An Historical Review of the Ex-Meridian Problem

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
The Sun ◽  
History Of

The method of finding the latitude of a ship at sea from an observation of the Sun or other body near the meridian is practised extensively in the Merchant Navy. The history of the method, which dates from the middle of the eighteenth century, is full of interest: and the ex-meridian problem is almost as celebrated in the history of nautical astronomy as the double altitude problem. Considerable attention was devoted to the ex-meridian problem during the last century—a period which was, in truth, the golden age of astronomical navigation. Many ingenious solutions were contrived and a diversity of ex-meridian tables were constructed, all aimed at facilitating the problem of finding latitude at sea.

History of Azerbaijani carpets with classical composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Nigar Səfxan qızı Məhərrəmova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Color Palette ◽  
Miniature Painting ◽  
History Of

The article provides information about the historical review of Azerbaijani carpets and examines its stages. The 16th century is characterized as the Golden Age of Azerbaijani history and culture. The carpet weaving of that time combined the subtlety and wonder of miniature painting, the decorative-plan solution of traditional motifs, a magnificent color palette reflecting all the colors and diversity of nature. Key words: carpet, pattern, color, Islam, miniature painting, sufism, seljuk, component

James Bradley and the eighteenth Century 'Gap' in attempts to measure annual stellar parallax

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Important Implication ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Absolute Measurement ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Precision Measurements ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Wrong Direction ◽  
History Of

When, in 1728, James Bradley wrote to Edmund Halley of his ‘new discovered motion of the fixed stars’ (1) Bradley pointed out an important implication of his work for the problem of the detection of the annual parallax of the stars. In conclusion he wrote thus (2): I believe I may venture to say, that in either of the two stars last mentioned [the annual parallax] does not amount to 2". I am of opinion, that if it were 1". I should have perceived it in the great number of observations that I made, especially upon y Draconis; which agreeing with the hypothesis . . . nearly as well when the sun was in conjunction with, as in opposition to, this star, it seems very probable, that the parallax of it is not so great as one single second. This statement has been cited by historians as a decisive turning point in the history of attempts to measure parallax: a turning point in the wrong direction, however, as after this, it is claimed, astronomers no longer sought parallax measurements, believing such small angles to be beyond the limits of even the most sensitive instruments. According to M. A. Hoskin (3): Not surprisingly, Bradley’s revelation of the most incredible delicacy of the required measurements . . . and the apparent near impossibility of maintaining such accuracy over an annual cycle, resulted in a failure of nerve among those few astonomers who possessed instruments capable of precision measurements. And the Canadian astronomer J. D. Fernie suggests that (4): The great accuracy of Bradley’s observations and their failure to detect any star’s parallax seem to have put something of a damper on further attempts at direct absolute measurement for the remainder of the eighteenth century.

A Census of the Provincial Theatre in Eighteenth-Century Spain

1979 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-123
Author(s):  
Heinrich Richard Falk
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
The Political ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Political Center ◽  
History Of

The recorded history of the Spanish theatre has been, in large measure, a history of the Madrid stage. Madrid, like London and Paris, was not only the political center of its nation, but also its cultural capital. Performers and playwrights may have served enforced periods of apprenticeship in the provinces (the example of Molière comes to mind), but success in the capital remained a constant goal. Historians of the theatre in Spain have tended to follow the lead of the actors in fixing their attention almost exclusively on Madrid. N. D. Shergold's A History of the Spanish Stage becomes primarily a history of the Madrid stage after his chronicle moves from medieval times to the establishment of the first public theatres in late sixteenth-century Madrid. René Andioc's study of the eighteenth-century Spanish theatre, Sur la querelle du théâtre au temps de Leandro Fernández de Moratín (Theatrical Polemics in the Time of Moratin), is almost entirely about the theatre in Madrid, a fact recognized in the title of the Spanish version, Teatro y sociedad en el Madrid del siglo XVIII (Theatre and Society in Eighteenth-Century Madrid). Many additional examples could be cited from the Golden Age to the present of historians purporting to study the Spanish theatre, but in reality considering only the Madrid theatre.

