Public Asylum Reports for 1873

1874 ◽  
Vol 20 (91) ◽  
pp. 464-471

Newcastle-on-Tyne.—Ninth Annual Report.—Mr. Wickham enters into the following defence of Australian tinned meats, which they, perhaps, hardly required:—“The Australian tinned meats, which are now freely used, at first met with much opposition, and, even now, a few of the more ill-humoured patients object to them. To some of the better disposed ones the flavour is at first a little disagreeable, but the same may be said of fairly intelligent people outside, and they are so very few here that it is impossible to consider them in the arrangement of a diet table. As for its nutritious qualities, I have only to say that the patients eating it (excluding those suffering from wasting diseases) gain, or at least retain, their weight. The recovery rate for the three years I have held office has been 45 9 per cent. as against 33 5 per cent. during the previous five years, and the death rate has been steadily decreasing, while the necessity for ordering extras for the sick is reduced to the very lowest minimum. The Australian meat has been largely used during that time, and, though I do not wish to ascribe these satisfactory results to its agency, it must be apparent that it has not interfered with the primary objects of the institution.”

1874 ◽  
Vol 20 (91) ◽  
pp. 464-471

Newcastle-on-Tyne.—Ninth Annual Report.—Mr. Wickham enters into the following defence of Australian tinned meats, which they, perhaps, hardly required:—“The Australian tinned meats, which are now freely used, at first met with much opposition, and, even now, a few of the more ill-humoured patients object to them. To some of the better disposed ones the flavour is at first a little disagreeable, but the same may be said of fairly intelligent people outside, and they are so very few here that it is impossible to consider them in the arrangement of a diet table. As for its nutritious qualities, I have only to say that the patients eating it (excluding those suffering from wasting diseases) gain, or at least retain, their weight. The recovery rate for the three years I have held office has been 45 9 per cent. as against 33 5 per cent. during the previous five years, and the death rate has been steadily decreasing, while the necessity for ordering extras for the sick is reduced to the very lowest minimum. The Australian meat has been largely used during that time, and, though I do not wish to ascribe these satisfactory results to its agency, it must be apparent that it has not interfered with the primary objects of the institution.”


Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Olaniyi Iyiola ◽  
Bismark Oduro ◽  
Trevor Zabilowicz ◽  
Bose Iyiola ◽  
Daniel Kenes

The emergence of the COVID-19 outbreak has caused a pandemic situation in over 210 countries. Controlling the spread of this disease has proven difficult despite several resources employed. Millions of hospitalizations and deaths have been observed, with thousands of cases occurring daily with many measures in place. Due to the complex nature of COVID-19, we proposed a system of time-fractional equations to better understand the transmission of the disease. Non-locality in the model has made fractional differential equations appropriate for modeling. Solving these types of models is computationally demanding. Our proposed generalized compartmental COVID-19 model incorporates effective contact rate, transition rate, quarantine rate, disease-induced death rate, natural death rate, natural recovery rate, and recovery rate of quarantine infected for a holistic study of the coronavirus disease. A detailed analysis of the proposed model is carried out, including the existence and uniqueness of solutions, local and global stability analysis of the disease-free equilibrium (symmetry), and sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, numerical solutions of the proposed model are obtained with the generalized Adam–Bashforth–Moulton method developed for the fractional-order model. Our analysis and solutions profile show that each of these incorporated parameters is very important in controlling the spread of COVID-19. Based on the results with different fractional-order, we observe that there seems to be a third or even fourth wave of the spike in cases of COVID-19, which is currently occurring in many countries.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Alexander Okhuese

AbstractWith sensitivity of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test used to detect the presence of the virus in the human host, the global health community has been able to record a great number of recovered population. Therefore, in a bid to answer a burning question of reinfection in the recovered class, the model equations which exhibits the disease-free equilibrium (E0) state for COVID-19 coronavirus was developed in this study and was discovered to both exist as well as satisfy the criteria for a locally or globally asymptotic stability with a basic reproductive number R0 = 0 for and endemic situation. Hence, there is a chance of no secondary reinfections from the recovered population as the rate of incidence of the recovered population vanishes, that is, B = 0.Furthermore, numerical simulations were carried to complement the analytical results in investigating the effect of the implementation of quarantine and observatory procedures has on the projection of the further spread of the virus globally. Result shows that the proportion of infected population in the absence of curative vaccination will continue to grow globally meanwhile the recovery rate will continue slowly which therefore means that the ratio of infection to recovery rate will determine the death rate that is recorded globally and most significant for this study is the rate of reinfection by the recovered population which will decline to zero over time as the virus is cleared clinically from the system of the recovered class.


2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. S. Khan ◽  
F. Van Bussel ◽  
F. Hussain

Abstract A compartmental model is proposed to predict the coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) spread. It considers: detected and undetected infected populations, social sequestration, release from sequestration, plus reinfection. This model, consisting of seven coupled equations, has eight coefficients which are evaluated by fitting data for eight US states that make up 43% of the US population. The evolution of Covid-19 is fairly similar among the states: variations in contact and undetected recovery rates remain below 5%; however, variations are larger in recovery rate, death rate, reinfection rate, sequestration adherence and release rate from sequestration. Projections based on the current situation indicate that Covid-19 will become endemic. If lockdowns had been kept in place, the number of deaths would most likely have been significantly lower in states that opened up. Additionally, we predict that decreasing contact rate by 10%, or increasing testing by approximately 15%, or doubling lockdown compliance (from the current ~15% to ~30%) will eradicate infections in Texas within a year. Extending our fits for all of the US states, we predict about 11 million total infections (including undetected), and 8 million cumulative confirmed cases by 1 November 2020.


