Laboratory Notes by Professor Tait b. Determination of the Surface-Tension of Liquids by the Ripples produced by a Tuning-Fork

1875 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 485-485
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Simple Waves ◽  
Image Position

A slight modification of a formula given by Sir W. Thomson (Phil. Mag. ii. 1871), shows that the period (t) of oscillation of a particle in a deep mass of liquid agitated by simple waves or ripples iswhere λ is the wave-length, T the surface-tension, and ρ the density of the liquid. By producing, with the aid of a massive tuning-fork, steady ripples in various liquids all subjected to the same conditions, and measuring micrometrically the length of these ripples, the quantity T is determined with considerable accuracy from the above formula.

scholarly journals On the surface-tension of liquids investigated by the method of jet vibration

1907 ◽  
Vol 80 (535) ◽  
pp. 26-27 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Standing Waves ◽  
Exact Determination ◽  
Relative Measurements

1. According to Lord Rayleigh’s theory of jet-vibrations, measurement of the length of the standing waves and the velocity and cross-section of a jet, together with the density of the liquid, affords the necessary constants for the calculation of the surface-tension. Notwithstanding the great fundamental advantages of this method, it has only been used in very few cases, and only for relative measurements of the surface-tension. The explanation hereof is to be found in the great difficulties connected with the adequate exact determination of the wave-length, and cross-section or velocity of the jet. As none of the methods in use for the measurement of these quantities could be taken as satisfactory, the main object of this investigation has been to work out really good methods for them.

scholarly journals The Determination of Surface-Tension by the Measurement of Ripples

1891 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Michie Smith
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Set Up

Professor Tait has shown that accurate determinations of surface-tensions would be obtained if we could measure the rate of propagation of ripples set up by the vibration of a tuning-fork of known pitch.

TRANSMISSION OF LIGHT BY WATER DROPS 1 TO 5 μ IN DIAMETER

1944 ◽  
Vol 22a (3) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ruedy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Propagation Of Light ◽  
Water Drops

The size of the drops formed when water vapour condenses is related to the work performed against the surface tension. For the determination of the size by optical methods, Mie's solution of the electromagnetic equations for the propagation of light of wave-length λ in a medium containing small spherical drops of radius a indicates that as the ratio α = 2πa/λ increases from 0 to 20, the intensity of the light received in the prolongation of the incident beam passes alternately through maximum and minimum values. At distances from the drops greatly exceeding λ, the first maximum lies close to α = 2π, the second is near α = 8.6, and the subsequent peaks are less distinct and tend to repeat themselves at α = (m + 3/4)π. As a result of these fluctuations the light seen through a cloud of particles with diameters greater than about 1 μ is coloured. The theory accounts for the cycles in the changes of colour observed when the diameter increases, and enables a determination of the radius of growing drops. With increasing radius, the influence of the index of refraction m decreases; for m = ∞ the positions and values of the peaks differ only slightly from those obtained with water.

Automation of selected brazes' dynamic properties in high-temperatures' measurement process

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Dominik Sankowski ◽  
Marcin Bakala ◽  
Rafał Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
Joining Process ◽  
Wetting Force ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract The good quality of several manufactured components frequently depends on solidliquid interactions existing during processing. Nowadays, the research in material engineering focuses also on modern, automatic measurement methods of joining process properties, i.a. wetting force and surface tension, which allows for quantitative determination of above mentioned parameters. In the paper, the brazes’ dynamic properties in high-temperatures’ measurement methodology and the stand for automatic determination of braze’s properties, constructed and implmented within the research grant nr KBN N N519 441 839 - An integrated platform for automatic measurement of wettability and surface tension of solders at high temperatures, are widely described

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