03 and P = 0.007). The cognitive effects of methylphenidate after traumatic brain injury were only seen in patients with low caudate dopamine transporter levels. This shows that identifying patients with a hypodopaminergic state after traumatic brain injury can help stratify the choice of cognitive enhancing therapy.

Is Computerized Cognitive Testing Useful in Children and Adolescents with Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vickie Plourde ◽  
Brian L. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Tbi

AbstractObjectives: Children and adolescents with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) present with short and long-term neuropsychological deficits following their injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of a brief computerized test battery for evaluating cognitive functioning sub-acutely following a TBI. Methods: Participants (n=33) sustained a moderate-to-severe TBI, were between 8 and 18 years old, and were assessed using CNS Vital Signs (CNSVS) within 6 months post-injury (median=0.6 month). Participants with TBI were matched to 33 healthy controls based on age, sex, and handedness to compare their cognitive functioning on the CNSVS battery. Results: Children and adolescents with moderate-to-severe TBI had significantly lower scores and large effect sizes on Reaction Time, Complex Attention, and Cognitive Flexibility domains, as well as medium effect sizes on two Visual Memory test scores and one Psychomotor Speed test score. A significantly higher percentage of participants with TBI had cognitive impairment on Reaction Time domain score compared to the control group. Finally, CNSVS domain scores correctly categorized 76% of participants as either group with TBI or control group. Conclusions: CNSVS may be a useful tool for screening cognitive abilities in children and adolescents who are early in their recovery from a moderate-to-severe TBI, particularly when a rapid screening evaluation can help guide management, interventions, and track recovery. (JINS, 2017, 23, 304–313)

Do lesion site and severity predict deficits in attentional control after preschool traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

Brain Injury ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarah Power ◽  
Cathy Catroppa ◽  
Lee Coleman ◽  
Michael Ditchfield ◽  
Vicki Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Lesion Site
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