1870 ◽  
Vol 16 (75) ◽  
pp. 426-437
Author(s):  
T. S. C.

The number of persons in Great Britain registered as insane is now 62,023. Of these 54,713 are English and 7,310 Scotch. Ten years ago the numbers were 39,647 and 6,251, or 45,898 in all. An increase of 16,125 lunatics in ten years in this country is a most noteworthy fact. It has hitherto received no thoroughly satisfactory explanation. We can conceive of no question the solution of which would be more interesting medically, socially, and economically. It is to be earnestly hoped that the Commissioners in Lunacy will soon attempt it. They alone have the materials for working it out. They have already put forward partial explanations, or rather theories, supported by a certain amount of fact. But the subject in all its bearings is still in want of a satisfactory handling. All the facts and figures that bear on (1st) the cases registered as insane for the first time each year, (2nd) the mortality among the insane, (3rd) their mode of accommodation and treatment in each district from year to year, and (4th) the cases left as insane at the end of each year, would require to be ascertained and carefully considered before a true conclusion could be arrived at. Under the first heading a comparison of the numbers of well marked cases of the different varieties of recent insanity occurring each year would require to be made. And all the truth could not be got until a similar comparison of the varieties of chronic cases for the first time registered as insane each year was made, and also an attempt to discover the original forms of their insanity, the treatment to which they had been subjected, and its influence on their malady. Under the second heading, the death rate in each variety of insanity under the different kinds of treatment and distribution, the prospects of life and “natural termination” of the chronic cases, would have to be studied and compared with the numbers of new cases registered each year, and with the death rate and rapidity of increase of the population at large. The third point referred to would enable corrections to be made for certain counties in which changes in the accommodation for the insane had been made, and then all the preceding vital statistics applied to the figures under the fourth heading would bring out the whole truth in regard to the subject. In the Scotch report there is a new and able effort to take the question of age into account in dealing with the vital statistics of the insane; but unfortunately the chief value of the facts are not brought out, by not comparing them with the returns of the Registrar-General in regard to the numbers of the general population of different ages.


1924 ◽  
Vol 70 (290) ◽  
pp. 380-410
Author(s):  
John Warnock

This completes a résumé of the chief changes made in twenty-eight years. It was an unsuccessful attempt to manage a high admission-rate, no longer considerably helped by a high death-rate, in establishments not sufficient to deal with even a quarter of the admissions. Persistent overcrowding only palliated the excessive discharge of patients, and produced great difficulties in administration. The occupation of the dining rooms and corridors by beds prevented ordinary convenience. A high accident-rate and a low recovery-rate were inevitable results of the overcrowding. We were often forced to admit over a thousand cases a year, and to discharge as many, less the number of deaths. Meanwhile these discharged cases committed crimes, and we were continually incurring criticism for our actions. Whenever an extension of accommodation was granted, it was so small, and it took so long to provide, that on its completion it was swamped at once, and the overcrowding was but little relieved. Besides managing the Hospital, one had to besiege the authorities for funds for buildings, in season and out of season, and to take every opportunity to interest them in the work, and educate them as toits importance. The lack of beds for the insane in Egypt remains grave, while in England there are 8,663 vacancies (vide Blue Book for 1922). In twenty-eight years the number of beds for the insane in Egypt has risen from 300 to 1,841. Thus there are now 14 beds to every 100,000 of population. Compare 250 in England, and 3 in India to every 100,000. It is still seldom possible in Egypt to treat curable cases until their recovery; thus 527 uncured cases were discharged in 1922, and still only the dangerous and unmanageable can claim hospital treatment.


1957 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry I. Kohn ◽  
Robert F. Kallman
Keyword(s):  

1878 ◽  
Vol 24 (105) ◽  
pp. 117-118
Keyword(s):  

Mr. James Maclaren has, in the Annual Report of the Stirling District Asylum for 1876, brought into use a novelty in such documents, viz., charts, for showing at a glance the monthly admission, discharges, and death-rate.


1957 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry I. Kohn ◽  
Robert F. Kallman
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
pp. 363-379
Author(s):  
Mili Priya ◽  
Anshuman Kumar Singh ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Robin Kumar ◽  
Krishnakant Chaubey

Covid-19 is one of the biggest challenges that the world has faced ever especially for countries like India which is having the second-highest population in the world. The Larger population plays the role of a catalyst for the expansion of the Covid-19 virus as maintaining necessary physical distance becomes quite difficult in these areas. In this Paper, the spread of Covid-19 has been analyzed in densely populated five states and one union territory of India i.e. Uttar-Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Tamilnadu, and Delhi. Along with symptoms of serious and mild Covid-19 patients, the general precautions that need to be taken by patients during quarantine days have been also discussed. The spread of Covid-19 has been analyzed based on per day change in three parameters i.e. Active Case Rate (ACR), Recovery Rate (RR), and Death Rate (DR). All these parameters have been calculated from the data available at https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/bulletinn.aspxand the analysis has been performed on approximately six-month data taken from June to November 2020. Based on the above calculation, the peak of Covid-19, as well as variation in the Active Case Rate, Recovery Rate, and Death Rate in the respective states/union territory, has been summarized in this study.


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