1. On New and Little-known Fossil Fishes from the Edinburgh District. No. III

1878 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 427-444
Author(s):  
R. H. Traquair
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Point ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Peculiar Form ◽  
General Appearance

Elonichthys ovatus, sp. nov. Traquair.Of this I have only seen one specimen, from the limestone of Burdiehouse, and preserved in the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art.Description.—Allowing for the anterior part of the head, which is deficient, the entire length of the specimen to the extreme point of the upper lobe of the caudal fin would be about 5⅝ inches; the greatest depth of the body in front of the dorsal fin is 1½ inch. The distance from the origin of the pectoral fin to that of the ventral is a little over 1 inch, to opposite the commencement of the dorsal 1¼ inch, to opposite that of the anal 1½ inch, and to opposite that of the lower lobe of the caudal nearly 3 inches. The general form of the fish is thus remarkably short, deep, and ovoid, and its general appearance does not indicate that its peculiar form is due to post mortem distortion or change.

scholarly journals Architecture and functional morphology of the skeletal apparatus of ozarkodinid conodonts

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1361) ◽  
pp. 1545-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Purnell ◽  
Philip C. J. Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Feeding Apparatus ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Anterior Edge

Ozarkodinid conodonts were one of the most successful groups of agnathan vertebrates. Only the oropharyngeal feeding apparatus of conodonts was mineralized, and the skeletal elements were generally disarticulated on the death and decay of the body. Occasionally, however, they were preserved in association as ‘natural assemblages’, fossilized in situ after post–mortem collapse of the apparatus. From analysis of element arrangement in natural assemblages of Idiognathodus from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois we have produced a precise scale model of the feeding apparatus of ozarkodinid conodonts. At the front lay an axial Sa element, flanked by two groups of four close-set elongate Sb and Sc elements which were inclined obliquely inwards and forwards; above these elements lay a pair of arched and inward pointing M elements. Behind the S-M array lay transversely oriented and bilaterally opposed Pb and Pa elements. Our model sheds new light on food acquisition in conodonts. We propose that the anterior S and M elements of ozarkodinid conodonts were attached to cartilaginous plates. In order for the animal to feed, these plates were first everted, and then drawn back and upward over the anterior edge of an underlying cartilage. These movements produced a highly effective grasping action, the cusps and denticles of the elements converging to grab and impale any food item that lay anterior to the open array. According to this hypothesis, the anterior part of the conodont apparatus is comparable to, and possibly homologous with, the lingual apparatus of extant agnathans; the elements themselves, however, have no direct homologues.

II.—New Palæoniscidæ from the English Coal-Measures

1888 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Traquair
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Coal Measures

Of this I have seen only two specimens. One of them, slightly longer than the other, measures 3½ inches in length up to the commencement of the caudal fin, which is deficient in both; the greatest depth of the body ½½ inch, the length of the head nearly the same. The dorsal fin is opposite the interval between the ventral and the anal; both dorsal and anal are triangular acuminate in shape, with delicate rays which at first are somewhat distantly articulated, the joints being ornamented with one or two longitudinal sulci. The pectorals are not seen in either specimen, but the smaller of the two shows a well-preserved ventral, which is pretty large, and acuminate in shape.

Pelvicachromis signatus and Pelvicachromis rubrolabiatus, two new cichlid species (Teleostei, Perciformes) from Guinea, West Africa

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 454 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTON LAMBOJ
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Cichlid Species ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
Vertical Bars

Pelvicachromis rubrolabiatus and P. signatus are described from Guinea. They differ from other members of Pelvicachromis, except P. humilis, in having two contiguous tubular infraorbital ossicles instead of three with a gap between the 2 nd and 3 rd and in displaying a color pattern of seven to eight dark vertical bars during certain behavioral situations. Pelvicachromis rubrolabiatus differs from P. humilis and P. signatus in having seven instead of eight vertical bars on the body and from P. signatus in having a lesser preorbital depth. Pelvicachromis signatus differs from P. humilis in the presence of characteristic black markings in the dorsal and caudal fin of males, a black spot on the caudal peduncle of females and occasionally one or two black spots in the female s dorsal fin.