The Jacobin Phrenzy: The Menace of Monarchy, Plutocracy, and Anglophilia, 1789–1798

1959 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall Smelser
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
The Political ◽  
Age Of Reason ◽  
Recent Comment ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Federalist ◽  
American Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment

InTheFolklore of our national past the Federalist Period is often thought of as a golden age of demigods, who were almost infallible. The noisy dissent from the program of the Federalist administrations has been regarded as only a temporary deviation from the true American tradition.The most frequently read accounts of the period — especially in college textbooks and other short works of synthesis — have generally tended to reduce the political events of that age to a chapter in the history of the “Age of Reason” and have thereby done some damage to our understanding. Casual readers of the story of this age seem to finish their reading with a mental summary in which the emphasis is on the intellect and logic — in short, on reason. An excellent example of this image as it occurs in the lore of even the learned is a recent comment on Senator J. William Fulbright by Senator Paul Douglas: “He's a child of the eighteenth century, a throwback to that age of enlightenment, trust in reason, temperate argument, and slightly aristocratic tendencies. That, I think, explains why he seems a little aloof, a little different from the rest.”

Itch, Clap, Pox

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelle Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
British Literature ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Anxieties ◽  
Eighteenth Century Britain ◽  
History Of Literature

In eighteenth-century Britain, venereal disease was everywhere and nowhere: while physicians and commentators believed the condition to be widespread, it remained shrouded in secrecy, and was often represented using slang, symbolism, and wordplay. This book explores the cultural significance of the “clap” (gonorrhea), the “pox” (syphilis), and the “itch” (genital scabies) for the development of eighteenth-century British literature and art. As a condition both represented through metaphors and used as a metaphor, venereal disease provided a vehicle for the discussion of cultural anxieties about gender, race, commerce, and immigration. The book highlights four key concepts associated with venereal disease, demonstrating how infection's symbolic potency was enhanced by its links to elite masculinity, prostitution, foreignness, and facial deformities. Casting light where the sun rarely shines, this study will fascinate anyone interested in the history of literature, art, medicine, and sexuality.

‘The Age of Louis XIV’: Frederick the Great and French Ways of War*

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-46
Author(s):  
Adam L Storring
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
French Military ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Military

Abstract This article demonstrates that the military ideas of King Frederick the Great of Prussia up to the Seven Years War (1756–1763) were primarily inspired by France, and particularly by the towering figure of King Louis XIV. It examines the intellectual inspirations for Frederick’s military ideas, showing that French military influence reflected the strength of French cultural influence in the long eighteenth century and the importance of Louis XIV as a model for monarchical self-representation. Frederick’s famous personal command of his armies reflected the Enlightenment concept of the ‘great man’ (grand homme), but Frederick thereby sought primarily to outdo the Sun King, whom Voltaire had criticized for merely accompanying his armies while his generals won battles for him. The example of Frederick thus demonstrates that not only rulers but also enlightened philosophers often looked backwards toward older monarchical examples. Frederick sought to create his own ‘Age of Louis XIV’ in the military sphere by imitating the great French generals of the Sun King. Frederick’s famous outflanking manoeuvres followed the example of famous French generals, reflecting the practice of the more mobile armies of the mid-seventeenth century. Frederick used French practice to justify his attacks with the bayonet, and his ‘short and lively’ wars reflected French strategic traditions. The evidence of French influence on Frederick seriously challenges concepts of a ‘German Way of War’, and indeed of supposed national ‘ways of war’ in general, emphasizing the need for a transnational approach to the history of military thought.

scholarly journals ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS AND CELEBRATORY POETRY IN THE ROME OF PIUS VI

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 241-268
Author(s):  
Carlo Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Great Success ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Poetic Style ◽  
Literary Circles

In the second half of the eighteenth century, archaeological activities in Rome intensified considerably under the pontificate of Pius VI (1775–99), and new excavations in the Roman Campagna and the Latium, together with the erection of the Museo Pio Clementino (1776–84), excited considerable interest in Roman learned and literary circles. A young poet who had moved to Rome from Romagna, Vincenzo Monti (1754–1828), obtained his first great success by celebrating the new discoveries in a memorable poem, La prosopopea di Pericle. In it, a newly found herm of Pericles sings of Pius's pontificate as a new golden age for the arts. Monti, who was to become Italy's most authoritative man of letters in the following decades, befriended in those years, and received considerable assistance from, the leading antiquarian of that age, Ennio Quirino Visconti (1751–1818). Their relationship and its legacy provide the subject of this paper, with emphasis on Monti's early poetry, its significance for the literary history of the neoclassical age, and its role in shaping a novel poetic style intended for the praise of ancient art.

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