Locomotor function of the dorsal fin in teleost fishes: experimental analysis of wake forces in sunfish

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (17) ◽  
pp. 2943-2958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliot G. Drucker ◽  
George V. Lauder
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Dorsal Fin

SUMMARYA key evolutionary transformation of the locomotor system of ray-finned fishes is the morphological elaboration of the dorsal fin. Within Teleostei, the dorsal fin primitively is a single midline structure supported by soft, flexible fin rays. In its derived condition, the fin is made up of two anatomically distinct portions: an anterior section supported by spines, and a posterior section that is soft-rayed. We have a very limited understanding of the functional significance of this evolutionary variation in dorsal fin design. To initiate empirical hydrodynamic study of dorsal fin function in teleost fishes, we analyzed the wake created by the soft dorsal fin of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) during both steady swimming and unsteady turning maneuvers. Digital particle image velocimetry was used to visualize wake structures and to calculate in vivo locomotor forces. Study of the vortices generated simultaneously by the soft dorsal and caudal fins during locomotion allowed experimental characterization of median-fin wake interactions.During high-speed swimming (i.e. above the gait transition from pectoral- to median-fin locomotion), the soft dorsal fin undergoes regular oscillatory motion which, in comparison with analogous movement by the tail, is phase-advanced (by 30% of the cycle period) and of lower sweep amplitude (by 1.0cm). Undulations of the soft dorsal fin during steady swimming at 1.1bodylengths−1 generate a reverse von Kármán vortex street wake that contributes 12% of total thrust. During low-speed turns, the soft dorsal fin produces discrete pairs of counterrotating vortices with a central region of high-velocity jet flow. This vortex wake, generated in the latter stage of the turn and posterior to the center of mass of the body, counteracts torque generated earlier in the turn by the anteriorly positioned pectoral fins and thereby corrects the heading of the fish as it begins to translate forward away from the turning stimulus. One-third of the laterally directed fluid force measured during turning is developed by the soft dorsal fin. For steady swimming, we present empirical evidence that vortex structures generated by the soft dorsal fin upstream can constructively interact with those produced by the caudal fin downstream. Reinforcement of circulation around the tail through interception of the dorsal fin’s vortices is proposed as a mechanism for augmenting wake energy and enhancing thrust.Swimming in fishes involves the partitioning of locomotor force among several independent fin systems. Coordinated use of the pectoral fins, caudal fin and soft dorsal fin to increase wake momentum, as documented for L. macrochirus, highlights the ability of teleost fishes to employ multiple propulsors simultaneously for controlling complex swimming behaviors.

Schistura madhavai, a new species of hill-stream loach from Sri Lanka, with redescription of S. notostigma (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4311 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIRANYA SUDASINGHE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pairwise Distance ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Line Ending ◽  
Pelvic Fin

Schistura madhavai, new species, is described from Suriyakanda, Sri Lanka. It is distinguished from all other species of Schistura in the peninsula of India and Sri Lanka by the combination of the following characters: 8–9 wide, brown postdorsal bars separated by narrow, white interspaces; width of interspaces ¼–⅓ times width of bars; black bar at caudal-fin base wider than interspaces on the body; incomplete lateral line, ending beneath dorsal-fin base; absence of an axillary pelvic lobe; adpressed pelvic fin just reaching anus; origin of the pelvic fin on a vertical through the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray. Schistura notostigma, the only other Sri Lankan species of Schistura, is redescribed. It can be distinguished from all other species of Schistura in the peninsula of India and Sri Lanka by the combination of the following characters: 6–7 wide, brown postdorsal bars; width of interspaces ½–1 times width of bars; complete, black bar at caudal-fin base narrower than width of interspaces between bars on body; emarginate caudal fin; incomplete lateral line ending beneath dorsal-fin base; adpressed pelvic fin surpassing anus; and origin of pelvic fin beneath first branched dorsal-fin ray. Schistura madhavai is separated from S. notostigma by an uncorrected pairwise distance of 3.0–3.8% for the 16S rRNA gene fragment. 

Branchiostegus biendong, a New Tilefish from Vietnam (Perciformes: Branchiostegidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4661 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
WATARU HIRAMATSU ◽  
CHU TIEN VINH ◽  
HIROMITSU ENDO
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Ventral Margin ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Black Blotch ◽  
Sea Coast

A new tilefish, Branchiostegus biendong, is described on the basis of three specimens (181–209 mm in standard length [SL]) collected from a local fish market of Quy Nhon on the South China Sea coast of central Vietnam. It can be distinguished from 17 congeners in having the following combination of characters: six diagonal scale rows exposed on cheek; cheek scales moderately large (diameter 2.2–2.5% SL); predorsal ridge black; cheek almost silver with an oval-shaped, yellow blotch along ventral margin of eye; dorsal fin translucent yellowish with narrow black margin overlapping stronger yellowish coloration dorsally; upper lobe of caudal fin with 5–6 yellow stripes and tip with black blotch; and lower lobe of caudal fin navy blue. A key to five species of Branchiostegus from Vietnamese waters is provided.

A new Schistura from an upper Mekong affluent in Yunnan (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4341 (4) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
MARCO ENDRUWEIT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Deep Body ◽  
Pelvic Fin

Schistura stala, new species, is described from the Mekong drainage in Dali, Yunnan Province, China. The new species is readily distinguished from congeners in the upper Mekong and adjacent drainages by having the caudal-fin bar reduced, stretching over the median ⅓ of the fin base. The species can be further diagnosed by a deep body; a short caudal fin, head and pelvic fin; 38 vertebrae modally; 9–12 faint irregular flank bars, that are often anastomotic or dissolved; and few scales scattered on the anterior part of the body. 

Site specificity of Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 (Monogenea) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the River Lakselva, northern Norway

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Johan Jensen ◽  
Bjørn Ove Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Site Specificity ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Site specificity of Gyrodactylus salaris on 853 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr infected with 1 – 10 625 parasites was studied in the River Lakselva in northern Norway. At low intensities (< 100), the dorsal fin was the principal site of attachment, followed by the pectoral and anal fins. However, the distribution of parasites on the fish, and their crowding, varied with infection intensity. When the intensity increased to more than 100, more parasites were located on the caudal fin, and when it exceeded 1000, the body of the fish was also heavily infected.

scholarly journals Occurrence of the genus Amblyceps Blyth (Teleostei: Amblycipitidae) from the Indo-Bhutan streams of the Brahmaputra drainage of Assam, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Sewali Pathak ◽  
Mrigendra M. Goswami ◽  
Nripendra Nath Sarma
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Eye Diameter ◽  
Orbital Space ◽  
Adipose Fin ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
General Appearance

Three species of the genus Amblyceps, namely, A. apangi, A. arunachalensis, A. mangois are described from Kanamakra and Langkhar (26°45′0″ ̶ 26°48′0″N and 90°35′0″ ̶ 90°40′0″E) hill streams of Chirang district of Assam. The torrent catfishes are distinguished within the genera on the basis of their general appearance of the body and the caudal fin structure, adipose fin, eye diameter, inter-orbital space, fold on lip and number of vertebrae. The caudal peduncle height for A. apangi (12.36 ̶ 12.73% SL), A. mangois (14.25 ̶ 15.36% SL) and A. arunachalensis(10.01 ̶ 11.42% SL), caudal peduncle length for A. apangi (20.29 ̶ 20.87% SL), A. arunachalensis (22.00 ̶ 22.11% SL) and A. mangois (19.09 ̶ 19.31% SL) and other taxonomic details of the congeners with their distributional status are discussed.

Phenacorhamdia cabocla, a new heptapterid from the Parnaíba River basin, Northeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4402 (2) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
YURI GOMES PONCE DE CARVALHO ROCHA ◽  
TELTON PEDRO ANSELMO RAMOS ◽  
ROBSON TAMAR DA COSTA RAMOS
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Neural Spine ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
First Ray ◽  
Adipose Fin

Phenacorhamdia Dahl, 1961 comprises 11 valid species of small demersal and solitary catfishes which occur mainly along riverbeds and are widely distributed throughout rivers of South America. The genus is included within the Nemuroglanis subclade, and species of Phenacorhamdia can be separated from other heptapterid catfishes through external and internal characters. Diagnostic characters include a prognathous mouth, first ray of dorsal and pectoral fins flexible, eight or nine branched rays in the lower lobe of caudal fin, and optic foramen reduced. A new species of Phenacorhamdia is described herein from the upper Parnaíba river basin. Phenacorhamdia cabocla sp. nov is distinct from its congeners by: total vertebrae 44, nine of which with pleural ribs; bifid neural spines until vertebrae 13; last precaudal vertebrae lacking pleural ribs; 7–8 branchiostegal rays; pectoral-fin rays i+6; first pterygiophore of dorsal-fin associated to the neural spine of twelfth vertebrae; dorsal-fin pterygiophores associated to vertebrae 12 to 16; anal-fin with nine branched and 3–4 unbranched rays; upper and lower lobes of caudal fin with 8–9 branched rays each; adipose fin corresponding to 14.9%–18.1% of standard length; and snout length corresponding to 30.0%–35.9% of head length.  

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